US3364294A - Filament orientation process - Google Patents

Filament orientation process Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3364294A
US3364294A US488628A US48862865A US3364294A US 3364294 A US3364294 A US 3364294A US 488628 A US488628 A US 488628A US 48862865 A US48862865 A US 48862865A US 3364294 A US3364294 A US 3364294A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tow
dielectric
draw
denier
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US488628A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sarkis K Garibian
William L Camphell
William R Hocutt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Monsanto Co
Original Assignee
Monsanto Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Monsanto Co filed Critical Monsanto Co
Priority to US488628A priority Critical patent/US3364294A/en
Priority to IL26497A priority patent/IL26497A/xx
Priority to GB40717/66A priority patent/GB1153682A/en
Priority to LU51952D priority patent/LU51952A1/xx
Priority to BE687076D priority patent/BE687076A/xx
Priority to FR76859A priority patent/FR1493951A/fr
Priority to CH1354066A priority patent/CH457701A/fr
Priority to DE19661660484 priority patent/DE1660484A1/de
Priority to NL6613269A priority patent/NL6613269A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3364294A publication Critical patent/US3364294A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/224—Selection or control of the temperature during stretching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/46—Molding using an electrical heat

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A heavy denier tow drawing process wherein a polyester tow is uniformly drawn by application of dielectric energy. The operation is found particularly efficient in the case of polyester drawing due to the coincidence of the preferred drawing temperature and maximization of the dielectric loss factor at a temperature range of from about 90 to 100 C.
  • This invention relates to a process for effecting the orientation of synthetic filaments in a highly uniform manner. More particularly, the invention is concerned with the problem of orienting polyethylene terephthalate filaments when processed in the form of heavy denier tows composed of densely spaced filaments.
  • staple fiber cut from such non-uniformly oriented tows is particularly deficient where such fibers are intended for use in the fabrication of dyed fabrics in that partially oriented or substantially unoriented fibers or fiber sections dye to much deeper colors than the more fully oriented members and appear in the fabric as flecks of darker color.
  • a further object is to provide such a process in which the drawn tow exhibits a high order of inter-filament uniformity in orientation and a consequent low incidence of variation in fiber properties, particularly as regards variations in dye receptivity.
  • the foregoing and other objects are attained in the practice of a process wherein a heavy denier, high density tow of substantially unoriented polyethylene terephthalate filaments is draw-oriented under the influence of a dielectric field. More precisely, the most beneficial results are obtained by passing such filaments in the form of a tow having a density in excess of about thirty-five thousand undrawn denier per inch, measured across the width of the tow bundle, through a preheating and moisturizing treatment, wherein the tow is heated to a temperature within the range of 50 to 100 C.
  • the dielectric field being characterized by a frequency of from 1 to 1200 megacycles per second, and a voltage of from about 2,000 to 25,000 volts.
  • the tow is processed in a manner to insure maximum uniformity of tension upon each of the individual filaments.
  • the dielectric field is established in such a manner as to provide an increasing field intensity as yarn moisture decreases during heating.
  • the yarn As the yarn is heated in passing through the dielectric field, it will experience a continuous decrease in moisture, with a consequent decrease in its dielectric loss properties, requiring, if a substantially constant rate of heat evolution is to be maintained, an increasing field intensity. Also, it has been found that, if undesired arcing across the electrodes defining the dielectric field is to be avoided when processing yarn containing substantial levels of moisture, the electrodes should be heated sufiiciently to avoid condensation of the vapor emanating from the heated yarn at least in those upstream regions of higher yarn moisture level. This may be accomplished in any one of several ways, such as sweeping the space surrounding the dielectric field with heated, dry air or other gas and/ or providing auxiliary radiant heaters in the chamber enclosing the dielectric electrode array.
  • dielectric heating also referred to as electromagnetic heating, involves the application of high frequency, high voltage electrical energy to non-metallic materials.
