US3365538A - Superconducting wire for conducting high-intensity currents - Google Patents

Superconducting wire for conducting high-intensity currents Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3365538A
US3365538A US446007A US44600765A US3365538A US 3365538 A US3365538 A US 3365538A US 446007 A US446007 A US 446007A US 44600765 A US44600765 A US 44600765A US 3365538 A US3365538 A US 3365538A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
wire
wires
superconducting
axis
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US446007A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Voigt Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Schuckertwerke AG
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3365538A publication Critical patent/US3365538A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/884—Conductor
    • Y10S505/887—Conductor structure

Definitions

  • n m 211 an 1.0 5'0 H [E] 3,365,538 SUPERCUNDUCTING WIRE FOR QGNDUCTING HIGH-INTENSITY CURRENTS Hans Voigt, Erlangen, Germany, assignor to Siemens- Schucirertwerke Alrtiengesellschait, Berlin-Siemensstadt, Germany, a corporation of Germany Filed Apr. 6, 1965, Ser. No. 446,007 Claims priority, application Germany, Apr. 17, 1964, S 90,596 6 Claims. (Ql. 174-128)
  • My invention relates to superconducting wires or acbles, particularly for conducting currents of high intensity.
  • Superconductors can carry electric currents up to a given critical current intensity only. If this limit is exceeded, the superconductor converts to normal conductance.
  • the critical current intensity depends upon various conditions, including the particular material, the external shape of the particular superconducting structure, the temperature and the magnetic fields acting upon the superconductor.
  • I design the superconducting wire structure of hard superconducting material in such a manner that the current flowing through the structure generates by itself a longitudinal magnetic field, thus raising the critical limit of the current intensity above which the material converts to normal conductance.
  • the wire-shaped or cable-shaped superconductor structure is provided with a number of current paths which extend along and substantially helically about the conductor axis, and which are structurally distinct from one another and joined together to form a single conductor Wire or cable structure.
  • the wire structure may also contain one or more current paths which extend in the axial region of the conductor in a direction parallel to the geometric axis of the wire structure.
  • a particularly favorable design of the Wire or cable-shaped superconductor structure is obtained by having the pitch of the helical current paths decrease from the conductor axis toward the surface of the conductor.
  • the current paths in the vicinity of the conductor axis extend essentially in the axial direction, whereas the current paths closer to the conductor surface follow a more circular course about the conductor axis.
  • a qualitative consideration shows that a current configuration which possesses in the vicinity of the axis a slight azimuthal component and increases with increasing radial distance from the axis, causes a similar magnetic field configuration.
  • this can be imagined to be tantamount to the fact that the outer current paths extending approximately circularly are located in the circular magnetic field of the inner current paths extending approximately in the axial direction, whereas the inner current paths of substantially axial direction are subjected to the magnetic field of the outer, approximately circular current paths.
  • Electric current and magnetic field are then approximately parallel at each locality in the interior of the superconductor structure. In other Words, the current flowing in the superconductor structure generates for itself the required longitudinal field.
  • the critical current intensity of a superconductor structure thus formed according to the invention and exhibiting substantial parallelism of current and magnetic fields, is increased in a manner similar to the increase in critical current intensity observed in a normal coldrolled superconducting wire when exposed to a longitudinal magnetic field externally applied.
  • Suitable as material for superconductor structures according to the invention are all of the superconducting materials that exhibit an increase in critical current intensity within a longitudinal magnetic field. This applies particularly to the superconducting alloys niobium-zirconium, molybdenum-rheniurn and tanta'lum-titanium.
  • a particularly large extent of parallelism between current and magnetic field in a superconducting structure according to the invention is attained if those current paths that are spaced from the conductor axis a distance equal to one-half the conductor radius, extend on such a course that the azimuthal and longitudinal components of the currents flowing through these particular paths are approximately equal.
  • the pitch height that is the axial length of an individual helical turn, of the helical current paths, is of the same order of magnitude as the circumference of the geometrical cylinder defined by these current paths.
  • this feature as well as the above-mentioned preferred feature of having a helical pitch which decreases from the conductor axis toward its periphery, need not necessarily be embodied in the superconductor structure in order to achieve an appreciable increase in critical current intensity. This is because with a helical course of the current paths there occur in any event longitudinal magnetic field components with the eifect of raising the critical current limit.
  • a superconducting Wire structure is composed of a bunch of thin superconducting individual wires helically extending about the longitudinal axis of the bunch.
  • a superconducting wire may also be arranged on the axis of the bunch so as to extend parallel to the axis.
  • several superconducting wires may be located in the axial center region of the structure and extend parallel to the axis.
  • FIG. 1a is a front view of a superconducting wire structure according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1b is a lateral view of the same structure in three portions showing the inner axial wire, an intermediate group of wires, and the outer wires respectively;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph of measuring results obtained with a wire structure according to the invention.
