US3413805A - Method of and apparatus for controlling plural fluid medium thermal power plants - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for controlling plural fluid medium thermal power plants Download PDF

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Publication number
US3413805A
US3413805A US538896A US53889666A US3413805A US 3413805 A US3413805 A US 3413805A US 538896 A US538896 A US 538896A US 53889666 A US53889666 A US 53889666A US 3413805 A US3413805 A US 3413805A
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United States
Prior art keywords
steam
pressure
working
ammonia
heat exchanger
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Expired - Lifetime
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US538896A
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English (en)
Inventor
Heller Laszlo
Forgo Laszlo
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KOMPLEX NAGYBERENDEZESEK EXPOR
KOMPLEX NAGYBERENDEZESEK EXPORT-IMPORT VALLALATA
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KOMPLEX NAGYBERENDEZESEK EXPOR
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/106—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/04—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for controlling plural fluid medium thermal power plants.
  • Thermal power plants are already known which are 0perated with two different fluid mediums in such a manner that steam is employed as working medium of an upper stage and a so-called cold vapour such as ammonia is used as working medium of a lower stage.
  • Such thermal power plants are, as a rule, distinguished by two advantages.
  • their use permits the building of power plants of very high unit capacities by eliminating the restrictions on power capacity due to the volume increase of steam which is extraordinarily great with high vacuum conditions.
  • the saturation pressure of the so-called cold vapours associated with normal ambient temperatures is by orders of magnitude higher than that of steam and, thus, also the volume of vapour withdrawing from a turbine is by orders of magnitude smaller, identical outputs being taken for the purpose of comparison.
  • Th second basic advantage of the aforesaid power plants is that in case of using air for recooling purposes it permits the full use of possible cooler air temperatures.
  • such systems offer the advantage of eliminating the use of vacuum in the whole system if a suitably selected cold vapour is employed, While, namely, with a merely steam operated turbine it is practically impossible to obviate vacuum in the course of condensation, the saturation pressure of most of the cold media is even at the practically occurring lowest temperature levels higher than the atmospheric pressure.
  • the main object of the present invention is the provision of a control method by which the maximum pressure prevailing on the cold vapour side is influenced in such a manner that in the heat exchanger for steam and cold vapour in correspondence to the actual power requirements a temperature difference be present by which it is ensured that the temperature on the steam side always surpasses a temperature of degrees centigrade which means that the pressure prevailing on the steam side can never drop below the atmospheric value.
  • the invention is primarily concerned with a method of controlling a plural medium thermal power plant with which the heat content of a working medium for working between higher temperature limits is transmitted through a heat exchanger to a working medium working between lower temperature limits, and the main feature of the invention consists in that, in addition to a power control conventionally employed with heat engines, the minimum pressure of steam used as working medium between said higher temperature limits is kept so as to be always higher than the atmospheric pressure.
  • FIG. 1 applies to cases where, according to the result of economical calculations carried out in consideration of other viewpoints, the temperature difference in the steam-cold vapour heat exchanger will not be greater than 5 to 10 degrees centigrade.
  • a load governor 1 permits an amount of steam to enter a steam turbine 2 which amount of steam corresponds to the power requirements of the case. This amount of steam flows from the steam turbine 2 through a pipe conduit 3 into a steam-cold vapour heat exchanger 4 where it becomes condensed. The condensate resulting from such condensation is supplied by a pump 5 back into a steam boiler not shown.
  • pump 6 for cold vapour such as ammonia supplies liquid ammonia into the heat exchanger 4 between steam and ammonia where the ammonia evaporates and flows through a pipe conduit 7 into a liquid trap 8.
  • the ammonia vapour flows through a pipe conduit 9 and a pressure controller valve as well as through a pipe conduit 19 into an ammonia turbine 11 where it expands to condenser pressure and meanwhile, drives an electric generator 15 having a common shaft 14 with the steam turbine 2.
  • the ammonia flows through a pipe conduit 12 into an ammonia condenser 13.
