US3376858A - Steam generator with spherical steam generating chamber - Google Patents

Steam generator with spherical steam generating chamber Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3376858A
US3376858A US516595A US51659565A US3376858A US 3376858 A US3376858 A US 3376858A US 516595 A US516595 A US 516595A US 51659565 A US51659565 A US 51659565A US 3376858 A US3376858 A US 3376858A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
vapor
tubes
space
manifold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US516595A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nicholas D Romanos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Combustion Engineering Inc
Original Assignee
Combustion Engineering Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Combustion Engineering Inc filed Critical Combustion Engineering Inc
Priority to US516595A priority Critical patent/US3376858A/en
Priority to GB00680/69A priority patent/GB1167169A/en
Priority to GB51394/66A priority patent/GB1167168A/en
Priority to DE19661551006 priority patent/DE1551006B2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3376858A publication Critical patent/US3376858A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/023—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes, for nuclear reactors as far as they are not classified, according to a specified heating fluid, in another group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/08—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being steam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to shell and tube type heat exchangers. More particularly, the invention relates to a shell and tube type heat exchanger wherein liquid is vaporized by indirect heat exchange with a fluid heating medium.
  • Heat exchangers are commonly employed in vapor generating systems when it is desired to transfer heat from a primary fluid to a secondary fluid without the two fluids coming in contact. This is accomplished by passing the fluids along opposite sides of a heating surface which provides an effective heat flow path from one fluid to the other.
  • the heating surface usually comprises a tube bundle consisting of banks of tubes that conduct the primary fluid and are submerged in the secondary fluid.
  • Another objection of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger of unique design permitting the use of lighter gauge materials in the production of high pressure vapor.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger of unique design that is characterized by compactness of form and efiiciency of operation.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a compact heat exchanger that is characterized by enlarged, unrestricted flow areas whereby the flow of secondary fluid therethrough is unimpeded.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a compact heat exchanger that is capable of delivering dry vapor without the need for complex, expensive vapor separating equipment.
  • FIGURE 1 is a vertical section of a heat exchanger constructed in accordance with the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan section taken along line 22 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates a typical tube support element.
  • the heat exchanger 10 includes a containment shell 12 that is spherical in configuration and forms an interior chamber within which the generation of vapor occurs.
  • the shell 12 is preferably positioned with its axis extending generally vertically and is adapted to contain -a body of vaporizable liquid, the level 14 of which divides the chamber into a liquid space 16 and a vapor space 18.
  • a vapor nozzle 20 penetrates the shell 12 at its top to communicate with the vapor space 18 in order to conduct vapor to its intended point of use.
  • a manway 22 having a threadedly connected cover 24 may also be provided in the upper portion of the shell 12 to permit access to the chamber.
  • a generally annular tube bundle 26 is positioned in the lower portion of the shell chamber such that it will be substantially completely submerged in the liquid space 16 during operation of the heat exchanger.
  • the tube bundle 26 comprises a plurality of vertical rows of horizontally extending U-shaped tubes 28 that are adapted to conduct heating fluid and which are connected for parallel fluid flow by means of a fluid manifold 30.
  • the tube bundle 26 is surrounded by plate means forming an annular bafile 32 that is concentrically spaced from the wall of the shell 12 thereby providing an annular downcomer passage 34.
  • the baflle 32 is spaced from the bottom of the shell 12 in order to establish fluid communication with the interior section 36 of the chamber that contains the tube bundle 26 such that recirculation of liquid can occur in an unimpeded manner.
  • annular feedwater inlet tube 38 having its surface provided with spaced openings 40 that effect the discharge of liquid into the shell chamber. As shown, one end of the tube 38 is attached to a feedwater nozzle 42 that penetrates the shell and connects the tube to a source of vaporizable liquid (not shown).
  • the fluid manifold 30 that connects the tubes 28 comprises a generally hollow cylinder that penetrates the bottom of the shell 12 and is disposed in coaxial relation thereto.
  • the upper and lower ends of the manifold are closed by hemi-elipsoidal closure heads, 44 and 46 respectively, the former being provided with a manway 48 and threadedly connected cover 50 for permitting access to the interior of the manifold.
  • the lower end of the manifold 30, externally of the shell 12, is provided with radially extending heating fluid inlet and outlet nozzles, 52 and 54 respectively, that direct heating fluid to and from the heat exchanger.
  • the manifold 30 is further provided with a partition plate 56 that divides its interior into fluidly distinct heating fluid inlet and outlet compartments 58 and 60.
  • the flow circuit for the heating fluid comprises the annular tube bundle 26 that includes the U-shaped tubes 28 that are connected to the manifold 30. Allof the tubes 28 have U-bends located in vertical planes, as illustrated in FIGURE 1, and have both ends connected to the manifold 38 on opposite sides of the partition plate 56 such that there will be a continuous flow of heating fluid through the tubes from the inlet compartment 58 to the outlet compartment 60. As best shown in FIGURE 2, the tubes 28 are formed so as to provide the maximum amount of heating surface that can be accommodated within the shell 12.
  • each tube 28 This is accomplished by'providing the opposed legs of each tube 28 with a first, straight portion 68 that includes the ends of the tubes and that radially communicates with the wall of the manifold 30.
  • the remainderof the opposedlegs and U-bend, indicated as the portion 70, are laterally offset from their vertical plane along a circular arc outwardly toward the wall of the shell 12 with a smooth transition section 72 being provided between the portions 68 and 70.
  • Support for the tube bundle is provided by concentric rows of circumferentially spaced, vertically elongated tube supports 74 that, as shown in FIGURE 3, are provided with apertures 76 that receive the tubes 28.
  • the tube supports 74 are formed of 'a width capable of being received between adjacent rows of tubes 28 and, as shown in FIGURE 2, can be conveniently positioned between the tubes by locating them along circular arcs.
  • Means are provided in the instant arrangement to permit easy access to the tube ends within the manifold 30, especially those ends located in the heating fluid outlet compartment 60 where work space is at a minimum due to the presence of the fluid duct 64.
  • the fluid duct 64 is connected at its lower end to the heating fluid inlet nozzle 52 by means of a right angle section and extends to a level spaced below that portion of the manifold 30 that attaches the lower ends of the tubes 28.
  • the upper end of the duct 64 is open and is caused to communicate with the heating fluid inlet compartment 58 by means of the sleeve 66 which is telescopically received by, and vertically slideable along, the duct.