  • the frequency range normally employed in dielectric heating operations may vary from 1 to 1200 megacycles per second; applied voltages at the electrodes are normally in the range of 2,000 to 25,000 volts. These values are indicative of present-day practice and are not intended to imply that higher frequencies and voltages cannot as well be employed.
  • the material to be heated is located between two sets of electrodes, one of which is maintained at a high potential relative to the other.
  • the high potential force thus established forces the high frequency field through the material.
  • This field in passing through the material, creates a high degree of molecular motion throughout the cross section, resulting in a uniform temperature rise in the material regardless of its thermal conductivity, provided the mass has equal density and moisture content.
  • the fact that most non-metallic materials are poor heat conductors leads to non-uniform heating when conventional modes of heating are employed, such as convection, conduction, or radiant heating.
  • the outside surface necessarily becomes heated far more quickly than the interior regions.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall view of one possible arrangement for conducting drawing operations upon heavy denier tows according to the present invention wherein a suitable tow bundle is formed, passed through a preconditioning chamber to impart desired measures of temperature and moisture content, the tow then being passed through feed and draw roll assemblies which are interposed by a dielectric heating oven, the tow then being gathered in bobbin form or the like by a suitable take-up arrangement;
  • FIG. 2 depicts, in plan view, an electrode assembly configuration productive of dielectric field characteristics most amenable to the practice of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 3-3 of FIG. 2 showing the horizontal and vertical spacing of the individual finger-type electrodes of the upper, high potential and lower, low potential electrode assemblies.
  • the individual filament bundles After passing through the tension regulating means, the individual filament bundles are caused to converge into a relatively flat, heavy denier tow 10 by means of a bar guide 12 or the like.
  • the thusly formed tow may then be passed through a preconditioning chamber 14 wherein the desired conditions of tow temperature and moisture content are established and maintained uniform along the length of tow being processed.
  • polar moisturizing agent functions to raise an otherwise low dielectric loss factor that is characteristic of polyester tows.
  • the loss factor is a measure of the ability of a given material under given conditions to absorb dielectric energy, which is thereby converted to internally generated heat energy resulting in a rise in temperature.
  • pre-heating and moisturizing may be accomplished in a single operation by supplying, through inlet 16, a heated polar liquid under pressure which may be atomized or vaporized within preconditioning chamber 14 to be uniformly deposited upon the individual filaments of a suitably flared tow bundle.
  • a trap line 1-8 communicates with the lower regions of chamber 14 to carry off and recirculate any moisturizing agent which is allowed to condense.
  • the residence time of the tow within chamber 14 and the quantity and temperature of the moisturizing agent supplied thereto are regulated to impart to the tow, as it departs the chamber through exit port 20, a temperature of at least 50 C. and a moisture content, in the case of water, of at least 3 percent, preferably 6-12 percent, if optimum processing speeds and efficiency of operation are to be realized.
  • the moisture content may, however, be varied up to as high as 30 percent by weight of tow where it is desired that the tow depart the drawing operation with a relatively high residual moisture content, as may be dictated by certain after-treatments, such as washing, crimping and finishing.
  • Moisture conditioning has as its primary purpose the raising of the dielectric constant of the tow to thereby provide rapid heat-up to drawing temperature.
  • tows of polyethylene tercphthalate it has been found that a moisture content of from about 6 to 12 percent by weight of tow gives optimum results, moisture levels above this range absorbing a disproportionate amount of dielectric energy requiring either or both relatively long electrode assemblies and high field voltage where it is desired to extract the tow from the drawing operation in a relatively dry condition, i.e., below 0.5 percent moisture; on the other hand, an in-coming moisture content below 6 percent results in decreasing heat-up rates to the point that, at levels below 3 percent, the draw speed and draw ratios which must be maintained for uniform draw-orientation are too low to obtain the throughput rates and levels of orientation normally desired.