  • the cable-type superconductor structure shown on enlarged scale in FIGS. 1a and 1b is composed of seven superconducting wires of the same diameter consisting of niobium-Zirconium alloy or one of the other hard superconducting materials having a magnetically responsive critical current limit.
  • a center Wire 1 extends parallel to the conductor axis.
  • Four superconducting wires 2 are helically Wound upon the center wire l with such a helical pitch that the axial height of each winding turn corresponds approximately to the circumference of the cylinder defined by the helix. This helix, therefore, has a pitch of approximately 45 so that the azimuthal and longitudinal components of the current passing through the helical wires are approximately equal.
  • a third layer of the cable structure consists of two superconducting wires 3 which are Wound at a smaller pitch helically upon the layer formed by the four wires 2. The current flowing through the wires 3 produces a magnetic field approximately parallel to the cable axis.
  • Cable-type superconductor structures according to the invention may be composed of numbers of wires and winding layers diiierent from those of the illustrated embodiment. They may also be composed of wires having respectively different diameters.
  • Another way of producing a superconductor structure according to the invention is to employ a single wire which is torsionally deformed about its own longitudinal axis.
  • a wire is produced, for example, by subjecting a cold-rolled wire of superconducting alloy to torsion.
  • the dislocation lines originally extending in the longitudinal direction of the wire and determining the direction of the current-flow paths, become helically twisted about the wire axis.
  • the deformation of the dislocation lines to helical shapes becomes permanently embodied in the structure and thus forms a structurally distinct arrangement of helical current paths.
  • the twisted and plastically deformed wire is capable of conducting higher currents than an otherwise identical but not torsionally twisted wire without converting from superconductance to normal conductance.
  • the critical current limit of a piece of this wire was measured first without external field and thereafter in magnetic fields oriented perpendicularly to the wire axis.
  • the critical current intensity was measured of an identical but not torsionally deformed wire. All of the measurements were made at a temperature of 4.2 K.
  • the measuring results are represented in the diagram of FIG. 2 indicating the magnetic field H in kilogauss (kg) along the abscissa and the current intensity I in amps (a.) on the ordinate.
  • Curve a indicates the critical current intensities of the nontwisted wire in dependence upon a transversal magnetic field.
  • the critical current intensity is approximately 150' a. in fieldfree space and decreases with increasing magnetic field down to about 30 a.
  • Curve b shows the critical current intensity of the torsionally deformed wire according to the invention. Without magnetic field, this critical current intensity is about 225 a., and it decreases with increasing field down to about 45 a. The increase in critical current limit achieved by twisting of the wire is clearly apparent from the two curves in FIG. 2.
  • Undesired disturbances in the texture of the wire can be cured by subsequent heat treatment of the Wire.
  • niobium-zirconium "wires, after being twisted to permanent torsional deformation. in the above-described manner are examples of niobium-zirconium "wires, after being twisted to permanent torsional deformation. in the above-described manner, are examples of niobium-zirconium "wires, after being twisted to permanent torsional deformation. in the above-described manner, are
  • Superconducting wire structures according to the invention are applicable for example as cables for transporting electric high-intensity currents.
  • Superconducting wires according to the invention are also well suitable for winding the outer layers of superconducting magnet coils in which the occurring transversal magnetic fields are still relatively weak.
  • a superconducting wire structure of hard superconducting material comprising a bunch of Wires formed of hard superconducting material, at least one of said wires extending substantially along the axis of the wire structure, said other wires extending along and helically about said one wire and joined together to form a single conductor, the inner wires having a steeper helical pitch than the paths closer to the conductor surface.
  • a superconducting wire structure according to claim 1, comprising among said helical Wires a group spaced from the axis a distance equal to one-half of the conductor radius, said latter helical wires having an axial height of the individual turns in the same order of magnitude as the circumference of the cylinder defined by said group of helical wires.
  • a superconducting wire structure comprising a bunch of individual wires of niobium-zirconium alloy, one of said wires extending along the axis of said wire structure, a first group of Wires helically wound about said axis and a second group of wires helically wound about said first group, the first group having a steeper helical pitch than said second group.
  • a superconducting wire structure comprising a bunch of individual wires of molybdenum-rhenium alloy, one of said Wires extending along the axis of said wire structure, a first group of wires helically Wound about said axis and a second group of wires helically wound about said first group, the first group having a steeper helical pitch than said second group.
  • a superconducting wire structure comprising a bunch of individual wires of tantalum-titanium alloy, one of said wires extending along the axis of said wire structure, a first group of wires helically Wound about said axis and a second group of wires helically wound about said first group, the first group having a steeper helical pitch than said second group.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
US446007A 1964-04-17 1965-04-06 Superconducting wire for conducting high-intensity currents Expired - Lifetime US3365538A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES90596A DE1282116B (de) 1964-04-17 1964-04-17 Supraleitender Draht zum Transport hoher Stroeme

