US3396024A - Photographic silver halide multilayer material for correcting inadequate contrast - Google Patents

Photographic silver halide multilayer material for correcting inadequate contrast Download PDF

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Publication number
US3396024A
US3396024A US357711A US35771164A US3396024A US 3396024 A US3396024 A US 3396024A US 357711 A US357711 A US 357711A US 35771164 A US35771164 A US 35771164A US 3396024 A US3396024 A US 3396024A
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layer
light
blue
silver halide
sensitive
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US357711A
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Hellmig Ehrhard
Moll Franz
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Agfa Gevaert NV
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Agfa AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/46—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein having more than one photosensitive layer

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  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention relates to a multilayer light-sensitive photographic material which under the same conditions of development provides images of equal gradation, independently of the type of light used on exposure.
  • the gradation of the blue filter separation record produced with blue light is always considerably softer than the gradation of the green filter or red filter separation. Since all three color separation records must have the same gradation for technical reproduction reasons, it is necessary to develop them in different ways, either the green and red filter separation records being processed for a shorter time or the blue filter separation record for a longer time. This fact is extremely inconvenient in practice and it is particularly disadvantageous in connection with automatic processing which is being increasingly introduced, since in this type of processing it is only possible for all color separation records to be treated in similar manner.
  • the magnitude of the differences in the gradations of the three color separation records with normal commercial panchromatic films is illustrated by a typical material in which the gamma of the blue filter separation record after a development time of 4 minutes is 0.8, where as the green filter separation record reaches the same gamma in a development time of 1 minute and the red filter separation record reaches this value in an even shorter time.
  • a satisfactory color set cannot be produced under such varying development conditions. If it is desired to produce a gamma of 1.2 with this material the red filter record must be developed for 2 minutes and the green for 4 minutes. With blue light, the required gamma of 1.2 cannot be produced at all, since gamma only amounts to 3,396,024 Patented Aug.
  • This material comprises at least two silver halide emulsion layers coated on a common support, one of said layers being spectrally sensitized and having a lower gamma response to light out of first regions of the spectrum as compared with the gamma response to light out of second regions of the spectrum, the other of said layers being sensitive only to light out of said first regions of the spectrum having the same speed as the spectrally sensitized layer when exposed to this light and having a gamma response which is essentially equal to the difference between the gamma response of said spectrally sensitized layer to light out of said first and said second regions of the spectrum, said material having essentially the same gamma response to light out of ditferent regions of the spectrum for which said spectrally sensitized layer is sensitive.
  • This material is therefore a twolayer film, comprising as sole light-sensitive layers a panchromatic silver halide emulsion layer, i.e., a layer spectrally sensitized for the green and red third of the spectrumand by its nature sensitive to light of the blue third of the spectrum, and a second silver halide emulsion layer which is only blue-sensitive.
  • the layer thickness of the second layer depends on how strongly the gamma response of the upper layer differs with respect to its gamma response to blue light and its gamma response to green and red light. It is obvious that a small difference in gamma is to be corrected by a comparatively thin bluesensitive layer, whereas a comparatively thick blue-sensitive layer is necessary for correcting a large difference in gammas.
  • the layer thickness best suited to the actual case can be easily established by a few experiments.
  • the two light-sensitive layers can be arranged either on the same side or on opposite sides of the support. In the latter case, the support must of course be transparent. In all cases, the arrangement of the layers which is to be preferred is that in which the layer to be corrected faces the light source and therefore the correcting layer faces away from the light source. However, it is also possible to use the opposite layer sequence.
  • the panchromatically sensitized layer is advantageously the uppermost layer when the layers are arranged on one side, the blue-sensitive layer (correcting layer) being arranged therebeneath as the layer adjacent the support.
  • the photographic material according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of color separation records.
  • color separation records generally three namely the green, red and blue filter records
  • color separation records are, pursuant to the present invention, obtained with practically identical gradation. In this way, it becomes possible for the processing operator to produce satisfactory color sets by the simplest possible means and in the last possible time.
  • FIGURE 1 represents a cross-section of a normal commercial panchromatic silver halide film.
  • T is a transparent support
  • S is a panchromatic silver halide emulsion layer
  • A is an antihalation layer.
  • the density curves for this material after exposure to blue light (12), green light (g) and red light (1') and development under the same conditions are shown in FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 3 represents a preferred form of the material according to the invention.
  • the material of FIGURE 1 now is combined with a second silver halide emulsion layer S which in this case is arranged between the panchromatic layer S and the support T and which is only blue-sensitive.
