US3407865A - Method of coating metal mould walls - Google Patents

Method of coating metal mould walls Download PDF

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Publication number
US3407865A
US3407865A US608239A US60823966A US3407865A US 3407865 A US3407865 A US 3407865A US 608239 A US608239 A US 608239A US 60823966 A US60823966 A US 60823966A US 3407865 A US3407865 A US 3407865A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
mould
metal
walls
gel
carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US608239A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hammerton Roderic Hugh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Foseco International Ltd
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Foseco International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB4459664A priority Critical patent/GB1114258A/en
Priority claimed from GB4459664A external-priority patent/GB1114258A/en
Priority to US473816A priority patent/US3322518A/en
Priority to FR36911A priority patent/FR1451906A/fr
Application filed by Foseco International Ltd filed Critical Foseco International Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3407865A publication Critical patent/US3407865A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method is provided for applying a coating to metal mould walls and for simultaneously generating a nonoxidizing non-corrosive atmosphere within the mould.
  • a small quantity of an ignitable gel composition is placed near the bottom of the mould and is ignited to deposit carbon on the walls of the mould and to generate the desired atmosphere.
  • the gel comprises (1) certain carbocyclic compounds, (2) an inflammable liquid solvent, and (3) a gelling agent for the solvent.
  • This invention relates to the production of ingots by the method in which molten metal is poured into metal moulds and is particularly concerned with the production of ingots of steel or of slabs or billets of copper, nickel or alloys of either of these.
  • the invention is depicted schematically in the annexed drawing showing an ingot mould 1 containing the three-component gel composition 2 as a discrete mass therein.
  • mould dressings or mould additives which reduce oxidation of the molten metal by their fluxing or reducing action and thus help to prevent the above defects.
  • slags with a melting point considerably lower than that of the metal being cast, which form a molten fiuxing layer on the rising surface of cast metal
  • mould dressing including those base on tar, pitch or heavy oil compositions.
  • a method for the production of ingots of steel or slabs or billets of copper, nickel or alloys of either which comprises pouring the said molten metal into a metal mould, characterized in that there is placed in the mould a mixture of (1) a carbocyclic chemical substance which contains carbon, hydrogen and optionally also oxygen and/or nitrogen and which will on burning cause a deposit of carbon particles on the walls of the mould. the said particles being adherent to the said walls by reason of the adhesive action of a portion of the said substance or of a combustion product of said substance which deposits on the walls of the mould by sublimation or condensation, or which exists as a coating on.
  • the carbon particles (2) an inflammable liquid and (3) a gelling agent in a quantity sufficient to render the mixture of said constituents into gel form, the said constituents in vapour form, and the gaseous products of combustion thereof, being non-oxidising and non-corrosive, and igniting the gel to cause it to burn and establish a said deposit prior to or simultaneously with the pouring of the said molten metal into the mould.
  • the invention further includes, as new compositions of matter the gel compositions as aforesaid.
  • the substance 1) may be a single organic chemical compound or mixture of such compounds.
  • the selected carbocyclic substance should preferably not be deliquescent or hygroscopic since such substances have a tendency to introduce water vapour into the mould. It is generally found preferable to employ an aromatic compound with a high proportion of carbon in the molecule.
  • a wide variety of compounds are suitable for use in carrying out the method of the invention. These include carbocyclic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, biphenylene, naphthacene, rubrene, pentacene, heptacene, pyrene, perylene and acenaphthene.
  • carbocyclic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, biphenylene, naphthacene, rubrene, pentacene, heptacene, pyrene, perylene and acenaphthene.
  • Other suitable substances are phenolic compounds (e.g. resorcinol, hydroquinone, alpha and beta-naphthol, anthraquinone quinol), esters of carbocyclic acids (e.g.
  • pentaerythritol and glycerol esters of resins such as ester gum
  • terpene compounds e.g. camphor, borneol, pinene or abietic acid
  • certain natural or synthetic resins containing carbocyclic groups eg. phenolfor-maldehyde, co pal, terpene resins and alkyd resins
  • Nitrogenous compounds may also be used, e.g. a-napthylamine and the aminoanthraquinones. Halogen-containing substances, aromatic acids and anhydrides are not preferred substances since they tend to cause corrosion.
  • a particularly useful substance is a mixture of mononuclear and polynuclear aromatic alkyl hydrocarbons of the generalised structure R-Y for the lower molecular weight members of the mixture, and
  • Y is an alkyl residue of up to 8 carbon atoms and R represents a mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic residue (e.g. phenyl, naphthyl and anthracyl).
  • R represents a mononuclear or polynuclear aromatic residue (e.g. phenyl, naphthyl and anthracyl).
  • a said mixture having ingredients ranging in molecular weight from about 180 to about 3000 and an average molecular weight of about 315, and having a net carbon content of about by weight, is commercially available (Reichold Chemicals, Inc., USA.) under the name Petrosyn C-2.
  • An alogous mixtures, obtained by a high temperature Friedel- Crafts reaction, can also be employed.
