US3418218A - Sealing of aluminum surfaces - Google Patents
Sealing of aluminum surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3418218A US3418218A US533410A US53341066A US3418218A US 3418218 A US3418218 A US 3418218A US 533410 A US533410 A US 533410A US 53341066 A US53341066 A US 53341066A US 3418218 A US3418218 A US 3418218A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sealing
- test
- glycol
- aluminum
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
- C25D11/24—Chemical after-treatment
- C25D11/246—Chemical after-treatment for sealing layers
Definitions
- This invention relates to the treatment of metallic surfaces to produce thereon coatings which have improved resistance to corrosion and discoloration. More specifical- 1y, it relates to sealing an inorganic oxide protective coating which is formed on a metallic surface by a chemical reaction therewith. In particular, this invention pertains to a composition for sealing anodized aluminum surfaces.
- an artificial oxide coating or film on the surface thereof.
- a protective oxide coating is usually formed by anodic oxidation, generally referred to as anodizing wherein the aluminum is made the anode in an electrolytic acid solution, or by treating the aluminum surface with an alkaline composition such as an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate.
- anodic oxidation generally referred to as anodizing wherein the aluminum is made the anode in an electrolytic acid solution, or by treating the aluminum surface with an alkaline composition such as an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate.
- the oxide coating as formed is harder and more resistant to abrasion than the metal on which it is formed, it still does not provide significant stain and corrosion protection since the coating is inherently porous and absorbent.
- anodic coating itself is dull and interfers with the attainment of a polished or chrome-like appearance in the end item. Therefore, the thickness of an anodic coating applied to decorative parts is generally less than 0.4 mil.
- a further object is to provide a composition which will impart increased corrosion resistance to anodic aluminum oxide coatings.
- a still further object is to provide an improved process for sealing anodized aluminum which is easy to employ, inexpensive and which produces an anodic coating having excellent corrosion and stain resistance.
- the sealing composition of this invention comprises a solution of water and a polyoxyalkylene glycol.
- the polyoxyalkylene glycol should have a molecular weight of at least about and the solution should contain a minimum of about 0.1 weight percent of the polyoxyalkylene glycol based on the total weight of the solution.
- polyoxyalkylene glycol refers to polyether compounds having the formula: HO(RO) H, in which R stands for an alkylene radial such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, etc., and n is an integer. It is to be understood that not all of the alkylene radicals present need be the same as for example the glycol derived from dioxolane having the formula HO(CH OC H O),,H, and that the alkylene radicals can be straight or branched chain. Any polyoxyalkylene glycol can be used in the sealing composition of this invention provided it is sufiiciently soluble to form an aqueous solution containing at least about 0.1 weight percent of the glycol.
- the preferred glycol for use in this invention is polyoxyethylene glycol.
- suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols include polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxybutylene glycol and mixed polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycols such as those having the structure HO ⁇ C H O) (C H O) (C H O- ⁇ H wherein b has a value such that the molecular weight of the oxypropylene group is at least 900 and a and c are integers each having a value such that the combined molecular weight of the two oxyethylene groups constitutes from about to 90 Weight percent of the total Weight of the compound.
- Such block polymers are commercially available under the trademark Pluronic.
- block polymers such as are disclosed in U.S. 3,022,335, having blocks composed of a mixture of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide instead of a single oxide as shown in the above formula can also be used.
- the aqeuous sealing composition of this invention should contain at least 0.1 weight percent of the polyoxyalkylene glycol in order to obtain an anodic coating having good corrosion resistance.
- the preferred amount of glycol is in the range of about 1 to 10 weight percent. Concentrations of glycol greater than about 10 weight percent can be used, however, such concentrations do not appear to increase the corrosion resistance of the anodic coating.
- the glycol compound has a molecular weight of at least about 100.
- the upper limit for the molecular weight is determined only by the requirement of solubility of the glycol in water, and good results have been obtained with polyoxyalkylene glycols having molecular weights of about 20,000.
- the preferred molecular weight range is from about 300 to 12,000.
- the sealing composition of this invention is employed in a process in which the aqueous polyoxyalkylene solution is brought into contact with the anodic coating to be sealed.
- the temperature of the solution should be in the range of about 175 F. to the boiling point of the solution. Care should be taken to prevent the temperature from falling below this range since water reacts with the anodic film at temperatures less than 175 F. to form an undesirable loose white substance called Bayerite.
- the most complete sealing will be obtained if the pH of the sealing bath or solution is in the range where 1 Boehmite formation occurs, namely a pH of 4.0 to 8.5.