  • the moisture content should not be allowed to exceed 12 percent where it is desired to extract the tow in a relatively dry condition, but the in-coming moisture content may vary up to 30 percent where it is desired to convey the tow to further processing operations in a moistened condition; at levels above 30 percent however, energies absorbed through vaporization and consequent arcing render such levels undesirable.
  • the tow thusly preconditioned, is withdrawn from chamber 14 by feed roll assembly 22, which may comprise a pair of skew-mounted godets which are preferably maintained at or near the temperature of the tow.
  • the tow thus enters the dielectric heating oven, generally indicated by numeral 24, at a temperature greater than about 5-0" C. and a moisture content greater than 3 percent by weight of tow.
  • the tow passes through the dielectric oven to engage draw roll assembly 26, the peripheral speed of which is maintained at a constant difference above that of the feed roll assembly 22 to thereby impose the desired degree of elongation and consequent orientation to the tow as it is heated to draw temperature within oven 24.
  • the tow On departing the draw roll assembly, the tow may be passed through a suitable guide 28, thence to other processing or through traverse guide 30 and take-up roll 32.
  • the electrode array is seen to be enclosed within a housing 34, the interior surface of which is provided with suitable metallic sheathing 38 to shield vicinal equipment from electrical interference due to high radio frequencies employed.
  • a conduit 40 communicates with the upstream region of the oven interior to supply a continuous flow of heated, relatively dry gas, as by means of a heater fan 42, which flow is exhausted from the downstream region of the oven interior through exhaust port 44.
  • a heater fan 42 which flow is exhausted from the downstream region of the oven interior through exhaust port 44.
  • the heating function of the sweep gas may be supplemented by auxiliary radiant heaters, not shown, which may be placed along the oven interior.
  • the electrode assembly may be mounted within the oven by means of suitable insulated mounting studs 46 which serve to electrically isolate the electrodes from the housing 34.
  • Heavy capacity leads 48 connect the upper and lower electrodes assemblies with a conventional dielectric generator, not shown.
  • the details of the dielectric generator do not comprise a part of the present invention and are well known, a detailed discussion would not here be appropriate. It will suffice to understand that many generators of conventional design may be employed in the practice of the present invention to good advantage insofar as they may be capable of rendering a field frequency of from 1 to 300 megacycles per second at from about 2,000 to 25,000 volts.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 wherein the assembly is seen to comprise an upper, high potential electrode assembly 50 and a lower, low potential electrode assembly 52 which together comprise the total electrode array, generally denoted by numeral 54.
  • the upper and lower electrode assemblies 50, 52 which are of identical construction and electrode spacing, are seen to comprise a bus bar 56 supported at either end within the oven by the previously referred to insulated studs 46. Extending from each bus bar is a plurality of electrode fingers of equal length and decreasing spacing as viewed from left to right in FIGS. 2 and 3 (the tow also passing from left to right).
  • the electrode length and consequent capacity may be varied according to the drawing speed and percent moisture desired in the finally drawn tow.
  • the spacing between the upper, high potential electrode assembly 50 and the lower, grounded electrode assembly 52 which spacing is denoted by gap labeled G in FIG. 3, is dependent upon the tow thickness being processed, it being desired that this vertical electrode gap be of such dimension to pass the tow tangent to both the upper and lower fingers 58, 58, respectively. Where it is contemplated that tows of varying thickness will be processed, it will be found desirable to mount either or both electrode assemblies so that the vertical gap G may be adjusted whereby any air gap between the respective fingers and the tow surface is maintained at a minimum. Undue air gaps between the tow surface and the electrode fingers reduce the dielectric constant between the fingers and necessitate, for a given rate of heat-up, greater power inputs and a consequent loss in efiiciency of operation.
  • each electrode finger 58, 58', of both assemblies decreases from a maximum at the tow introduction end (the lefthand end as viewed in FIG. 2).
  • Such electrode finger spacing, labeled C in FIG. 3 is systematically decreased until it becomes quite small at the tow departure end.