  • the sleeve is provided at its upper end with an annular flange 86 having circumferentially spaced apertures that, together with similar apertures in the plate 56, accommodate threaded connectors indicated by the center lines 88, so as to detachably connect the sleeve to the plate.
  • the lower end of the sleeve 66 is provided with an annular flanged section 90 having an inner surface that slideably engages a mating surface 92 on the exterior of the upper end of the duct 64.
  • the seal will be automatically broken by the relative thermal contraction between the materials forming the surfaces 90 and 92 whereupon the sleeve 66 can be removed from position merely by disconnecting the threaded connectors 88 that connect the sleeve flange 86 to the plate 56 and lowering the sleeve along the duct to the bottom of the manifold interior. In this manner easy access can be had by a workman for inspecting or repairing the ends of all the tubes that connect to the manifold 30.
  • each drier element 94 has a trapezoidal configuration and is re movably attached at its inner end to a horizontally disposed, substantially circular baftle plate 96 with the outer ends thereof attached to the inner surface of the shell 12 by means of brackets 98.
  • the completed assembly is frusto-conical in shape and is vertically supported by a plurality of spaced support rods 100 that are connected between the baffle plate 96 and the upper manifold closure head 44.
  • the relatively hot heating fluid enters the inlet nozzle 52 and is conducted to the inlet compartment 58 by the duct 64 and sleeve 66.
  • the heating fluid then enters the upper ends of the tubes 28 in the tube bundle 26, flows through the tubes, out their lower ends into the outlet compartment 60 from whence it is conducted through the outlet nozzle 54.
  • vaporizable liquid is discharged into the shell chamber through openings 40 in the feedw'ater tube where it establishes a body of liquid having its level 14 closely adjacent the equator of the spherical chamber such that all, or substantially all, of the tubes 28 are immersed in the liquid. Due to the enlarged surface area of boiling liquid the vapor is released therefrom in large amounts but at relatively low velocity. The vapor rises in the vapor space 16 where any liquid particles retained therein are removed by gravity. If found to be desirable, screen driers 94 may be employed to mechanically remove any fine liquid particles contained in the vapor before it exits the unit through the vapor nozzle 20. The amount of space available in the spherical chamber, however, will be suflicient to deliver vapor having acceptable dryness for most purposes.
  • the containment shell in which vapor generation occurs is formed as a a sphere
  • the amount of floor space necessary for mounting a unit of the instant type is reduced by approximately 50% over that required for mounting conventional cylindrical units of similar capacity.
  • the wall thickness of the containment shell need be only a fraction of that of a cylindrical shell to withstand equivalent pressures thereby materially reducing the fabrication costs of the unit.
  • a spherical containment shell in which a large vapor release surface is provided the need for complex,'expensive vapor separation equipment is avoided since adequate gravity separation is attainable.
  • a heat exchanger wherein liquid is vaporized by indirect heat transfer from a fluid heating medium comprising: a spherically formed shell defining a substantially closed containment chamber; means for introducing liquid to said chamber to provide a liquid body therein defining 'a liquid space and a vapor space, each of said spaces occupying substantially the entire transverse area of said chamber and said vapor space having suflicient height to effect gravity separation of a major portion of the liquid contained in the vapor-liquid mixture produced therein; a vapor outlet from said vapor space; an axially disposed, generally cylindrical manifold penetrating said shell and including means dividing the interior of said manifold into separate fluid inlet and outlet compartments; a substantially annular tube bundle disposed in said liquid space including a plurality of circumferentially spaced rows of U-tubes having their respective ends disposed in vertical planes and radially attached to said manifolds; means connecting one end of each of said U-tubes in communication with one of said compartments and the other end thereof in
  • a heat exchanger as recited in claim 2 including an annular baffle and disposed in said liquid space about the periphery of said tube bundle, said baffle being open at both ends and having its wall closely spaced from the wall of said shell to form an interior vapor generation section and an exterior downcomcr passage.
  • a heat exchanger as recited in claim 1 including a generally cylindrical manifold penetrating said shell along the axis thereof; means closing the ends of said manifold; heating fluid inlet and outlet nozzles attached to the wall of said manifold and disposed exteriorly of said chamber; laterally extending plate means dividing the interior of said manifold into axially spaced heating fluid inlet and outlet compartments; a central opening in said plate means; and coaxially elongated conduit means concentrically spaced from the wall of said manifold and extending through one of said compartments with its opposite ends connecting between one of said nozzles and said central opening.
  • a heat exchanger for the indirect transfer of heat betwen two fluid mediums including a shell adapted to contain one of said mediums; a plurality of U-shaped tubes mounted in said shell for conducting the other of said mediums; a manifold connecting said tubes for parallel fluid flow comprising an axially elongated, generally and outlet nozzles attached to said Wall adjacent one and outlet nozzles attached to said wall adjacent one end end thereof, laterally extending plate means intermediate the ends of said wall dividing the interior of said manifold into axially spaced inlet and outlet compartments,
  • conduit means forming circumferentially spaced openings about said wall for connecting the ends of said U-shaped tubes in fluid communication between said compartments, a central opening in said plate means, elongated conduit means concentrically spaced from said Wall and extending through one of said compartments with its opposite ends connecting between one of said nozzles and said central opening, said conduit means including a duct rigidly secured with respect to said manifold wall, an axially movable sleeve having one end adapted for telescopic reception over one end of said duct, and the other end arranged for detachable connection to said manifold Wall, mating surfaces on said one ends of said duct and sleeve arranged for sealing engagement during operation of said heat exchanger, said mating surfaces being formed of materials having different coeflicients of thermal expansion such that one is expanded into sealing engagement with the other when said heat exchanger is operating.
  • conduit means includes a rigid duct having one end connecting to one of said nozzles and its other end axially spaced from said plate means, an axially movable sleeve telescopically received on said duct and extending from the top of said duct to said plate means, detachable means connecting the upper end of said sleeve to said plate means, concentrically engageable surface means on said duct and said sleeve each being formed of materials having different coeificients of thermal expansion whereby said surfaces engage in sealed relation when exposed to an increase in temperature.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
US516595A 1965-12-27 1965-12-27 Steam generator with spherical steam generating chamber Expired - Lifetime US3376858A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US516595A US3376858A (en) 1965-12-27 1965-12-27 Steam generator with spherical steam generating chamber
GB00680/69A GB1167169A (en) 1965-12-27 1966-11-16 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.
GB51394/66A GB1167168A (en) 1965-12-27 1966-11-16 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.
DE19661551006 DE1551006B2 (de) 1965-12-27 1966-12-01 Dampferzeuger