- the preferred pH range is about 5 to 7 and excellent results have been obtained when the anodized aluminum surface to be sealed is dipped or immersed in the sealing solution of this invention for a period in the range of about 5 to 25 minutes.
- the aluminum panels which were used in the tests described in the following examples were made of aluminum supplied by Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Sales Inc. which conformed to the requirements of the aluminum alloy specification SAE AA 5252.
- the composition of this aluminum was:
- An example of a suitable alkaline cleaner is one composed of 40 grams per liter of sodium carbonate, 20 grams per liter of sodium phosphate, 5 grams per liter of sodium metasilicate, balance water.
- test panels After cleaning and anodizing according to the above set forth procedure, all of the test panels had an anodic oxide coating of a thickness in the range of 0.29 to 0.32 mil.
- each of the test panels which were sealed as described in the following examples were subjected to four distinct corrosion tests in order to fully evaluate the effectiveness of the seal.
- the four tests which were used are set forth by the American Society for Testing Materials (A.S.T.M.) and were the (l) Corrodkote TestASTM Standard B-380; (2) Salt Spray Test 250 hoursASTM Standard B-117; (3) Cass Test 6 hoursASTM Standard B 36862T; and (4) Humidity Test 250 hours.
- Each of the above first three tests are well known and fully described in the appropriate ASTM Standard and, hence, no description of these tests is needed.
- the fourth test or Humidity Test was conducted by placing the sealed test panels in a chamber in which the temperature was maintained at F. :2 F. while the humidity was maintained at 100% with condensation.
- test panels prepared as described above, be made up with deionized water. The following sealing were then sealed in each of the above baths by immersing baths were prepared as follows:
- each of the above baths was used to seal six anodized bath had been adjusted to a pH of 6.0 with either sodium aluminum test panels which were prepared as described hydroxide or acetic acid and each bath was maintained at above.
- the sealing was accomplished, as in Example I, by a temperature in the range of 208 F. to the boiling point immersing the panels for a 15 minute period in the sealof the bath (approx. 212 F.) during the sealing period.
- ing bath which was adjusted to a pH of 6.0 and main- After being sealed, the corrosion and stain resistance of tained at a temperature in the range of 208 F. tothe boilthe test panels were evaluated by subjecting two panels ing point of the bath (approx.
- This example demonstrates the ability of the sealing composition of this invention to effectively seal an anodic coating when the sealing bath is at a temperature as low as about 175 F.
- 6 test It W111 bfi pp from the data m Table 1 that an panels prepared as described above were immersed for the P Y Y Y glycol Solutions were highly effective 15 minutes in each of the three sealing baths described in Producing a Sealed anodic coating of good corl'oslon below in Table 3. Subsequent to sealing, the effectiveness and stain resistance.
- EXAMPLE IV This example demonstrates the ability of the sealing composition of this invention to provide excellent anodic sealing at various polyoxyalkylene glycol concentrations.
- the dyed test panels were then sealed by immersing them for 15 minutes in an aqueous solution composed of approximately 98 weight percent deionized water and Percent Av. Per- Bath No. Rating No. Panel Rating No. Panel Rating ating Rating fo'rmance Sum Number Number Numbers of Rating Num- 1 2 1 2 bersX1.67
- EXAMPLE V This example demonstrates the use of a polyoxypropylenepolyoxyethylene compound in the sealing bath of this invention.
- a sealing bath was prepared by forming an aqueous solution composed of approximately 98 weight percent of deionized water and 2 weight percent of a glycol having the formula 2 percent by weight of a 600 molecular weight polyoxyethylene glycol.
- the sealing solution had a pH of about 6.0 and was at a temperature of about 212 F.
- the eifectiveness of the seal was then evaluated by subjecting the test panels to the four ASTM tests previously described. From the test results shown in Table 8, it is apparent that the sealing composition of this invention provides an excellent seal of dyed anodized aluminum.
- a sealing composition is hereby provided which is easy to prepare and use, which is convenient to store due to its excellent stability and which is economical. Furthermore, it should be understood that other agents conventionally employed in aluminum sealingbaths, such as wetting additives, can be incorporated into the sealing bath of this invention without harmful consequences. It will also be understood that the term aluminum as used herein means high purity aluminum, commercially pure aluminum and aluminum based alloys containing at least 50% aluminum by weight.