  • Such an arrangement is found to provide a dielectric field of increasing intensity as one progresses downstream in the direction of tow travel, a cardinal feature in dielectric drawing operations where polar moisturizing agents are being employed to accelerate heat-up rates.
  • the high moisture tow entering the upstream end of the electrode assembly possesses a higher dielectric loss factor than the relatively drier tow passing through the downstream end of the assembly; therefore, a uniform heating rate throughout the dielectrically heated drawing zone may be maintained by increasing the field intensity as the moisture level of the tow decreases during heat-up, such an increasing field intensity being most expediently accomplished by means of the decreasing electrode finger spacing just described.
  • a further advantage to be found in this electrode spacing arrangement lies in the fact that, in the regions of higher moisture, arcing propensities are a maximum; that is, the threshold beyond which electrode arcing may occur is lower at the upstream end of the electrode assembly than at the downstream end. Therefore, a higher field intensity may be accommodated towards the downstream end where lower levels of moisture are encountered. This consideration joins very nicely with that which grows out of the observation that the field intensity must be increased in the face of decreasing moisture content if a substantially constant heat-up rate is to be maintained.
  • the outer extremities of the electrode fingers 58, 58' of the upper and lower electrode assemblies are arranged to overlap an amount at least equal to the width of the tow being processed, as seen in FIG. 2.
  • this overlap should be maintained as small as possible in order to provide maximum voltage density in the area served by each pair of upper and lower fingers.
  • the overlap is necessarily increased to accommodate such width and, if heat-up rate is to be maintained, the voltage must accordingly be increased to maintain a given field intensity. It will therefore appear that, where it is contemplated that tows of various denier will be processed, either one or both of the upper and lower electrode assemblies should be mounted so as to be adjustable within the plane of FIG.
  • the length of the electrode assembly will be determined by, inter alia, the material being processed, draw speed and ratio, polar liquid content, and electrode spacing, both vertical and horizontal.
  • Example I The principles and practice of this invention are further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limitative in that any variations in materials and conditions elsewhere indicated herein may be substituted in lieu of those set out in these examples
  • Example I The following example is illustrative of the practice of this process in the absence of any preconditioning of the tow, i.e., the tow was drawn at ambient conditions of 65% relative humidity at a temperature of 22 C. A uniformly spaced electrode arrangement was employed under these relatively dry conditions.
  • Bobbins of as-spun continuous filament polyester yarn from several spinning runs were placed upon a bobbin creel from whence the bobbin yarn ends were plied together into a unified tow bundle of 70,000 total denier. After plying, the tow was forwarded to a constant tension means in order to facilitate placing the filaments of the tow bundle under as nearly uniform tension as was practicable.
  • the tow bundle was forwarded by a pair of feed rolls operated at a peripheral surface speed of 11 f.p.m.
  • the feed rolls were so arranged that one roll was canted with respect to the other to permit making sufficient wraps of the tow thereupon to prevent slippage during drawing. In this instance 8 wraps were found sufiicient.
  • the tow was forwarded to the dielectric oven, through the dielectric cell therein and out to a pair of draw rolls with one roll canted with respect to the other whereon 8 wraps of the tow was made.
  • the draw rolls were operated at a peripheral speed of 54.5 f.p.m.
  • the differential speed existing between the feed and draw rolls provided a draw ratio of 4.95:1.
  • From the draw rolls the drawn tow was forwarded to a commercial take-up whereon the drawn tow is packaged onto a bobbin for subsequent processing into staple yarn.
  • the dielectric cell utilized consisted of a pair of multifingered electrodes affixed to high and ground potential bus bars.
  • the electrodes of the cell were arranged in a staggered, parallel and overlapping relationship spaced apart a distance sufficient to permit the passage of the 70,000 denier tow bundle with a tangential contact being made between the tow and the electrodes.
