US3363081A - Magnetic device to lift and melt a body without any holder - Google Patents

Magnetic device to lift and melt a body without any holder Download PDF

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Publication number
US3363081A
US3363081A US412682A US41268264A US3363081A US 3363081 A US3363081 A US 3363081A US 412682 A US412682 A US 412682A US 41268264 A US41268264 A US 41268264A US 3363081 A US3363081 A US 3363081A
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magnetic field
coils
core
axis
field
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US412682A
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Noiret Maurice
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
    • H05B6/32—Arrangements for simultaneous levitation and heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Magnetic device for the levitation and the fusion of an electrically conducting body comprising two cylindrical coils having the same horizontal axis and a cylindrical core made of conductive material located inside each coil.
  • the present invention provides a remedy for these drawbacks. Its object is to provide a device allowing the fusion of an electrically conductive body under such conditions that no impurities can contaminate this body when it is in its liquid state.
  • This device is characterized by the fact that the fusion of the body is realized under the action of the heat emitted by the eddy currents generated through the action of a high frequency electromagnetic intense field (designated in the following by magnetic field) said field serving also as a support for maintaining the body in a stable position of equilibrium without resort to use of a mechanical holder of any kind in contact with the body.
  • the application point of the magnetic forces counter-acting the effect of the gravity forces on the body must be situated inside a volume or area in which the magnetic field passes through a point or region of minimum intensity.
  • the magnetic field gradient in the whole region where the body is situated must also be negative so as to insure that the body will be properly supported.
  • the generated magnetic field is oriented such that the course or path of movement that the body would tend to take under the action of the force of gravity will cut lines of field of increasing intensities which are opposed to this displacement.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a classical magnetic device of the invention and FIGURE 2 shows the curve of the distribution of the magnetic field in a determined plane.
  • FIGURES 3, 5 and 7 represent variations of the embodiment of the device according to the invention, the corresponding curves of the distribution of the magnetic field generated by said device in a determined plane being illustrated by FIGURES 4, 6, 8.
  • FIGURE 9 shows a conventional cooling system utilized with the invention.
  • FIGURE 10 is a section along line X-X in FIG- URE 7.
  • FIGURE 1 In FIGURE 1 are shown two cylindrical coils schematically represented by their windings 1 and 2 and placed along a common horizontal axis A.
  • a body 3 for example, constituted by a conductive material, is placed on the axis A, at equal distances from the coils 1 and 2.
  • a current flows through the coils 1 and 2
  • a magnetic field appears, the lines of force of which are represented in 4. If one investigates the distribution of the field so created in the symmetry plane of the device, one knows that the field is maximum at the point C which is the intersection of the axis A and of the trace D of the above mentioned symmetry plane.
  • the variations of the magnetic induction B as a function of the radial distance R are represented in FIGURE 2.
  • this induction is maximum at the point C and decreases as the distance from the axis A increases.
  • a solid spherical body, the center of which coincides with the point C is therefore in a position of unstable equilibrium since it is subjected to the force of gravity but not to any electrically originated force tending to oppose gravity however, as soon as its center swerves from the point C, the forces due to the magnetic field tend to force it back to point C, because, as is well known, a body tends to place itself in a position where it embraces a minimum flux.
  • the device according to the invention shown in FIG- URE 3 makes it possible to obtain a magnetic field, the outline of which, in the space, does not have a vertical axis of revolution, and the intensity of which presents a minimum at point C.
  • the point C is in a position of stable equilibrium for a spherical body, the center of which is placed in the immediate vicinity of this point.
  • the device comprises two coils schematically represented by their windings 1 and 2 and a core including two elements 5 and 5' constituted of a conductive material, for example, copper cooled by liquid circulation.
  • the axis of the field coincides with the axis of the coils 1 and 2, which behave like a diamagnetic body I when submitted to a high frequency magnetic field.
  • the coils 1 and 2 are supplied with a high frequency alternating current, such that the field lines crossing the core 5 concentrate on the core periphery and one observes a certain pinching of the, field lines 4.
  • the point C corresponds to a minimum field, the variation of this latter being represented on FIGURE 4.
  • the core is placed above the symmetry axis A of the coils 1 and 2.
  • the minimum magnetic field is then no longer found at the point C but is positioned above this point, as shown in FIGURE 6.
  • the position of the body 3 is however a position of stable equilibrium, the curve on FIGURE 6 showing that the forces exerted by the magnetic field on the body 3 push the body upwards with a force sufficient to oppose the opposite forces due to gravity. 7
  • FIGURE 7 represents another embodiment according to the invention in which the coils 1 and 2 include a field concentrator constituted by a cylinder having two parts 6 and 6 made of conductive metal, the cylinder being split, as seen in FIGURE 10, along one of its generating lines. Inside the cylinder are set the cores 5 and 5 tangentially to the internal surface of the cylinder parts 6 and 6'. The result of this disposition is the alteration of the distribution curve of the field, shown in FIGURE 8, the decrease of the field being steeper as the distance from the axis A increases.
  • the field concentrator 6 is cooled in a conventional manner by liquid circulation as indicated below with reference to FIGURE 9.
  • FIGURE 9 illustrates, by way of example, one conventional means for cooling the cores 5 and 5' (illustrated with respect to the core 5 only).
  • the core 5 is provided in the form of a hollow finger 51 having a thickness greater than that affected by the skin-effect of the magnetic field.
  • the core 5 is provided with a cavity 52 where a cooling liquid, for example water, may circulate.
  • the cavity '52 is closed by a copper disc 54 which may be soldered into the opening or recess 53 and a pair of pipes 55 and 56 extend through the disc 54 for distributing the cooling water to and from the cavity in accordance with the arrows in the figure.
  • the extremities of the pole-pieces of the coils 1 and 2 constituted by the cores 5 and 5 may be plane or have the shape of a portion of a sphere with a diameter equal to or greater than that of the cores 5 and 5.
  • the different shapes of said extremities depending on the nature of the body which is intended to be lifted and melted, the pole shoe of the pole pieces allowing a higher concentration of the field.
  • the above described device is placed in a leak proof enclosure, not represented in the figures, which is brought up to a high degree of vacuum.
  • coil means generating a high frequency magnetic field including a pair of coils positioned substantially coaxially with a horizontal axis, and
  • core means including a core member placed in the inner magnetic field within each of said coils, said core members being made of an electrically conductive material having a diamagnetic behavior upon the action of a high frequency magnetic field, said coils and said core members being respectively positioned symmetrically with respect to a common vertical plane defining a minimum magnetic field region situated outside of each of said coils.
  • a magnetic device according to claim 2 wherein said core members have a common axis of symmetry coinciding with the horizontal axis of said coils.
  • a magnetic device according to claim 1 wherein said core members have a common axis of symmetry parallel to and offset from the axis of said coils in a direction opposite to that of gravity.
  • a device including field concentrators having a substantially hollow cylindrical shape, positioned at the inner part of said coils and coaxial therewith and surrounding said core members, said concentrators being made of an electrically conductive material.
  • a device according to claim 1 wherein the facing extremities of said core members have a partially spherical shape.
  • said core members include cooling means for effecting cooling thereof.
  • a device according to claim 5 wherein said concentrator includes cooling means for effecting cooling thereof.
  • a device comprising leakproof housing means and pumping means for establishing a high degree of vacuum in said housing means.
  • a device according to claim 5 wherein said core members are positioned adjacent to the inner surface of said field concentrations.
  • a device for melting a body of electrically conductive material comprising coil means generating a high frequency magnetic field including a pair of spaced substantially co-axial coils having a common horizontal axis, and
  • core means including individual conductive core mem bers placed within each of said coils in spaced relationship Within the magnetic field thereof so as to have a diamagnetic effect upon the action of said high frequency magnetic field.
  • a device for melting a body of electrically conductive material comprising coil means generating a high frequency magnetic field A including a pair of substantially co-axial coils, and a body of conductive material to be melted positioned at the point of intersection of a plane of symmetry passing between said pair of coils and being transverse to the axis of said coils having a common horizontal axis, core means including individual conductive core members placed within each of said coils within the magnetic field thereof so as to have a diamagnetic efiect ifilpltzin the action of said high frequency magnetic e said core means being offset with respect to the axis of said coil means so as to provide a non-symmetrical magnetic field within the area of said body.
  • a device for melting a body of electrically conductive material comprising coil means generating a high frequency magnetic field including a pair of substantially co-axial coils having a common horizontal axis, and core means including individual conductive core members placed within each of said coils within the magnetic field thereof so as to have a diamagnetic effect upon the action of said high frequency magnetic field.
  • 'a device for melting a body of electrically conductive material comprising coil means generating a high frequency magnetic field including a pair of substantially co-axial coils having a common horizontal axis, and core means including individual conductive core members placed within each of said coils within the magnetic field thereof so as to have a diamagnetic effect upon the action of said high frequency magnetic field, said core means being offset with respect to the axis of said coil means so as to provide a non-symmetrical magnetic field within the area of said body.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
US412682A 1963-11-21 1964-11-20 Magnetic device to lift and melt a body without any holder Expired - Lifetime US3363081A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR954591A FR1389486A (fr) 1963-11-21 1963-11-21 Dispositif magnétique de lévitation et de fusion