  • FIGURE 4 The gradations of the two-layer material on exposure to blue, green and red light are shown in FIGURE 4. There is no change from FIGURE 2 as regards the gamma response to green and red light, since the layer S is not sensitive to green and red light, is therefore not affected, and consequently contributes nothing to their density. However, when exposed to blue light, the layer S is also exposed, which leads to an increase of the gamma response to this light, so that now all three gammas have essentially the same values.
  • the photographic material according to the invention can be produced in the usual manner, for example, in accordance with the following general data:
  • An emulsion prepared by one of the conventional methods is applied to the usual transparent film supports of glass, cellulose esters, polystyrene, polycarbonates or polyesters of terephthalic acid and glycols.
  • the emulsion may be ripened up to maximum sensitivity after addition of chemical sensitizers, such as sulphur compounds of the thiosulphate or thiosinamine type, and noble metals such as gold, palladium, ruthenium.
  • Onium salts for example, ammonium, sulphonium and phosphonium salts, as well as polyethylene oxides, can also be added for increasing the sensitivity.
  • the emulsion Prior to casting, the emulsion also has added thereto in the usual Way wetting agents, for example saponin, stabilizers against storage fogging, such as 5-methyl-7-hydroxy-1,3,4-triazoindolizine, as well as spectral sensitizers, e.g., cyanines or merocyanines.
  • Way wetting agents for example saponin
  • stabilizers against storage fogging such as 5-methyl-7-hydroxy-1,3,4-triazoindolizine
  • spectral sensitizers e.g., cyanines or merocyanines.
  • the sensitivity of a layer is lowered if a second light-sensitive layer is arranged above it, since this second layer obviously absorbs light. Consequently, it would be necessary to select for the layer facing away from the light source an emulsion which would have a higher sensitivity to the light to which both layers are sensitive; in the combination of the present invention this layer facing away from the light is the one which is only blue-sensitive.
  • panchromatic color separation record films must have the highest sensitivity which can be achieved, it is not possible under the given conditions (e.g., of graininess and gradation) to find a layer which is more highly sensitive than the layer facing the light source. Accordingly, a lowering of the sensitivity would be associated with the use of the process according to the invention, whereby the value of such a process would be quite considerably reduced.
  • the light sensitivity of the material according to the invention is maintained if both layers, each measured separately, have the same sensitivity in the common spectral sensitivity region. This condition is, in particular, satisfied if the same emulsion is used for both layers, only one being spectrally sensitized and the other not. Thus the highest sensitivity which is reached with the panchromatic layer is still maintained.
  • the present invention is not limited to the examples described. Instead of a panchromatic emulsion, whose gamma response to blue light is too low and has in consequence to be increased by a correcting layer, it is also possible to use an orthochromatic layer having an insufficient gamma response to blue light. On the other hand, it may be necessary in certain cases to increase the steepness of the gradation for a type of light other than blue light, e.g., for green light. In such a case the correcting layer must only be green-sensitive and the natural blue sensitivity of the correcting layer must be suppressed by known means, such as by a dyeing with yellow dyestuff which is removed by the processing baths (e.g.
  • the ditfering gamma response to three types of light e.g., to blue, green and red light
  • the ditfering gamma response to three types of light e.g., to blue, green and red light
  • the ditfering gamma response to three types of light e.g., to blue, green and red light
  • the ditfering gamma response to three types of light e.g., to blue, green and red light
  • the gamma responses of a panchromatic reproduction film to blue, green and red light are 0.8, 1.1 and 1.3
  • the gamma response to green light is raised by 0.2 and simultaneously to blue light by 0.15.
  • the two-layer color film therefore has the gammas 0.95, 1.3 and 1.3.
  • the total gamma response to blue light is raised from 0.95 to 1.3, so that the film now has the same gammas of 1.3 in all three regions of the spectrum.
  • the process is not restricted to the visible spectrum.
  • the said spectral regions can also lie in other regions to Whose radiation the film is sensitive, more especially in the ultraviolet or in the infrared regions.
  • Example A gelatine-silver bromoiodide emulsion (the silver salt of which contains 2.5 mol percent of silver iodide, the silver-gelatine ratio of which is 1:0.85, the speed and gamma being those of an emulsion ordinarily used for the preparation of color separation record films) is divided into two portions (A and B).
  • Portion A is cast without spectral sensitizers on to a polycarbonate support which is 0.2 mm. thick and which carries a subbing layer. On the other side, the support is provided with a dark green antihalation layer with a thickness of 10 microns.
  • the layer thickness of the light-sensitive layer after drying is 4 microns and it has 2.5 g. of Ag/mF.
  • the portion B of the emulsion is cast on to this first layer, and the said portion B, in contrast to portion A, also has added spectral sensitizers for the green and red third of the spectrum.
  • the layer thickness of the second layer after drying is 8 microns and it has 4.95 g. of Ag/m. The total thickness of the two layers is therefore 12 microns and the total silver coating is 7.4 g. of Ag/m.
  • the gradation of the two-layer film, developed for 5 minutes in the said developer, after exposure with strictly blue light (Agfa Reprofilter No. 352), with strictly green light (Agfa Reprofilter No. 54L) and with strictly red light (Agfa Reprofilter No. 45L) is- Material according to the invention:
  • a light-sensitive photographic material for separately making blue, green and red high quality continuous tone color separation records
  • a light-sensitive photographic material for directly making separate high quality continuous tone color separation records for all colors
  • panchromatic layer alone provides inadequate contrast for blue and green color separation records and the emulsion layers include an orthochromatic emulsion that brings up the contrast of both the blue and the green color separation records.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US357711A 1963-04-20 1964-04-06 Photographic silver halide multilayer material for correcting inadequate contrast Expired - Lifetime US3396024A (en)