  • Each bus bar had affixed thereto 37 finger electrodes spaced on /2 inch centers. Said electrodes were A inch in diameter.
  • the tow bundle was subjected to a uniformly intense dielectric field strength of approximately 8500 volts per inch at an applied voltage of 3000 volts at a frequency of 27 megacycles per second. (The field intensity is calculated by dividing the voltage drop across the electrodes by the distance existing between adjacent high and ground potential electrodes. In the case at hand this distance was about 0.35 inch.)
  • the tow was cut into staple samples and examined to determine their physical properties and the degree of level dyeing. These tests revealed the drawn staple had a filament denier of 1.91, a tenacity of 6.55 g.p.d., an elongation of 32.1%, a modulus of g.p.d. and an average dark dye defect count per 100 grains of staple yarn of 45.
  • the dark dye defect count is determined, in the examples here set forth, according to a procedure wherein a drawn staple sample is prepared by crimping approximately 100 grams of drawn tow to impart 10 to 12 crimps per inch thereto. The crimped tow is then skeined and placed in a hot air oven and heated for 9 minutes at C. The heat set tow is then cut into staple lengths of 1 to 1% inches and dyed (in the present examples,
  • Example 11 The following example illustrates the process employing the use of a polar moisturizing agent at ambient temperature using graduated electrode spacing.
  • a continuous filament polyester tow bundle of 63,000 total denier was plied together as described in Example I. From the constant tension means the tow was forwarded through a preconditioning chamber wherein water at a temperature of C. was mist sprayed upon the tow. The tow departed the preconditioning chamber after residing therein for 2.5 seconds with a moisture level of 7.5% by weight of dry tow.
  • the moisturized tow was then forwarded by feed rolls of the same construction as those in Example I operating at a peripheral speed of 74.4 f.p.m. From the feed rolls, the tow was forwarded into a dielectric oven and through the dielectric cell housed therein wherein the tow was elevated to a uniform temperature of 90 C. by the dielectric energy supplied thereto to facilitate uniform drawing. While the tow was under the influence of the dielectric field, it was simultaneously subjected to drawing provided by a pair of draw rolls, as in Example I, operated at a peripheral speed of 320 f.p.m. The differential in speed between the feed and draw rolls provided a draw ratio of 4.3:1. From the draw rolls, the drawn tow was forwarded to a commercial take-up winder and wound on a bobbin for subsequent cutting into staple yarn.
  • the dielectric cell utilized was 42 inches in length with the finger electrodes arranged in a parallel and overlapping spaced relationship to provide passage of the tow therethrough.
  • the fingers were overlapped about 1 inch to accommodate this size tow.
  • the finger electrodes were /2 inch in diameter and were spaced along the length of the cell at an ever decreasing center distance such that the widest electrode spacing occurred at the tow entrance end to the cell and narrowest electrode spacing occurred at the tow exit end of the cell.
  • this electrode arrangement provides for an increasing field strength to be applied to the tow as it progresses through the cell.
  • a voltage of 3000 volts at a frequency of 27 megacycles per second was applied to the cell electrodes. This voltage provided a field intensity varying from approximately 1850 volts per inch at the tow entrance to the cell to 3750 volts per inch at the tow exit end of the cell.
  • Example III The tow was forwarded from the tow bundle forming guide to a constant tensioning means and thence into a preconditioning chamber wherein the tow was subjected to a water mist spray having a temperature of 50 C.
  • the preconditioned tow was subsequently forwarded by means of feed rolls, through the dielectric oven to draw rolls and thence to a commercial take-up winder for packaging onto a bobbin for later processing into staple yarn. All of this equipment was identical to that of Example II.
  • the feed rolls were operated at a peripheral speed of 76.4 f.p.m. and the draw rolls at 320 f.p.m. to provide a draw ratio of 42:1.
  • the dielectric cell was operated at the same voltage and frequency as that in Example II.
  • the dielectric oven was operated at an environmental temperature of C.
