US3416916A - Ductile cobalt-base alloy - Google Patents
Ductile cobalt-base alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3416916A US3416916A US563371A US56337166A US3416916A US 3416916 A US3416916 A US 3416916A US 563371 A US563371 A US 563371A US 56337166 A US56337166 A US 56337166A US 3416916 A US3416916 A US 3416916A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- alloys
- percent
- cobalt
- base alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 77
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 77
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000979 O alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NRUQNUIWEUZVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-O diethanolammonium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.OCC[NH2+]CCO NRUQNUIWEUZVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
Definitions
- Another object of this invention is to provide a superior oxidation-resistant cobalt-base alloy in the form of wrought products.
- a further object of this invention is to provide cobaltbase alloys that have an optimum combination of high strength and resistance to embrittlement and oxidation.
- COnsistS essentially of about: 18 to 25 percent chromium, 11 to 15 percent tungsten, 1 6 to 25 percent nickel, 0.05 to 0.5 percent carbon, 0.001 to 0.025 percent boron balance cobalt and incidental impurities.
- the alloy of this invention may contain the usual impurities found in commercial alloys of this class, i.e. up to, about percent iron, about 1.5 percent molybdenum, about 1 percent manganese, about 0.75 percent silicon; and about 0.15 percent total phosphorous, sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Table 1 shows alloy ranges and specific compositions in accordance with the present invention.
- alloys often called superalloys are especially suitable for service at high temperature except that they tend to embrittle after prolonged use at temperatures above about 1400" F.
- each alloy has certain outstanding individual characteristics, none by itself has the advantage of combined optimum characteristics of high strength, oxidation resistance and resistance to embrittlement.
- Alloy 1 is known to have outstanding, high temperature strength but its oxidation resistance is lower than that of Alloy 2.
- Alloy 2 has outstanding oxidation resistance but its high temperature strength is lower than that of Alloy 1. Up to the present such limitations had to be tolerated in the application of these superalloys.
- alloys of this invention provide an optimum combination of all the advantageous properties generally associated with this class of superalloys. As shown hereinbelow, the alloys of this invention have strengths equal to or higher than Alloy 1 and also have oxidation resistance characteristics approaching that of Alloy 2.
- chromium within the ranges shown in Table 1, provides oxidation resistance and contributes to high temperature strength; chromium contents below the indicated range are not sufiicient to provide adequate oxidation resistance while chromium contents above the indicated range tend to yield alloys of decreased dutility at room temperature.
- Tungsten is present in the alloy, within the indicated ranges, as a carbide former and in a solid solution matrix to provide high strength.
- Molybdenum is not substitutable for tungsten in the alloy of this invention, although molybdenum may be present as an unavoidable impurity up to not more than 1.5 percent by weight in the total alloy as previously noted.
- Carcon is required in the alloy within the range as indicated in Table 1 as a solid solution strengthening element and as a carbide former to provide high strength and nickel must be present in the alloy within the indicated ranges to provide adequate post aging ductility, oxidation resistance, and high temperature strength. Alloys containing less than 15.5 percent nickel tend to embrittle after prolonged use at temperatures between about 1400 F. and 1900 F.
- Manganese may be present in the alloy in amounts not loys 1 and 2, in addition Table 6 shows that the alloys of this invention have much better oxidation resistance than alloy 1 of the prior art.
- the oxidation tests of Table 6 were identical for all alloys tested. All oxidation test samples were nominally 0.07-inch thick sheet, 0.75-inch square and were uniformly polished to a 120-grit finish. One group of samples was exposed at 2000 F. for 100 hours continuously while another group was intermittently exposed at 2000 F. for eight 3-hour periods and four 19-hour periods for a total of 100 hours as indicated in Table 6. The oxidation rates were determined and are shown on the basis of mils penetration per year (m.p.y.). It is significant that the oxidation rates of the alloys of this invention closely approach those of alloy 2 which is generally recognized as the superior wrought oxidation-resistant alloy presently available in the metals industry.
- Incidental impurities in amounts normally found in alloys of this type may be tolerated as previously mentioned while zirconium, columbium, titanium and tantalum, often added in alloys of this class, are not required in the alloys of this invention.
- the combined total content in the final alloy of zirconium, columbium, titanium and tantalum must not exceed over one percent by weight, as impurities and residuals of prior processing steps, in order that the desired combination of properties be obtained.
- alloys were prepared by a process commonly used in alloys of this class; however, other consolidating techniques could be used.
- the alloy compositions were melted in an induction furnace, cast into ingots, forged and rolled into 0.063-inch thick sheet for testing purposes. Prior to testing, the alloys were annealed at 2150 F. for 15 minutes and fan cooled.
- Compositions of alloys prepared and tested are given in Table 3.
- the alloys of this invention described in Table 3 are in the range of about 19-20% Ni, 11-14% W, 19-22% Cr and 0.l-0.3% C. and will be seen to have an excellent combination of industrially useful properties. All of the alloys of Table 3, except alloy B, are in accordance with this invention. Tensile test results of these alloys, and prior are alloys, are shown in Table 4 while creep and stress-rupture test results are shown in Table 5.
