Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/10—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by using carbon paper or the like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J31/00—Ink ribbons; Renovating or testing ink ribbons
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249994—Composite having a component wherein a constituent is liquid or is contained within preformed walls [e.g., impregnant-filled, previously void containing component, etc.]
  • Y10T428/249995—Constituent is in liquid form
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
  • Y10T428/249994—Composite having a component wherein a constituent is liquid or is contained within preformed walls [e.g., impregnant-filled, previously void containing component, etc.]
  • Y10T428/249995—Constituent is in liquid form
  • Y10T428/249996—Ink in pores
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
  • Y10T428/31728—Next to second layer of polyamide
  • Y10T428/31732—At least one layer is nylon type

Definitions

• a supported transfer medium such as a typewriter ribbon has a transfer layer of a porou resin matrix containing ink in the pores which is expressable under the pressure of a type die.
• the strength and cut resistance of the ribbon is increased by coating a polymer backing layer onto the transfer layer which contains a complexing filler such as channel black which tends to cros link the polymer filller layer into a continuum.
• This invention concerns typewriter ribbons in which a resinous transfer medium layer holds fluid marking material in voids and also in which the transfer layer is structurally supported on one side by a supporting composition especially suited to the needs of typing.
• a complexing filler is one which links with bond-like attractions to the resin of the mixture.
• a complete network is formed, but not a mechanical one with rigid dimensions. The combination is strong, but yields to a. type die rather than being cut by the type die.
• Carbon black has been discovered to be a desirable complexing filler for use in this invention. The activity of carbon black in a chemical matrix is thought to depend upon unique surface characteristics of the carbon black, but as with most chemical developments the postulation of a mechanism is not particularly helpful, and reliance must primarily be placed upon careful experimentation.
• the resinous material used is a polyamide. Regardless of the added difiiculties and expenses incurred by using and processing a polyamide such as nylon, the strength of nylon is significant as compared to that of most other available resins.
• the final ribbon produced can be quite thin, a highly desirable design criterion for all typewriter ribbons since typewriter ribbons are carried on the typewriter in the limited space provided.
• An extremely thin ribbon reinforced as herein described results in a typewriter ribbon of significant economic importance since a large writing capability is provided in a small storage space in the typewriter.
• INK MIXTURE Component By wt. percent Carbon black with die precipitate (1686-Paul Uhlich Co.) 6 Carbon black with die precipitate (2451L-Paul Uhlich Co.) Nigrosine oleate (DS2183) 63 Methyl violet base 3 Mixed fatty acid esters (Ohopex R9-Ohio Apex The ink dispersion is obtained by use of the 5xl2-inch three-roll dispersion mill manufactured by the I. H. Day Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. In this device, mixtures are poured to the feed roll and they exit from the take-off roll.
• the transfer layer filler is also beneficial to mix the transfer layer filler into the ink mixture.
• the filler is technically a part of the transfer layer solution since the entire ink and transfer layer are dispersed together and upon evaporation of the solvent, as described below, the tiller remains mixed with the resin of the transfer layer in significant amounts. Some of this filler also may exist loose in the pores of the transfer layer resin.
• the graphite is added to the above milled ink mixture immediately after the ink mixture has been completely dissolved. Two additional passes are then made through the above described 3-inch by 12-inch three-roll dispersion mill, with the input roll at 200 lbs. pressure and the output roll at 250 lbs. pressure. When this is properly performed, the ink mixture with graphite is permanently mixed and will not settle for an indefinite period of time.
• a transfer layer solution is compounded.
• the transfer layer solution is later applied on a temporary substrate in the known manner, after which application the solvents are driven off and the final product partially obtained.
• the transfer layer solution consists of the following parts.
• TRANSFER LAYER SOLUTION Component Proportions, grams Nylon (Zytel 61) 450 Graphite (007-S) 450 Ink mixture (as above specified) 900 Denatured ethyl alcohol (Jaysol) 3,680
• This combination is vigorously mixed in a Cowles dissolver while the heat is maintained for about tfive minutes. The heat is turned off and the mixture is continued to be agitated by the Cowles dissolver for 30 to 40 minutes while the entire bucket cools to room temperature. The entire quantity of the above described graphite and ink mixture is added after the cooling is accomplished, and this combination is further mixed with the Cowles dissolver for not less than 15 minutes. Dispersion in this manner completes the compounding of the transfer layer mixture.
• the third mixture used in compounding this typewriter ribbon is the support layer mixture.
• the support layer mixture is made up primarily of nylon and a properly selected filler, preferably channel black.