  • the moisture content of the drawn tow was measured to be 0.3% by weight.
  • the tow was cut into staple yarn and tested for physical properties and was found to have a denier per filament of 1.55, a tenacity of 5.7 g.p.d., an elongation of 44.0%, a modulus of 46 g.p.d. and an average dark dye count per grains of staple of 20.
  • the specific birefringence of these samples was measured to be 0.190.
  • Example 1V Bobbins of as-spun continuous filament nylon 66 (polyhexamethylene adipamide) yarn from several spinning runs were placed upon a bobbin creel and plied together into a unified tow bundle of 40,000 total denier. After plying the tow, it was forwarded to a constant tension means to impart as nearly a constant tension to each filament of the tow as was possible.
  • nylon 66 polyhexamethylene adipamide
  • the tow bundle was forwarded by a pair of feed rolls operated at a peripheral speed of 31 f.p.m.
  • the feed rolls were arranged as in Example I.
  • the tow was forwarded to the dielectric oven, through the dielectric cell residing therein and out to a pair of draw rolls operating at f.p.m.
  • the differential in speed existing between the feed and draw rolls provided a draw ratio of 4.0: 1.
  • From the draw rolls the drawn tow was packaged onto a bobbin by a commercial take-up for subsequent processing into staple yarn.
  • the dielectric cell, applied voltage, frequency and field intensity utilized were the same as described in Example I.
  • Example V A bobbin of 840/ nylon 66 (tire yarn) was processed identically as the tow of Example IV with the exception that a draw pin was placed in the dielectric field to localize the draw point. One wrap of the yarn was made around the draw pin.
  • the feed rolls were operated at a peripheral speed of 19.61 f.p.m. and the draw rolls at 125 f.p.m. to provide a draw ratio of 6.37: 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US488628A 1965-09-20 1965-09-20 Filament orientation process Expired - Lifetime US3364294A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US488628A US3364294A (en) 1965-09-20 1965-09-20 Filament orientation process
IL26497A IL26497A (en) 1965-09-20 1966-09-12 Tow drawing process
GB40717/66A GB1153682A (en) 1965-09-20 1966-09-12 Tow Drawing Process for Synthetic Filaments
LU51952D LU51952A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1965-09-20 1966-09-13
BE687076D BE687076A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1965-09-20 1966-09-19
FR76859A FR1493951A (fr) 1965-09-20 1966-09-19 Procédé d'étirage de câbles de filaments synthétiques à fort titrage en deniers
CH1354066A CH457701A (fr) 1965-09-20 1966-09-20 Procédé d'orientation uniforme de filaments synthétiques
DE19661660484 DE1660484A1 (de) 1965-09-20 1966-09-20 Verfahren zum gleichfoermigen Orientieren von synthetischen Faeden in Form von Kabeln oder Tauen mit grossem Titer
NL6613269A NL6613269A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1965-09-20 1966-09-20

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48834165A 1965-09-20 1965-09-20
US488628A US3364294A (en) 1965-09-20 1965-09-20 Filament orientation process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3364294A true US3364294A (en) 1968-01-16

Family

ID=27049317

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US488628A Expired - Lifetime US3364294A (en) 1965-09-20 1965-09-20 Filament orientation process

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3364294A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE687076A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH457701A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE1660484A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1153682A (enrdf_load_html_response)
IL (1) IL26497A (enrdf_load_html_response)
LU (1) LU51952A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL6613269A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3469054A (en) * 1967-03-15 1969-09-23 Bangor Punta Operations Inc Shielded dielectric heating apparatus
US3511905A (en) * 1967-08-22 1970-05-12 Viscose Suisse Soc Process for the preparation of synthetic polymer filaments