  • the steam turbine 2 may be associated with a separately driven generator.
  • the liquid ammonia is pumped by a pump 16 from the condenser 13 through a preheater 17, furthermore through a pipe conduit 18 into the liquid trap 8.
  • the system comprises only one further controlling means which is the pressure regulator valve 10 and which operates in such a manner that the amount of ammonia vapour permitted to enter the ammonia vapour turbine is adjusted so that a prescribed constant pressure be maintained in the pipe conduit 9 upstream thereof which means practically the ammonia side of the steam-ammonia heat exchanger 4.
  • the condensing temperature on the steam side will drop e.g. from 110 to 102 C. temperature.
  • the effective surface is so diminished that the removal of condensate arising on the steam side of the heat exchanger 4 is slowed down so that the rising condensate should flood the appropriate portion of the cooling surface, cutting it out in this way from the heat transfer.
  • the drawback is that the insertion of a separate water storage tank is needed and that the heat exchanger 4 itself fills up with water and increases thereby very considerably in weight. This fact in View of the vast dimensions required for very large outputsmay raise serious problems.
  • the control of the condensate pump may also impose a difficult task since, instead of the conventional level control, some other, obviously more complicated, solution must be found.
  • the scheme according to FIGURE 2 presents a simpler solution to the problem.
  • the pressure of ammonia vapour is left freely to adjust to the load, but the pressure on the steam side is maintained at a predetermined lowest level.
  • the ammonia side of the heat exchanger surface is divided into several parallel sections 20 whose inlet valves 21 are operated by a pressure regulator controlled from the steam side as indicated at 22 in such a way that, upon decreasing steam-side pressure, the valves 21 consecutively close while, upon the effect of rising steam-side pressure, they consecutively open.
  • a method of controlling a plural medium thermal power plant wherein the heat content of a working medium working between higher temperature limits in a first portion of said plant including, in part, a heat exchanger, is transmitted through said heat exchanger to a working medium working between lower temperature limits in a second portion of said plant including, in part. said heat exchanger, said working medium working between higher temperature limits being steam, which comprises detecting changes in pressure in said working medium working between higher temperautre limits; and continuously maintaining the minimum pressure of said working medium working between higher temperature limits higher than atmospheric pressure in response to said detected change of pressure by adjusting said second portion of said plant.
  • Apparatus for controlling a plural medium thermal power plant including a working medium working between higher temperature limits, said medium being steam, a working medium working between lower temperature limits, and a heat exchanger for transmitting the heat content of said working medium working between higher temperature limits to said working medium working between lower temperature limits comprising, an automatic pressure controlling means on the side of the heat exchanger associated with said working medium working between lower temperature limits adapted to keep the pressure of said working medium working between lower temperature limits at a predetermined value, whereby the minimum pressure of said working medium working between higher temperature limits is maintained higher than atmospheric pressure.
  • Apparatus for controlling a plural medium thermal power plant including a working medium working be tween higher temperature limits, said medium being steam, a working medium working between lower temperature limits, and a heat exchanger for transmitting the heat content of said working medium working between higher temperature limits to said working medium working between lower temperature limits, said heat exchanger having an inlet for receiving said working medium working between higher temperature limits comprising a pressure feeler located at said heat exchanger inlet for detecting the pressure of said working medium working between higher temperature limits, said heat exchanger having a plurality of parallel branches for conducting said working medium working between lower temperature limits; and a plurality of automatic closing devices operated sequentially by said pressure feeler, one of said automatic closing devices being located in each of said heat exchanger branches, whereby the minimum pressure of said working medium working between higher temperature limits is maintained higher than atmospheric pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US538896A 1965-03-29 1966-03-22 Method of and apparatus for controlling plural fluid medium thermal power plants Expired - Lifetime US3413805A (en)

