Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/10—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by using carbon paper or the like
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
  • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
  • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
  • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
  • Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31801—Of wax or waxy material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Definitions

• a transfer medium is suitable for typing on smooth surfaces which have substantially no minute voids or openings, such as translucent or transparent plastics.
• the transfer medium includes a substrate coated with a transfer layer which layer is pressure sensitive and comprises a major portion of a pigment material, such as carbon black and minor proportions of wax and resin which resin is a pressure sensitive adhesive, such as solid, normally tacky silicone resins.
• the pressure sensitive adhesive causes the material to firmly adhere to the smooth surface upon transfer by a type die.
• This invention relates to the art of transfer mediums, particularly typewriter ribbons. More particularly, the invention provides a transfer medium for typing on nonreceptive surfaces such as transparent plastic surfaces.
• This invention is concerned in particular with typing on relatively smooth substrates having substantially no minute voids or openings.
• substrates are generally a translucent or transparent plastic such as polyethylene glycol terephthalate, and it is the translucency or transparency of the substrate which is generally the beneficial property in its use.
• the typed figures on the transparent substrate can be used as desired in optical systems.
• Transparent substrates carrying typed intelligence may be used in the television broadcasting industry along with magnifying and projecting optics to display a text on a screen for reading by television commentators and performers.
• Another utilization definitely contemplated is the typing of lettering on inexpensive translucent sheets which will also carry figures drawn by conventional drafting techniques. Copies would be made as required with the use of conventional copying techniques.
• transparent or translucent substrates carrying typed intelligence could be used as a part of an information storage system in which the substrates are processed through the powerful ultraviolet optics now generally required to produce inexpensive, diazoniurn copies.
• binding materials and the coloring matter used are therefore limited to the point that a good, commercially acceptable print is probably unattainable with the use of the prior art.
• many of the imaging materials used in the prior art tend to decompose under the influence of light or other actinic radiation.
• At least one prior art teaching includes the use of a solvent which is a partial solvent for the substrate. The problem of graining would persist, however, with only the base layer being strongly held by interlocking molecules resulting from the drying of the solvent.
• the object of this invention is to create a practical and economic transfer medium for use with non-receptive surfaces.
• This invention differs from the prior art by its use of a dry transfer medium designed after careful study of the system in which it will be used.
• the use of a dry transfer medium initially creates problems having to do with complete and permanent transfer during printing. These problems have been solved, however, in accordance with this invention.
• the resulting product has long life under extreme environmental factors, the product is operative with conventional typewriters without the addition of a single accessory for use with the product, the product may be formulated carrying imaging material of virtually any shade, color, and texture; and the product provides an instantaneous, finished write which has good image definition and quality.
• the product is also economically attractive in regard to cost of fabrication, cost of materials, and cost of handling.
• a transfer layer is compounded which consists of a colored material of significant internal strength which is pressure sensitive and responds to significant pressures to become tacky in the manner of a pressure sensitive adhesive.
• the coloring is supplied by conventional imaging materials such as carbon black while the pressure sensitive properties are supplied by a material which answers these properties and will carry and be largely colored by the conventional imaging materials. Large amounts of carbon black can be incorporated in the transfer layer in accordance with the preferred aspects of this invention to thereby achieve excellent write quality.
• the preferred embodiment of this invention is a typewriter ribbon for use in typing upon any one of several transparent plastic materials, Light-fast carbon black is used as the imaging material in preference to less stable dyes.
• the product is dry and not tacky or sticky under normal handling and use conditions.
• the preferred substrate of the typewriter ribbon is a low cost, polyethylene film which is smooth, continuous, and nonporous.
• the product is fabricated by solvent coating techniques. Bulk quantities of a solvated and dispersed mixture of the transfer layer are directly applied to bulk quantities of 00005-00006 inch thick polyethylene film in quantitles such that the thickness of the final transfer layer is a preselected thickness which preferably may be within the limits of 0.00025 to 0.00050 inch thick.
• the transfer layer mixture is as follows:
• channel black in addition to its excellent imaging properties, reduces the internal strength of the transfer layer to thereby allow fracture and transfer.
• channel black is a finely divided, deep black solid.
• the dye precipitate modifies the color and color tone of the carbon black as is well known in the transfer medium art.
• the imaging material is at least two-thirds (66 /3 percent) by weight of the transfer layer.
• the ouricury wax in the above formula is a component added to prevent flaking and to reduce the internal strength of the transfer layer.
• Ouricury wax is hard, solid, and dry, but it will fracture upon impact with a type die to permit severing of the solid transfer layer along the edges of a type die.
• a balance must be obtained in this preferred embodiment to achieve reduction in internal strength of the transfer layer to thereby permit fracture and transfer along the salients of a type die, and yet to provide a transfer medium which does not flake during normal bending and twisting.
• a blend of 80 percent pigment and 20 percent wax results in a transfer medium which does not flake; however, the transfer medium also does not transfer to non-receptive substrates.
• a blend of 90 percent pigment and percent silicone transfers satisfactorily, but the flaking during normal handling is at a level generally undesirable and the definition of the printed image is also at a level generally undesirable.
• the wax binds together the entire transfer layer to prevent flaking under normal handling and ribbon feed conditions and the wax also lowers the internal, cohesive strength of the transfer layer to provide better definition of the fracture of the transfer layer along the lines defined by the salients of a type die.