  • the second ingredient, the inflammable liquid may be any such but it is preferable to avoid the use of solvents which contain elements such as halogen or sulphur since these may tend to be corrosive. From the standpoints of cheapness and availability the common inflammable solvents such a solvent naphtha, mineral spirits, turpentine, white spirit and isopropyl alcohol are preferred. Other inflammable solvents such as toluene may be used or mixtures of any of the named solvents may be used. Basically it is only necessary that the liquid should be capable of ready ignition and, when burning, should ignite the said organic carbocyclic substance.
  • Any gelling agent which will gel in the liquid used may be employed but it is preferred to select such as will leave no, or very little residue, which might contaminate the cast metal.
  • Metal soaps, especially aluminium soaps are very suitable, e.g.:
  • Aluminium stearate gels in solvent naphtha and kerosene.
  • Aluminium naphthenate gels in white spirit, kerosene, turpentine and isopropyl alcohol.
  • Aluminium octoate gels in white spirit, kerosene and turpentine.
  • Aluminium salt of 2-ethyl hexoic acid gels in kerosene and other liquid hydrocarbons.
  • alkyl ammonium montmorillonite gels in aromatic hydrocarbons and alcohols.
  • the gel additives of the present invention may be employed as such but it is usually convenient to employ them in combustible containers, e.g. of cellulose nitrate film or of paper coated with a plastic or wax layer.
  • combustible containers e.g. of cellulose nitrate film or of paper coated with a plastic or wax layer.
  • Suitable containers are cardboard containers of the general character employed for packing pills and tablets in the pharmaceutical industry. It is of course important that the container should burn away to leave little or no residue which might contaminate the cast metal.
  • the follOWing are examples of gel additives for use in the method of the invention. Percentages given are by weight.
  • Example II Naphthalene 45 Kerosene 45 Aluminium napthenate
  • Example III Naphthalene 40 Turpentine 55 Aluminium naphthenate 5
  • Example IV Naphthalene Petrosyn C2 8 Kerosene 71 Aluminium octoate 3 Aluminium salt of 2-ethyl hexoic acid 3
  • Example V Petrosyn C2 14 Solvent naphtha Kerosene 2 Aluminium stearate 4 Recommended additions are as follows: for ingots up to 500 lbs. 2-4 oz. per ton; for ingots of 500 lbs. to 5 tons, 4-10 02. per ton.
  • the required quantity of the gel composition is placed in the bottom of the metal ingot mould and ignited. It is immaterial whether the mould is cold or warm at this time.
  • the ignition may be effected before the molten metal is poured into the mould so that the mould, when the metal is tapped, already has the required carbon deposit, and this method of procedure is generally preferable.
  • the ignition of the gel composition may, in an alternative procedure, be effected by the molten metal itself in the pouring operation.
  • the gel composition burns the mould is filled with its vapours and/or the vapours of its decomposition products and an adherent carbon deposit is formed on the walls.
  • the disadvantages peculiar to the previously known dressings are avoided, i.e. there is no possibility of inclusions in the cast steel deriving from the additive and there is no slag of any sort remaining on the surface of the cast metal. There is little or no fume problem.
  • the simplicity of application compared to normal methods of applying mould dressing is a distinct advantage; thus there is no equipment needed to apply the product, thus avoiding capital cost and maintenance, and there is a reduction in labour costs.
  • the surface quality of the ingot obtained is much less dependent on human factors.
  • the coating applied to the mould surface by the method of this invention also functions as a mould release agent and it preserves the surface of the mould thus prolonging its active life.
  • said material being selected from the group consisting of polynuclear hydrocarbons, resorcinol, hydroquinone, alpha-naphthol, beta-naphthol, anthraquinone, quinol, pentaerythritol, glycerol esters of resins, terpenes, phenolformaldehyde resins, copal, alphenaphthylamine and aminoanthraquinones, (2) an inflammable liquid solvent, and (3) a gelling agent for said inflammable liquid solvent in a quantity sufiicient to render said composition into gel form, and igniting the said gel composition to cause it to deposit carbon on the walls of the mould and generate in the mould a non-oxidising non-corrosive atmosphere, said gel composition being placed in the mould in a discrete mass other than a mould coating.
  • a method for applying a coating to metal mould walls which comprises igniting near the bottom of said mould a quantity of an ignitable gel composition comprising three ingredients, (1) a material in an amount effective upon being burned in the mould to generate a non-oxidising non-corrosive atmosphere in the mould and a protective carbon deposit on the walls of the mould, said material being selected from the group consisting of polynuclear hydrocarbons, resorcinol, hydroquinone, alpha-naphthol, beta-naphthol, anthraquinone, quinol, pentaerythritol, glycerol esters of resins, terpenes, phenolformaldehyde resins, copal, alpha-naphthylamine and aminoanthraquinones, (2) an inflammable liquid solvent, and (3) a geling agent for said inflammable liquid solvent in a quantity sufficient to render said composition into gel form, to thereby deposit carbon on the walls of the mould and generate
  • gelling agent is selected from the class consisting of aluminum stearate, aluminum naphthenate, aluminum octoate and aluminum 2-ethy1 hexoate and alkyl ammonium montmorillonite.
  • composition is ignited by pouring said molten metal into said mould.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
US608239A 1964-11-06 1966-10-26 Method of coating metal mould walls Expired - Lifetime US3407865A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4459664A GB1114258A (en) 1964-11-06 1964-11-06 Production of ingots
US473816A US3322518A (en) 1964-11-06 1965-07-21 Production of ingots
FR36911A FR1451906A (fr) 1965-07-21 1965-11-02 Perfectionnements apportés à la production de lingots de métaux et alliages