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HUHE000456 1965-03-29

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US (1) US3413805A (forum.php)
AT (1) AT259584B (forum.php)
CH (1) CH446397A (forum.php)
DE (1) DE1551245A1 (forum.php)
FI (1) FI44628C (forum.php)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803836A (en) * 1970-10-02 1974-04-16 Waagner Biro Ag Thermal power plants and methods for operating the same
JPS49128222A (forum.php) * 1973-04-11 1974-12-09
US3974642A (en) * 1973-01-26 1976-08-17 Fives-Cail Babcock Societe Anonyme Hybrid cycle power plant with heat accumulator for storing heat exchange fluid transferring heat between cycles
US4106581A (en) * 1976-03-05 1978-08-15 West Curtis W Vehicle utilizing cryogenic fuel
US4185465A (en) * 1976-01-29 1980-01-29 Dunham-Bush, Inc. Multi-step regenerated organic fluid helical screw expander hermetic induction generator system
FR2501843A1 (fr) * 1981-03-13 1982-09-17 Stein Industrie Procede de condensation de vapeur d'eau dans un cycle de production d'energie, et echangeur de chaleur pour sa mise en oeuvre
US4503682A (en) * 1982-07-21 1985-03-12 Synthetic Sink Low temperature engine system
EP0372864A1 (en) * 1988-12-02 1990-06-13 Ormat Industries, Ltd. Method of and apparatus for producing power using steam
US5970714A (en) * 1992-10-02 1999-10-26 Ormat Industries Ltd. Geothermal power plant operating on high pressure geothermal fluid
WO2002063141A1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2002-08-15 Addpower Ab A method of converting thermal energy into mechanical work
US20070119175A1 (en) * 2002-04-16 2007-05-31 Frank Ruggieri Power generation methods and systems
US20110203289A1 (en) * 2007-01-04 2011-08-25 Gutierrez Juan P Power generation system incorporating multiple rankine cycles
DE102012024017A1 (de) * 2012-12-08 2014-06-12 Pegasus Energietechnik AG Vorrichtung zum Umwandeln von thermischer Energie mit einer Druckerhöhungseinrichtung
US20170306807A1 (en) * 2016-04-22 2017-10-26 American Exchanger Services, Inc. Systems and Methods for Improving Power Plant Efficiency

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1222298B (it) * 1988-01-20 1990-09-05 Ignazio Congiu Dispositivo modulare per lo sfruttamento del calore in mezzi fluidi a bassa temperatura

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US107206A (en) * 1870-09-06 Improvement in steam and vapor engines
US1167158A (en) * 1915-11-29 1916-01-04 Gen Electric Method of and apparatus for generating power.
DE369923C (de) * 1921-01-16 1923-02-24 Karl Roeder Dr Ing Einrichtung zum Betrieb von zweistufigen Mehrstoffdampfmaschinen, insbesondere Turbinen
US1632575A (en) * 1925-07-07 1927-06-14 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Arrangement or system for the generation of steam
GB261368A (en) * 1925-11-12 1927-08-18 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Process for working steam power plant
DE480522C (de) * 1927-02-17 1929-08-03 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Mehrstoffdampfkraftanlage
GB398533A (en) * 1932-03-15 1933-09-15 Arthur Lingwood Masterman Improvements relating to the utilisation of high pressure steam, for power generation, in two stages
US1982745A (en) * 1928-01-31 1934-12-04 Drucktransformatoren Koenemann Method of transforming heat energy
GB460466A (en) * 1934-11-12 1937-01-28 Pierre Zehnle Improvements relating to vapour engines
US3257806A (en) * 1965-03-04 1966-06-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Thermodynamic cycle power plant