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US516595A US3376858A (en) 1965-12-27 1965-12-27 Steam generator with spherical steam generating chamber

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3376858A true US3376858A (en) 1968-04-09

Family

ID=24056277

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US516595A Expired - Lifetime US3376858A (en) 1965-12-27 1965-12-27 Steam generator with spherical steam generating chamber

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3376858A (de)
DE (1) DE1551006B2 (de)
GB (2) GB1167169A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4136644A (en) * 1975-12-23 1979-01-30 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Tube heat exchanger with heating tubes
DE3304453A1 (de) * 1983-02-09 1984-08-09 Vsesojuznyj naučno-issledovatel'skij i proektno-konstruktorskij institut atomnogo energetičeskogo mašinostroenija, Moskva Dampferzeuger
US4489788A (en) * 1983-01-31 1984-12-25 Shamarokov Alexandr S Steam generator
RU2489642C1 (ru) * 2011-12-27 2013-08-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Российский концерн по производству электрической и тепловой энергии на атомных станциях" (ОАО "Концерн Росэнергоатом") Теплообменник
RU2489644C1 (ru) * 2011-12-27 2013-08-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Российский концерн по производству электрической и тепловой энергии на атомных станциях" (ОАО "Концерн Росэнергоатом") Пароводяной подогреватель
RU2522375C1 (ru) * 2013-05-23 2014-07-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации-Физико-энергетический институт имени А.И. Лейпунского" Раздающая камера
RU2525989C1 (ru) * 2013-05-23 2014-08-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации-Физико-энергетический институт имени А.И. Лейпунского" Раздающая камера
RU2525991C1 (ru) * 2013-05-28 2014-08-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Раздающая камера
RU2535462C1 (ru) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-10 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Раздающая камера