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3365538A true US3365538A (en) 1968-01-23

Family

ID=7515934

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US446007A Expired - Lifetime US3365538A (en) 1964-04-17 1965-04-06 Superconducting wire for conducting high-intensity currents

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3365538A (xx)
AT (1) AT249772B (xx)
BE (1) BE661457A (xx)
CH (1) CH426964A (xx)
DE (1) DE1282116B (xx)
GB (1) GB1030975A (xx)
NL (1) NL143719B (xx)
SE (2) SE328041B (xx)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3710000A (en) * 1970-05-13 1973-01-09 Air Reduction Hybrid superconducting material
US3730967A (en) * 1970-05-13 1973-05-01 Air Reduction Cryogenic system including hybrid superconductors
US3876823A (en) * 1973-02-14 1975-04-08 Siemens Ag Electrical conductor made up of individual superconducting conductors
FR2309986A1 (fr) * 1975-04-23 1976-11-26 Kernforschung Gmbh Ges Fuer Cable supraconducteur a plusieurs filaments
JPH01107421A (ja) * 1987-10-21 1989-04-25 Hitachi Ltd 交流用超電導導体
US6255592B1 (en) 1998-05-04 2001-07-03 Gamut Technology, Inc. Flexible armored communication cable and method of manufacture
US20140302997A1 (en) * 2013-04-06 2014-10-09 Makoto Takayasu Superconducting Power Cable
US9105396B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2015-08-11 Makoto Takayasu Superconducting flat tape cable magnet
CN105340125A (zh) * 2014-05-15 2016-02-17 华为技术有限公司 横磁模介质滤波器
EP3723105A1 (en) * 2019-04-09 2020-10-14 Bruker Switzerland AG Reinforced superconducting wire

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US112137A (en) * 1871-02-28 Improvement in lightning-rods
US626940A (en) * 1899-06-13 Willoughby statham smith
US1999273A (en) * 1932-07-20 1935-04-30 Ohio Brass Co Conductor
US2946030A (en) * 1957-07-02 1960-07-19 Little Inc A Superconductive switching element
GB952226A (en) * 1960-08-29 1964-03-11 Western Electric Co Wire for superconductive magnets
US3185900A (en) * 1962-09-25 1965-05-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High field superconducting devices
US3215905A (en) * 1963-12-16 1965-11-02 Otto N Bloom Three piece bobbin of dielectric material for electric coils