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US107206A (en) * 1870-09-06 Improvement in steam and vapor engines
US1167158A (en) * 1915-11-29 1916-01-04 Gen Electric Method of and apparatus for generating power.
DE369923C (de) * 1921-01-16 1923-02-24 Karl Roeder Dr Ing Einrichtung zum Betrieb von zweistufigen Mehrstoffdampfmaschinen, insbesondere Turbinen
US1632575A (en) * 1925-07-07 1927-06-14 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Arrangement or system for the generation of steam
GB261368A (en) * 1925-11-12 1927-08-18 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Process for working steam power plant
DE480522C (de) * 1927-02-17 1929-08-03 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Mehrstoffdampfkraftanlage
US1982745A (en) * 1928-01-31 1934-12-04 Drucktransformatoren Koenemann Method of transforming heat energy
GB398533A (en) * 1932-03-15 1933-09-15 Arthur Lingwood Masterman Improvements relating to the utilisation of high pressure steam, for power generation, in two stages
GB460466A (en) * 1934-11-12 1937-01-28 Pierre Zehnle Improvements relating to vapour engines
US3257806A (en) * 1965-03-04 1966-06-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Thermodynamic cycle power plant

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3803836A (en) * 1970-10-02 1974-04-16 Waagner Biro Ag Thermal power plants and methods for operating the same
US3974642A (en) * 1973-01-26 1976-08-17 Fives-Cail Babcock Societe Anonyme Hybrid cycle power plant with heat accumulator for storing heat exchange fluid transferring heat between cycles
JPS49128222A (forum.php) * 1973-04-11 1974-12-09
US4185465A (en) * 1976-01-29 1980-01-29 Dunham-Bush, Inc. Multi-step regenerated organic fluid helical screw expander hermetic induction generator system
US4106581A (en) * 1976-03-05 1978-08-15 West Curtis W Vehicle utilizing cryogenic fuel
FR2501843A1 (fr) * 1981-03-13 1982-09-17 Stein Industrie Procede de condensation de vapeur d'eau dans un cycle de production d'energie, et echangeur de chaleur pour sa mise en oeuvre
US4503682A (en) * 1982-07-21 1985-03-12 Synthetic Sink Low temperature engine system
US5497624A (en) * 1988-12-02 1996-03-12 Ormat, Inc. Method of and apparatus for producing power using steam
EP0372864A1 (en) * 1988-12-02 1990-06-13 Ormat Industries, Ltd. Method of and apparatus for producing power using steam
US5970714A (en) * 1992-10-02 1999-10-26 Ormat Industries Ltd. Geothermal power plant operating on high pressure geothermal fluid
WO2002063141A1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2002-08-15 Addpower Ab A method of converting thermal energy into mechanical work
US20070119175A1 (en) * 2002-04-16 2007-05-31 Frank Ruggieri Power generation methods and systems
US7735325B2 (en) * 2002-04-16 2010-06-15 Research Sciences, Llc Power generation methods and systems
US20110203289A1 (en) * 2007-01-04 2011-08-25 Gutierrez Juan P Power generation system incorporating multiple rankine cycles
US8371099B2 (en) * 2007-01-04 2013-02-12 Siemens Energy, Inc. Power generation system incorporating multiple Rankine cycles
DE102012024017A1 (de) * 2012-12-08 2014-06-12 Pegasus Energietechnik AG Vorrichtung zum Umwandeln von thermischer Energie mit einer Druckerhöhungseinrichtung
DE102012024017B4 (de) * 2012-12-08 2016-03-10 Pegasus Energietechnik AG Vorrichtung zum Umwandeln von thermischer Energie mit einer Druckerhöhungseinrichtung
US20170306807A1 (en) * 2016-04-22 2017-10-26 American Exchanger Services, Inc. Systems and Methods for Improving Power Plant Efficiency
US10577986B2 (en) * 2016-04-22 2020-03-03 American Exchanger Services, Inc. Systems and methods for improving power plant efficiency

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH446397A (de) 1967-11-15
DE1551245A1 (de) 1970-05-06
FI44628C (fi) 1971-12-10
AT259584B (de) 1968-01-25
FI44628B (forum.php) 1971-08-31

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