- the alloys of this invention are seen to be superior, or at least comparable to, both alloys 1 and 2 of the prior art.
- the average tensile strengths of the alloys of this invention are about 1.5 times the strengths of al- TABLE 4.AVERAGE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF ALLOYS TESTED Yield Ultimate Strength Tensile Elongation, 0.2% Strength, Percent Offset, 1,000 1,000 p s l p.s.i.
- a cobalt base alloy characterized by high temperah, oxidation resistance and resistance to em- DATA [.063-inch thick sheet] Load at Cup Depth, Cup Depth,
- the two alloys are simi brittlement after exposure to elevated temperatures, said alloy consisting essentially of about:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US563371A US3416916A (en) | 1966-07-07 | 1966-07-07 | Ductile cobalt-base alloy |
| SE10027/67*A SE342474B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1966-07-07 | 1967-06-30 | |
| DE1558676A DE1558676B2 (de) | 1966-07-07 | 1967-06-30 | Verwendung einer Kobalt-Legierung |
| GB30501/67A GB1137019A (en) | 1966-07-07 | 1967-07-03 | Cobalt base alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US563371A US3416916A (en) | 1966-07-07 | 1966-07-07 | Ductile cobalt-base alloy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3416916A true US3416916A (en) | 1968-12-17 |
Family
ID=24250243
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US563371A Expired - Lifetime US3416916A (en) | 1966-07-07 | 1966-07-07 | Ductile cobalt-base alloy |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3416916A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1558676B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1137019A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| SE (1) | SE342474B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9377245B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-28 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Heat exchanger life extension via in-situ reconditioning |
| US9435011B2 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2016-09-06 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Creep-resistant, cobalt-free alloys for high temperature, liquid-salt heat exchanger systems |
| US9540714B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-01-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | High strength alloys for high temperature service in liquid-salt cooled energy systems |
| US9605565B2 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2017-03-28 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Low-cost Fe—Ni—Cr alloys for high temperature valve applications |
| US9683280B2 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2017-06-20 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Intermediate strength alloys for high temperature service in liquid-salt cooled energy systems |
| US9683279B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2017-06-20 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Intermediate strength alloys for high temperature service in liquid-salt cooled energy systems |
| US10017842B2 (en) | 2013-08-05 | 2018-07-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Creep-resistant, cobalt-containing alloys for high temperature, liquid-salt heat exchanger systems |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2744010A (en) * | 1951-02-12 | 1956-05-01 | Gen Motors Corp | High temperature co-cr alloys |
| US2746860A (en) * | 1952-11-21 | 1956-05-22 | Union Carbide And Carbodn Corp | High temperature co-cr alloys |
| US2996379A (en) * | 1958-12-04 | 1961-08-15 | Union Carbide Corp | Cobalt-base alloy |
| US3362816A (en) * | 1963-06-22 | 1968-01-09 | Fed Republic Of Germany | Cobalt alloy |
-
1966
- 1966-07-07 US US563371A patent/US3416916A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1967
- 1967-06-30 SE SE10027/67*A patent/SE342474B/xx unknown
- 1967-06-30 DE DE1558676A patent/DE1558676B2/de active Granted
- 1967-07-03 GB GB30501/67A patent/GB1137019A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2744010A (en) * | 1951-02-12 | 1956-05-01 | Gen Motors Corp | High temperature co-cr alloys |
| US2746860A (en) * | 1952-11-21 | 1956-05-22 | Union Carbide And Carbodn Corp | High temperature co-cr alloys |
| US2996379A (en) * | 1958-12-04 | 1961-08-15 | Union Carbide Corp | Cobalt-base alloy |
| US3362816A (en) * | 1963-06-22 | 1968-01-09 | Fed Republic Of Germany | Cobalt alloy |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9377245B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-28 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Heat exchanger life extension via in-situ reconditioning |
| US9540714B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-01-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | High strength alloys for high temperature service in liquid-salt cooled energy systems |
| US10017842B2 (en) | 2013-08-05 | 2018-07-10 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Creep-resistant, cobalt-containing alloys for high temperature, liquid-salt heat exchanger systems |
| US9435011B2 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2016-09-06 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Creep-resistant, cobalt-free alloys for high temperature, liquid-salt heat exchanger systems |
| US9683280B2 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2017-06-20 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Intermediate strength alloys for high temperature service in liquid-salt cooled energy systems |
| US9683279B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2017-06-20 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Intermediate strength alloys for high temperature service in liquid-salt cooled energy systems |
| US9605565B2 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2017-03-28 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Low-cost Fe—Ni—Cr alloys for high temperature valve applications |
| US9752468B2 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2017-09-05 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Low-cost, high-strength Fe—Ni—Cr alloys for high temperature exhaust valve applications |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1137019A (en) | 1968-12-18 |
| DE1558676B2 (de) | 1974-01-17 |
| DE1558676C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-08-08 |
| SE342474B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1972-02-07 |
| DE1558676A1 (de) | 1973-08-23 |
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