- a process for sealing an anodically formed aluminum oxide coating which comprises immersing said coating in a bath comprising a solution of water and at least about 0.1 weight percent of polyoxyalkylene glycol, said bath having a pH in the range of about 4.0 to 8.5 and a temperature of about 175 F. to the boiling point of the solution, and said polyoxyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight in the range of about 100 to 20,000 and corresponding to the formula HO(RO) H wherein R represents an alkylene radical selected from the group consisting of methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene and mixtures of such radicals.
- the .bath comprises a solution of water and a polyoxyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of from about 300 to 12,000 selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene compounds having the formula wherein b has a value such that the molecular Weight of the oxypropylene group is at least about 900 and a and c are integers of a value such that the oxyethylene groups constitute about 10 to weight percent of the total weight of the compound, and mixtures of the foregoing.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US533410A US3418218A (en) | 1966-03-11 | 1966-03-11 | Sealing of aluminum surfaces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US533410A US3418218A (en) | 1966-03-11 | 1966-03-11 | Sealing of aluminum surfaces |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3418218A true US3418218A (en) | 1968-12-24 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US533410A Expired - Lifetime US3418218A (en) | 1966-03-11 | 1966-03-11 | Sealing of aluminum surfaces |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3418218A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3867099A (en) * | 1973-02-05 | 1975-02-18 | Intoximeters Inc | Breath sample tube and method of making it |
US4552686A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1985-11-12 | Texaco Inc. | Corrosion inhibiting composition and method |
US6410197B1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2002-06-25 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Methods for treating aluminum substrates and products thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2674619A (en) * | 1953-10-19 | 1954-04-06 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Polyoxyalkylene compounds |
US2799649A (en) * | 1954-07-14 | 1957-07-16 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method for inhibiting corrosion |
US3022335A (en) * | 1955-03-30 | 1962-02-20 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Surface active polyoxyalkylene compounds having a plurality of heteric polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene chains |
US3202523A (en) * | 1962-06-12 | 1965-08-24 | Alside Inc | Method and apparatus for applying expendable protective coatings on finished surfaces |
US3301680A (en) * | 1964-02-07 | 1967-01-31 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | Method of impregnating paper to reduce curling tendency and resultant article |
-
1966
- 1966-03-11 US US533410A patent/US3418218A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2674619A (en) * | 1953-10-19 | 1954-04-06 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Polyoxyalkylene compounds |
US2799649A (en) * | 1954-07-14 | 1957-07-16 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Method for inhibiting corrosion |
US3022335A (en) * | 1955-03-30 | 1962-02-20 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Surface active polyoxyalkylene compounds having a plurality of heteric polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene chains |
US3202523A (en) * | 1962-06-12 | 1965-08-24 | Alside Inc | Method and apparatus for applying expendable protective coatings on finished surfaces |
US3301680A (en) * | 1964-02-07 | 1967-01-31 | Mo Och Domsjoe Ab | Method of impregnating paper to reduce curling tendency and resultant article |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3867099A (en) * | 1973-02-05 | 1975-02-18 | Intoximeters Inc | Breath sample tube and method of making it |
US4552686A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1985-11-12 | Texaco Inc. | Corrosion inhibiting composition and method |
US6410197B1 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2002-06-25 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Methods for treating aluminum substrates and products thereof |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FIDELITY UNION TRUST COMPANY, 765 BROAD ST., NEWAR Free format text: MORTGAGE;ASSIGNOR:CHRYSLER CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003832/0358 Effective date: 19810209 Owner name: FIDELITY UNION TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE,NEW JERSEY Free format text: MORTGAGE;ASSIGNOR:CHRYSLER CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003832/0358 Effective date: 19810209 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CHRYSLER CORPORATION, HIGHLAND PARK, MI 12000 LYNN Free format text: ASSIGNORS HEREBY REASSIGN, TRANSFER AND RELINQUISH THEIR ENTIRE INTEREST UNDER SAID INVENTIONS AND RELEASE THEIR SECURITY INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:FIDELITY UNION BANK;ARNEBECK, WILLIAM, INDIVIDUAL TRUSTEE;REEL/FRAME:004063/0604 Effective date: 19820217 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CHRYSLER CORPORATION Free format text: PARTES REASSIGN, TRANSFER AND RELINQUISH THEIR ENTIRE INTEREST UNDER SAID PATENTS ALSO RELEASE THEIR SECURITY INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MANUFACTURERS NATIONAL BANK OF DETROIL (CORPORATE TRUSTEE) AND BLACK DONALD E., (INDIVIDUAL TRUSTEE);REEL/FRAME:004355/0154 Effective date: 19840905 |