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4459664A GB1114258A (en) 1964-11-06 1964-11-06 Production of ingots

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3407865A true US3407865A (en) 1968-10-29

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US608239A Expired - Lifetime US3407865A (en) 1964-11-06 1966-10-26 Method of coating metal mould walls

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3407865A (es)
AT (1) AT260443B (es)
BE (1) BE671670A (es)
BR (1) BR6574467D0 (es)
DE (1) DE1297817B (es)
ES (1) ES319174A1 (es)
SE (1) SE302828B (es)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978908A (en) * 1975-01-06 1976-09-07 Research Corporation Method of die casting metals
US7030066B1 (en) 2001-11-12 2006-04-18 Charles Piskoti Wetting composition for high temperature metal surfaces, and method of making the same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD229278A3 (de) * 1983-12-23 1985-10-30 Grunhain Elektromotorenwerk Druckgussverfahren fuer leichtmetalle und deren legierungen

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2050375A (en) * 1933-10-18 1936-08-11 American Smelting Refining Casting copper and copper alloys
US2245651A (en) * 1940-09-11 1941-06-17 Linde Air Prod Co Mold coating
US2885360A (en) * 1951-09-08 1959-05-05 Minerals & Chemicals Corp Of A Clay bodied organic liquids and a process for the preparation thereof
US2901361A (en) * 1956-09-06 1959-08-25 Allied Asphalt & Mineral Corp Mold release agent
US2923041A (en) * 1956-06-18 1960-02-02 Nalco Chemical Co Mold release agents for use in die casting
GB847723A (en) * 1958-05-29 1960-09-14 Nat Res Dev Improvements in or relating to parting agent compositions
GB954723A (en) * 1962-04-25 1964-04-08 Foseco Int A dressing for moulds used in the production of metal castings and ingots
GB986422A (en) * 1961-05-02 1965-03-17 Foseco Int Production of cast iron castings

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE641021C (de) * 1935-06-02 1937-01-19 Alexander Reichenberger Glaeserspuelvorrichtung
FR1241642A (fr) * 1958-11-29 1960-09-16 Noirs pour moules et noyaux de fonderie

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2050375A (en) * 1933-10-18 1936-08-11 American Smelting Refining Casting copper and copper alloys
US2245651A (en) * 1940-09-11 1941-06-17 Linde Air Prod Co Mold coating
US2885360A (en) * 1951-09-08 1959-05-05 Minerals & Chemicals Corp Of A Clay bodied organic liquids and a process for the preparation thereof
US2923041A (en) * 1956-06-18 1960-02-02 Nalco Chemical Co Mold release agents for use in die casting
US2901361A (en) * 1956-09-06 1959-08-25 Allied Asphalt & Mineral Corp Mold release agent
GB847723A (en) * 1958-05-29 1960-09-14 Nat Res Dev Improvements in or relating to parting agent compositions
GB986422A (en) * 1961-05-02 1965-03-17 Foseco Int Production of cast iron castings
GB954723A (en) * 1962-04-25 1964-04-08 Foseco Int A dressing for moulds used in the production of metal castings and ingots

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3978908A (en) * 1975-01-06 1976-09-07 Research Corporation Method of die casting metals
US7030066B1 (en) 2001-11-12 2006-04-18 Charles Piskoti Wetting composition for high temperature metal surfaces, and method of making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES319174A1 (es) 1966-04-16
BE671670A (es)
BR6574467D0 (pt) 1973-02-15
AT260443B (de) 1968-03-11
SE302828B (es) 1968-08-05
DE1297817B (de) 1969-06-19

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