• Tests indicate that the wax may vary from 2 to 10 parts by weight as against 80 parts carbon black. The characteristics supplied by substantial amounts of the wax negatives the pressure sensitive properties desired for the transfer layer as a whole. Formulations similar to the above, but containing wax at greater than 10 parts, display a reduction in the ability of the transfer layer to be transferred to a plastic substrate material.
• other hard, waxy substances are considered substantially equivalent to ouricury wax, including but not limited to: phenolic resins, carnauba wax, candellila wax, sugar cane wax.
• the silicone resins are the basic ingredients which provides the necessary pressure sensitive properties.
• the two resins used do not differ greatly. Both are used in the preferred formula, but it is believed that the use of 10 parts of either resin would be entirely satisfactory for most applications.
• Silicon solids tend not to form crystalline structures, as is evidenced particularly by silicon glass. It is this quasi-amorphous nature which appears to be active in this invention.
• Under the influence of a type die the silicone resin spreads and tightly covers the substrate at areas corresponding to the salient portions of the type die. The silicone tends to wet most substances, and this wetting action further defines a complete, smooth outline of the salient portions of the type die.
• an important feature of this invention is in the transfer layer provided being solid and dry. Even though the silicones used are normally tacky when dry, the materials added modify these properties to a level at which the combination is not sticky under normal handling and operating pressures.
• a typewriter ribbon made in accordance with this invention therefore can be wound in the conventional spool and can be fed by conventional ribbon feed structures. Under the high pressures generated by an impacting type die, the characteristics of a pressure sensitive adhesive appear, and the typed images permanently adhere to normally non-receptive sur faces.
• Fabrication of the ribbon is with a solvent coater of the type well known commercially.
• the machine has an applicator roll which is partly immersed in a pan holding the fluid mixture.
• the applicator roll carries the fluid mixture up to the substrate.
• the substrate moves continuously to drying stages.
• the above mixture is rendered fluid in the following manner:
• the channel black with dye precipitate is dispersed with lll-trichloroethane in a ball mill at room temperature.
• the dispersion is l2 /2% by weight channel black.
• the ouricury wax is dissolved in toluene. Heat is applied to facilitate the dissolution of the wax.
• the solution made is 20% by weight wax.
• the SR 521 and the SR 582 are commercially obtained as solutions of 55% resin in toluene.
• the dry residues are known commercially as pressure sensitive adhesives.
• the four components are mixed in proportions dictated by the above formula of solids, accompanied by stirring and heating to F. Grinding or ball milling at this stage is unnecessary.
• the final product appears dry and solid under normal pressures and usual temperatures.
• the product is typed upon with an ordinary typewriter in the conventional manner.
• the finished print on a smooth substrate is simultaneous with the moment of impact. Furthermore, a very intense opaque image is obtained because of the high concentration of carbon black in the ink made possible in accordance with this invention.
• the transfer layer must have significant internal strength so that a permanent image is transferred, it is not meant to imply that the strength must be substantial.
• Some conventional transfer mediums and typewriter ribbons transfer images to non-receptive substrates.
• the images transferred are fluid, pasty, or otherwise noncohesive. They can be smeared or wiped off by light contact with environmental objects during normal handling.
• the significant internal strength provided in accordance with this invention produces an image which holds together in place even though wiped by external objects with pressures normally found in the handling of printed mediums.
• a special purpose transfer medium comprising:
• a transfer layer carried on said substrate said transfer layer consisting essentially of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent by weight of finely divided carbon black intimately intermixed with a pressure sensitive mixture of from two to ten percent by weight of a wax component selected from the group consisting of ouricury wax, carnauba wax, candellila wax, and sugar cane wax and at least ten percent by weight of a solid, normally tacky pressure sensitive adhesive selected from the group consisting of silicone resin and low molecular weight polyvinyl ethyl ether to form a solid, dry transfer layer of significant internal strength which becomes tacky under the normal impact of a type die.
• a wax component selected from the group consisting of ouricury wax, carnauba wax, candellila wax, and sugar cane wax
• a solid, normally tacky pressure sensitive adhesive selected from the group consisting of silicone resin and low molecular weight polyvinyl ethyl ether to form a solid, dry transfer layer of significant internal strength which becomes tacky under
• a special purpose transfer medium comprising:
• a transfer layer carried on said substrate said transfer layer consisting essentially of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent by weight of finely divided carbon black intimately intermixed with a pressure sensitive mixture of from two to ten percent by weight of a wax component selected from the group consisting of ouricury wax, carnauba wax, candellila wax, and sugar cane wax and at least ten percent by weight of a solid, normally tacky pressure sensitive adhesive selected from the group consisting of silicone resin and low molecular weight polyvinyl ethyl ether to form a solid, dry transfer layer of significant internal strength which becomes tacky under the normal impact of a type die. 4.
• said finely divided carbon black is channel black.
• a special purpose typewriter ribbon comprising: a smooth, continuous, nonporous supporting substrate of polyethylene, and a transfer layer carried on said substrate, said transfer layer being a preselected thickness limited from 0.00025 inch to 0.0005 inch thick, said transfer layer consisting essentially of at least about eighty percent by weight of finely divided carbon black intimately mixed with from two to ten percent by weight of a hard, dry wax filler selected from the group consisting of ouricury wax, carnauba wax, candellila wax, and sugar cane wax and at least ten percent by weight of a solid, normally tacky silicone resin, the combination of which has significant internal strength and becomes tacky under the normal impact of a type die. 6.
• said carbon black is channel black.

Landscapes

• Duplication Or Marking (AREA)
• Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
• Impression-Transfer Materials And Handling Thereof (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23766452

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (6)

• 1965
  • 1965-04-01 US US444810A patent/US3387986A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1966
  • 1966-01-05 GB GB436/66A patent/GB1134628A/en not_active Expired
  • 1966-03-09 JP JP41014115A patent/JPS4924367B1/ja active Pending
  • 1966-04-01 DE DE19661571895 patent/DE1571895A1/de active Pending

Patent Citations (6)

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