US3619538A (en) * 1970-03-03 1971-11-09 Ppg Industries Inc Process and apparatus for high-frequency electrical drying of fibrous strand
US3701875A (en) * 1969-06-30 1972-10-31 Intertherm Ltd H. f. heating apparatus
US3731038A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-05-01 Patents And Dev Ltd Zero-mode microwave applicator
US4027466A (en) * 1975-06-17 1977-06-07 Heberlein Maschinenfabrik Ag Process for continuously treating thermoplastic yarns
US4192047A (en) * 1977-01-27 1980-03-11 John Heathcoat & Company Limited Method of treating multifilament synthetic yarn
EP0084274A1 (en) * 1981-12-24 1983-07-27 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Process for the production of ultrahigh-modulus polymers
US4801419A (en) * 1984-03-30 1989-01-31 National Research Development Corporation Solid phase deformation of thermoplastic tubes
US6210622B1 (en) * 1999-07-19 2001-04-03 Arteva North America S.A.R.L. Process of making polymeric fibers
US10246813B2 (en) * 2013-12-09 2019-04-02 Whirlpool Corporation Method for drying articles
US10323881B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2019-06-18 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for drying articles
US10533798B2 (en) 2013-08-14 2020-01-14 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US10655270B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2020-05-19 Whirlpool Corporation Apparatus for drying articles
US10816586B2 (en) 2013-10-16 2020-10-27 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting an energized e-field
US10837702B2 (en) 2013-08-23 2020-11-17 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
CN114318559A (zh) * 2022-01-07 2022-04-12 广东永锐实业有限公司 一种尼龙丝在线加湿的制备方法及其应用

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2456384A (en) * 1946-06-04 1948-12-14 Du Pont Thermal-stretching apparatus for yarn
US2692875A (en) * 1949-06-17 1954-10-26 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Methacrylonitrile-acrylonitrile copolymers and fibers thereof
US3032856A (en) * 1958-12-12 1962-05-08 Fleissner G M B H Fa Apparatus for treating yarn, thread, ribbons and the like elongated material capableof being stretched
US3081485A (en) * 1958-11-20 1963-03-19 Steigerwald Karl Heinz Process and apparatus for treating synthetic plastic materials
US3205334A (en) * 1963-07-30 1965-09-07 Radio Frequency Company Inc Textile thread heating apparatus
US3263052A (en) * 1963-09-11 1966-07-26 Cryodry Corp Power distribution system for microwave process chambers

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2456384A (en) * 1946-06-04 1948-12-14 Du Pont Thermal-stretching apparatus for yarn
US2692875A (en) * 1949-06-17 1954-10-26 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Methacrylonitrile-acrylonitrile copolymers and fibers thereof
US3081485A (en) * 1958-11-20 1963-03-19 Steigerwald Karl Heinz Process and apparatus for treating synthetic plastic materials
US3032856A (en) * 1958-12-12 1962-05-08 Fleissner G M B H Fa Apparatus for treating yarn, thread, ribbons and the like elongated material capableof being stretched
US3205334A (en) * 1963-07-30 1965-09-07 Radio Frequency Company Inc Textile thread heating apparatus
US3263052A (en) * 1963-09-11 1966-07-26 Cryodry Corp Power distribution system for microwave process chambers

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3469054A (en) * 1967-03-15 1969-09-23 Bangor Punta Operations Inc Shielded dielectric heating apparatus
US3511905A (en) * 1967-08-22 1970-05-12 Viscose Suisse Soc Process for the preparation of synthetic polymer filaments
US3701875A (en) * 1969-06-30 1972-10-31 Intertherm Ltd H. f. heating apparatus
US3619538A (en) * 1970-03-03 1971-11-09 Ppg Industries Inc Process and apparatus for high-frequency electrical drying of fibrous strand
US3731038A (en) * 1971-02-22 1973-05-01 Patents And Dev Ltd Zero-mode microwave applicator
US4027466A (en) * 1975-06-17 1977-06-07 Heberlein Maschinenfabrik Ag Process for continuously treating thermoplastic yarns
US4192047A (en) * 1977-01-27 1980-03-11 John Heathcoat & Company Limited Method of treating multifilament synthetic yarn
EP0084274A1 (en) * 1981-12-24 1983-07-27 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Process for the production of ultrahigh-modulus polymers