• the support layer mixture is composed as follows:
• SUPPORT LAYER MIXTURE Components Parts by wt. Nylon (Zytel 61) 1.5 Denatured alcohol (Jaysol) 12.0 Water 3.0 Channel black (Mogul SCabot Co.) 0.5
• the manner of compounding the support layer mixture initially is similar to that for compounding the transfer layer mixture.
• the alcohol and water are first mixed together in a receptacle and heated to approximately degrees F.
• the nylon is added and mixing is carried on with a Cowles dissolver for about five minutes with heat applied and for 30 to 40 minutes as the mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature.
• the channel black may be added any time after the nylon has been dissolved. Proper wetting and mixing of the carbon black is essential, and this is obtained by use of a homogenizer.
• the device used is a 15 M8BA SMDSer. N0. 1230586606, a product of the Manton-Gaulin Manufacturing Co., Inc., Everett, Mass.
• the homogenizer circulates a fluid mixture through a needle valve arrangement,
• the mixture in which the mixture is forced through an opening and opposed by a needle, the fluid mixture being thus dispersed as it exits in the shape of a disk.
• the mixture later settles and is collected. Two passes are made through this homogenizer to complete the compounding of the support layer mixture.
• the gage is kept between 4,500 and 5,000 to achieve a balance between a maximum mixing and breaking up of agglomerates in the mixture and, on the other hand, a reduced possibility of exceeding allowable operating pressures within the machine by allowing too much pressure to build up at the mixing location in the homogenizer.
• the process of applying the mixtures and driving off the solvents to produce the typewriter ribbon is much similar to that described in the above referenced application Ser. No. 171,188.
• First the transfer layer mixture is placed in a roll coater basin in which an applicator roller of a reversed roll coating applicator is situated.
• a temporary substrate made of polyethylene terephthalate is played out through the roll coater while the applicator roller applies the transfer medium layer to the temporary substrate.
• the mechanism leads to a drying oven with appropriate exhaust fans.
• a complete pass in which a layer of transfer medium is applied to the polyethylene terephthalate film and dried completely.
• the polyethylene terephthalate film is collected in a roll at the terminal location of the drier.
• the roll of polyethylene terephthalate with the cured transfer medium is placed in the playout position of the solvent coating apparatus.
• the basin is then filled with the support layer mixture above described.
• the entire operation is repeated with the applicator roller of the coating applicator this time applying the support layer.
• the polyethylene terephthalate feeds into the evaporating ovens where the fabrication is completed by the expulsion of solvent from the support layer.
• a roll of polyethylene terephthalate substrate containing bulk quantities of the completed ribbon exists.
• the ribbon can be stripped from the substrate and slit and rolled into typewriter ribbons.
• Test runs are made to obtain the thicknesses desired.
• the amount of material applied to the temporary polyethylene terephthalate substrate is fundamentally controlled by the small cleaning roller located on the applicator roller at a point prior to the point at which the applicator roller contacts the substrate. Different tension on this, along with such factors as ambient temperature and minor changes in viscosity of the mixtures, allows the final coatings obtained to be varied.
• a test run coating is made and the result is weighed or otherwise observed. This establishes that the thickness is that desired. If the thickness is not correct, the cleaning roll is changed in position or minor modification may be made in the mixture by a technique such as allowing some evaporation to occur.
• test runs are first made and the proper factors are determined so that the dry transfer layer is from 0.0006 inch to 0.002 inch thick and the dry support layer is from 0.0001 to 0.001 inch thick.
• the two layers are separate, but bonded together in the final product.
• Each layer is of relatively uniform thickness within the above described limits. The actual thickness is selected in accordance with the intended use of the ribbon; maximum reuse, for example, being achieved by an increase in the thickness of both layers.
• a thinner ribbon is most useful to achieve superior print quality at the cost of some decrease in ribbon life.
• the use of water in addition to denatured ethyl alcohol in the solvent phase of the support layer mixture is significant in that the water changes the solvating characteristics of the mixture in the proper direction so that ink is not leached from the transfer medium layer to the support layer. Transfer of ink into the support layer would weaken the support layer and also waste ink and dirty the type die during typing.
• the final preferred product contains two layers, the transfer layer and the support layer.
• the transfer layer has two opposite sides, one of which is bonded to the support layer, while the second side is unobstructed.
• a type die impacts the support layer to thereby express the ink mixture from the unobstructed side of the transfer layer onto paper or other receptive material.
• the ink mixture exists normally in the pores of the transfer layer where it is held as globules.
• the channel black is the complexing filler.