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DEA0042928 1963-04-20

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US (1) US3396024A (de)
BE (1) BE646758A (de)
CH (1) CH442978A (de)
DE (1) DE1447568A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1029697A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2326617A1 (de) * 1972-05-31 1973-12-20 Agfa Gevaert Ag Verbessertes roentgenmaterial mit verstaerkerschirm
US3888676A (en) * 1973-08-27 1975-06-10 Du Pont Silver halide films with wide exposure latitude and low gradient
US3977872A (en) * 1970-04-18 1976-08-31 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Process for the production of negative continuous-tone images
US4118228A (en) * 1975-07-26 1978-10-03 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Photographic materials suited for the production of color separations
US4230795A (en) * 1979-04-26 1980-10-28 Donald Krause Multipart photosensitive element with both fixed contrast and variable contrast part records
CN104853062A (zh) * 2015-03-18 2015-08-19 友达光电股份有限公司 影像修正方法与影像修正装置

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1910877A (en) * 1930-02-12 1933-05-23 Agfa Ansco Corp Tri-pack for use in color photography
US1994627A (en) * 1930-12-11 1935-03-19 Agfa Ansco Corp Filmpack for multicolor photography

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1910877A (en) * 1930-02-12 1933-05-23 Agfa Ansco Corp Tri-pack for use in color photography
US1994627A (en) * 1930-12-11 1935-03-19 Agfa Ansco Corp Filmpack for multicolor photography

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3977872A (en) * 1970-04-18 1976-08-31 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Process for the production of negative continuous-tone images
DE2326617A1 (de) * 1972-05-31 1973-12-20 Agfa Gevaert Ag Verbessertes roentgenmaterial mit verstaerkerschirm
US3888676A (en) * 1973-08-27 1975-06-10 Du Pont Silver halide films with wide exposure latitude and low gradient
US4118228A (en) * 1975-07-26 1978-10-03 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Photographic materials suited for the production of color separations
US4230795A (en) * 1979-04-26 1980-10-28 Donald Krause Multipart photosensitive element with both fixed contrast and variable contrast part records
CN104853062A (zh) * 2015-03-18 2015-08-19 友达光电股份有限公司 影像修正方法与影像修正装置
CN104853062B (zh) * 2015-03-18 2017-12-26 友达光电股份有限公司 影像修正方法与影像修正装置

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Publication number Publication date
GB1029697A (en) 1966-05-18
CH442978A (de) 1967-08-31
BE646758A (de) 1964-10-20
DE1447568A1 (de) 1969-02-13

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