US4497759A (en) * 1981-12-24 1985-02-05 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation Drawing of polyoxymethylene using dielectric heating
US4801419A (en) * 1984-03-30 1989-01-31 National Research Development Corporation Solid phase deformation of thermoplastic tubes
US6210622B1 (en) * 1999-07-19 2001-04-03 Arteva North America S.A.R.L. Process of making polymeric fibers
US10823502B2 (en) * 2013-08-14 2020-11-03 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US10533798B2 (en) 2013-08-14 2020-01-14 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US11459696B2 (en) 2013-08-23 2022-10-04 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US10837702B2 (en) 2013-08-23 2020-11-17 Whirlpool Corporation Appliance for drying articles
US10323881B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2019-06-18 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for drying articles
US11029088B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2021-06-08 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for drying articles
US11686037B2 (en) 2013-10-02 2023-06-27 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for drying articles
US10816586B2 (en) 2013-10-16 2020-10-27 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting an energized e-field
US11519130B2 (en) 2013-10-16 2022-12-06 Whirlpool Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting an energized e-field
US10246813B2 (en) * 2013-12-09 2019-04-02 Whirlpool Corporation Method for drying articles
US10655270B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2020-05-19 Whirlpool Corporation Apparatus for drying articles
US11078619B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2021-08-03 Whirlpool Corporation Apparatus for drying articles
US11692298B2 (en) 2015-03-23 2023-07-04 Whirlpool Corporation Method of drying articles
CN114318559A (zh) * 2022-01-07 2022-04-12 广东永锐实业有限公司 一种尼龙丝在线加湿的制备方法及其应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1153682A (en) 1969-05-29
BE687076A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1967-03-20
IL26497A (en) 1970-04-20
DE1660484A1 (de) 1971-03-18
LU51952A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1967-03-13
NL6613269A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1967-03-21
CH457701A (fr) 1968-06-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3364294A (en) Filament orientation process
US2974391A (en) Process and apparatus for making crimped filaments
US3388030A (en) Twistless synthetic multifilament yarns and process for making the same
US4115985A (en) Method of apparatus for the thermal treatment of textiles articles
US4104019A (en) Fixation of dyes and other chemicals in textile fibres
US3729831A (en) Process and apparatus for continuously relaxing textile yarns
CA1056570A (en) Process for the production of polyamide-6 filament yarns
US3657871A (en) Method and apparatus for spreading or dividing yarn, tow or the like
US2402609A (en) Device for treating filamentary material
US3003222A (en) Controlled relaxation of freshly drawn nylon
US3101990A (en) Process of drawing filamentary structures
US2495053A (en) Drying of yarns and the like
US3311961A (en) Process for treating filamentary material
US4293518A (en) Control of synthetic yarns during drawing with heated rolls
US3452130A (en) Jet initiated drawing process
GB984922A (en) Improvements in or relating to drawing and crimping synthetic polymer filaments
US4539805A (en) Process and apparatus for producing easily dyeable polyester false-twisted yarns
US3112551A (en) Process for the manufacture of crimped filament yarns
US3947538A (en) Process for uniformily drawing a tow of filaments
US3651201A (en) High-elongation-and-tenacity nylon tire yarn
Thorsen et al. A corona-discharge method of producing shrink-resistant wool and mohair: part III: a pilot-scale top treatment reactor
US3567817A (en) Polyester tow preheating and drawing process
US3694872A (en) Apparatus for drawing thermo-plastic filaments in a high temperature gas vortex
US3671623A (en) Method of drawing and heat treating synthetic filaments
KR900008260B1 (ko) 경사 또는 프랙션의 제조방법