• Other fillers such as wood flour, may act as reinforcing fillers, but they may not be complexing fillers as defined by this invention.
• the salient feature of the complexing filler is that it links with the resin used with bonds of the inter-molecular type. These bonds may be an weak as Van de Waals forces, but they have distinct characteristics different from mechanical interconnections.
• Complexing fillers may differ with the different resins used to practice the invention. Proper complexing fillers are found, however, in accordance with the teachings of this invention, following routine experimentation.
• the molecular-type bonds of a complexing filler modify the characteristics of the solidified resin and filler phase.
• a complexing filler tends to cross-link the entire resin and filler phase into a continum.
• the ductility of the product is different from that which would be predicted on the basis of a mechanical linking of the elements.
• the ductility of a nylon-graphite sheet for example, was found to be about 7 times that of a comparable nylon-channel black sheet at load levels below and up to the point at which the nylon-graphite sheet stretched somewhat more than 100 percent. Examination of this can be made by stretch tests and graphical plots of the results.
• the solubility characteristics of a resin-complexing filler phase are shifted from that of resin.
• a nyloncarbon black layer for example, is significantly less soluble in denatured ethyl alcohol than pure nylon. Measurement of this shift in solubility can be accomplished with state of the art techniques to thereby determine the existance of a complexing filler.
• a supported transfer medium comprising:
• a transfer layer having two opposite sides comprised of a resin having a plurality of pores at least partially filled with globules of transfer ink
• a supporting composition bonded to one of said sides of said transfer layer, said supporting composition being comprised of a polyamide and also being comprised of an amount of carbon black sufficient to link with said polyamide to form a matrix of bonds so that said supporting composition is reinforced and yieldable to sharp edges of an impacting type die.
• a supported transfer medium comprising:
• a transfer layer having two opposite sides comprised of a resin having a plurality of pores at least partially filled with globules of transfer ink and also comprlsed of a reinforcing filler dispersed through the transfer layer, and
• said supporting composition being comprised of a polyamide and also being comprised of an amount of carbon black sufficient to 1111K with said polyamide to form a matrix of bonds so that said supporting composition is reinforced and yieldable to sharp edges of an impacting type die.
• a transfer layer having two opposite sides comprised of a resin having a plurality of pores at least partially filled with globules of transfer ink
• a supporting layer bonded to one of said sides of said transfer layer, said supporting layer being comprlsed of a polyamide and also being comprised of an amount of carbon black sufficient to link said polyamide to form a matrix of bonds so that said supporting layer is reinforced and yieldable to sharp edges of and impacting type die.
• a supported transfer medium comprising:
• a transfer layer having two opposite sides comprised of a resin having a plurality of pores at least partially filled with globules of transfer ink and also comprised of a reinforcing filler dispersed through the transfer layer, and
• said supporting layer being comprised of a polyamide and also being comprised of an amount of carbon black sufficient to link said polyamide to form a matrix of bonds so that said supporting layer is reinforced and yieldable to sharp edges of an impacting type die.
• a supported transfer medium comprising:
• a transfer layer having two opposite side comprised of nylon having a plurality of pores at least partially filled with globules of transfer ink and also comprised of a reinforcing filler dispersed through the transfer layer, and
• a supporting layer bonded to one of said sides of said transfer layer, said supporting layer being comprised of nylon and also being comprised of an amount of carbon black sufiicient to link with Said nylon to form a matrix of bonds so that said supporting layer is re- 7 8 inforced and yieldable to sharp edges of an impacting 3,287,153 11/1966 Schwarz et a1 11736.1 type die. 3,324,072 6/1967 Brignac 260-37 10.

Landscapes

• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
• Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Impression-Transfer Materials And Handling Thereof (AREA)

Priority Applications (9)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23700841

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (9)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (7)

• 1965
  • 1965-01-25 US US428892A patent/US3392042A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1965-12-27 BE BE674336D patent/BE674336A/xx unknown
• 1966
  • 1966-01-03 FR FR44583A patent/FR1462703A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1966-01-04 GB GB254/66A patent/GB1085503A/en not_active Expired
  • 1966-01-11 CH CH40466A patent/CH459272A/de unknown
  • 1966-01-18 DE DE1571893A patent/DE1571893C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1966-01-21 ES ES0322066A patent/ES322066A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1966-01-25 SE SE918/66A patent/SE322530B/xx unknown
  • 1966-01-25 NL NL6600911A patent/NL6600911A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (7)

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