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2540972B1 (fr) * 1983-02-14 1988-05-13 Inst Atomnogo Energet Generateur de vapeur

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2494767A (en) * 1945-04-02 1950-01-17 Smith Corp A O Removable vertical tube evaporator
US2508729A (en) * 1948-05-05 1950-05-23 Stein Heinrich Automobile water circulating heater
US3012547A (en) * 1955-04-21 1961-12-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Unitized steam generator
US3130713A (en) * 1960-03-28 1964-04-28 Babcock & Wilcox Co Horizontal vapor generating unit
US3213833A (en) * 1960-12-30 1965-10-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Unitized vapor generation system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2494767A (en) * 1945-04-02 1950-01-17 Smith Corp A O Removable vertical tube evaporator
US2508729A (en) * 1948-05-05 1950-05-23 Stein Heinrich Automobile water circulating heater
US3012547A (en) * 1955-04-21 1961-12-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Unitized steam generator
US3130713A (en) * 1960-03-28 1964-04-28 Babcock & Wilcox Co Horizontal vapor generating unit
US3213833A (en) * 1960-12-30 1965-10-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Unitized vapor generation system

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4136644A (en) * 1975-12-23 1979-01-30 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Tube heat exchanger with heating tubes
US4489788A (en) * 1983-01-31 1984-12-25 Shamarokov Alexandr S Steam generator
DE3304453A1 (de) * 1983-02-09 1984-08-09 Vsesojuznyj naučno-issledovatel'skij i proektno-konstruktorskij institut atomnogo energetičeskogo mašinostroenija, Moskva Dampferzeuger
RU2489642C1 (ru) * 2011-12-27 2013-08-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Российский концерн по производству электрической и тепловой энергии на атомных станциях" (ОАО "Концерн Росэнергоатом") Теплообменник
RU2489644C1 (ru) * 2011-12-27 2013-08-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Российский концерн по производству электрической и тепловой энергии на атомных станциях" (ОАО "Концерн Росэнергоатом") Пароводяной подогреватель
RU2522375C1 (ru) * 2013-05-23 2014-07-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации-Физико-энергетический институт имени А.И. Лейпунского" Раздающая камера
RU2525989C1 (ru) * 2013-05-23 2014-08-20 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации-Физико-энергетический институт имени А.И. Лейпунского" Раздающая камера
RU2525991C1 (ru) * 2013-05-28 2014-08-20 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Раздающая камера
RU2535462C1 (ru) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-10 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Раздающая камера

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1551006A1 (de) 1970-01-08
GB1167169A (en) 1969-10-15
DE1551006B2 (de) 1971-09-30
GB1167168A (en) 1969-10-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3187807A (en) Heat exchanger
US3557760A (en) Vapor generator organization utilizing liquid metal or molten salts
US3227142A (en) Steam generator configurations
US3376858A (en) Steam generator with spherical steam generating chamber
US3401082A (en) Integral steam generator and nuclear reactor combination
US3228463A (en) Heat exchanger
RU2690308C1 (ru) Теплообменный аппарат
US4029054A (en) Waste heat boiler
US3245881A (en) Integral boiler nuclear reactor
US3180408A (en) Heat exchanger apparatus
US3333630A (en) Uniformly spaced tube banks
US3398720A (en) Once-through steam generator having a central manifold and tube bundles of spiral tube construction
US3706301A (en) Integral economizer for u-tube generator
US4072189A (en) Immersion-tube heat exchanger
US3245464A (en) Liquid metal heated vapor generator
US3125161A (en) Tube manifold for a steam genera-tor
KR820001265B1 (ko) 관류 증기발생기의 블로우다운 장치
US2845906A (en) Vapor generating unit
US3888212A (en) Liquid metal steam generator
US3267906A (en) Compact heat source and heat exchanger
US3338301A (en) Once-through steam generator having a pair of tube bundles of spiral tube construction
US2744813A (en) Catalytic furnace
GB1466476A (en) Heat exchanger
US3286696A (en) Vertical steam generator with central downcomber
US3613781A (en) Bayonet tube bank vapor generator