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US112137A (en) * 1871-02-28 Improvement in lightning-rods
US626940A (en) * 1899-06-13 Willoughby statham smith
US1999273A (en) * 1932-07-20 1935-04-30 Ohio Brass Co Conductor
US2946030A (en) * 1957-07-02 1960-07-19 Little Inc A Superconductive switching element
GB952226A (en) * 1960-08-29 1964-03-11 Western Electric Co Wire for superconductive magnets
US3185900A (en) * 1962-09-25 1965-05-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High field superconducting devices
US3215905A (en) * 1963-12-16 1965-11-02 Otto N Bloom Three piece bobbin of dielectric material for electric coils

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730967A (en) * 1970-05-13 1973-05-01 Air Reduction Cryogenic system including hybrid superconductors
US3710000A (en) * 1970-05-13 1973-01-09 Air Reduction Hybrid superconducting material
US3876823A (en) * 1973-02-14 1975-04-08 Siemens Ag Electrical conductor made up of individual superconducting conductors
FR2309986A1 (fr) * 1975-04-23 1976-11-26 Kernforschung Gmbh Ges Fuer Cable supraconducteur a plusieurs filaments
JPH01107421A (ja) * 1987-10-21 1989-04-25 Hitachi Ltd 交流用超電導導体
US6255592B1 (en) 1998-05-04 2001-07-03 Gamut Technology, Inc. Flexible armored communication cable and method of manufacture
US9105396B2 (en) 2012-10-05 2015-08-11 Makoto Takayasu Superconducting flat tape cable magnet
US20140302997A1 (en) * 2013-04-06 2014-10-09 Makoto Takayasu Superconducting Power Cable
WO2014204560A3 (en) * 2013-04-06 2015-02-19 Makoto Takayasu Superconducting power cable
CN105340125A (zh) * 2014-05-15 2016-02-17 华为技术有限公司 横磁模介质滤波器
CN105340125B (zh) * 2014-05-15 2017-09-29 华为技术有限公司 横磁模介质滤波器
EP3723105A1 (en) * 2019-04-09 2020-10-14 Bruker Switzerland AG Reinforced superconducting wire
US11031155B2 (en) 2019-04-09 2021-06-08 Bruker Switzerland Ag Reinforced superconducting wire, superconducting cable, superconducting coil and superconducting magnet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1282116B (de) 1968-11-07
NL6503316A (xx) 1965-10-18
SE328041B (xx) 1970-09-07
NL143719B (nl) 1974-10-15
SE313864B (xx) 1969-08-25
BE661457A (xx) 1965-07-16
GB1030975A (en) 1966-05-25
CH426964A (de) 1966-12-31
AT249772B (de) 1966-10-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2978530A (en) Conductor for transformer windings
US3365538A (en) Superconducting wire for conducting high-intensity currents
US3662093A (en) Superconducting electrical conductors
JPS6047684B2 (ja) 超電導複合体およびその製造方法
JPS62103913A (ja) 化合物複合超電導導体
US3836404A (en) Method of fabricating composite superconductive electrical conductors
Verhaege et al. A new class of AC superconducting conductors
US4093817A (en) Superconductor
JP5117166B2 (ja) パルス用ＮｂＴｉ超電導多芯線およびパルス用ＮｂＴｉ超電導成形撚線
US3996662A (en) Method for the manufacture of a superconductor having an intermetallic two element compound
JPH0570888B2 (xx)
JPH0377607B2 (xx)
JPH0211733A (ja) 内部拡散法によるＮｂ↓３Ｓｎ超電導線の製造方法
JP2005141968A (ja) 複合超電導線材およびその製造方法
EP0076365A1 (en) Power superconducting cables
US4215465A (en) Method of making V3 Ga superconductors
US6810276B1 (en) Method to reduce magnetization in high current density superconductors formed by reaction of multi-component elements in filamentary composite superconductors
JPH0211732A (ja) Ｎｂ↓３Ｓｎ多心超電導線の製造方法
JPH0589726A (ja) ＮｂＴｉ超電導線
JPH02126519A (ja) 超電導々体
JPH08124433A (ja) 超電導素線および超電導撚線
JP3367316B2 (ja) 極細多芯Ｎｂ−Ｔｉ系超電導線材
Scanlan et al. Multifilamentary Nb 3 Sn for superconducting generator applications
Okada et al. Strain effects in cabled and braided" in situ" formed Nb 3 Sn conductors
JPH07169342A (ja) 多芯酸化物超電導線材