Publications (1)

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US3363081A true US3363081A (en) 1968-01-09

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US412682A Expired - Lifetime US3363081A (en) 1963-11-21 1964-11-20 Magnetic device to lift and melt a body without any holder

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US (1) US3363081A (de)
BE (1) BE655473A (de)
DE (1) DE1565467A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1389486A (de)
GB (1) GB1075122A (de)
NL (1) NL6413584A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3708644A (en) * 1971-07-28 1973-01-02 E Mikhailovich Method of increasing strength of vessels, particularly high-pressure vessels
US3947533A (en) * 1974-06-14 1976-03-30 Biomagnetics, International Inc. Magnetic field expansion and compression method
US5747780A (en) * 1995-02-14 1998-05-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for conveying and processing a wafer in a physically contact-free state
WO2006021245A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2006-03-02 Corus Technology Bv Apparatus and method for levitation of an amount of conductive material
US20080190908A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2008-08-14 Janis Priede Apparatus And Method For Levitation Of An Amount Of Conductive Material
TWI727370B (zh) * 2018-07-17 2021-05-11 德商Ａｌｄ真空工業股份有限公司 產生鑄件之方法及用於懸浮熔融的導電材料之裝置
TWI736936B (zh) * 2018-07-17 2021-08-21 德商Ａｌｄ真空工業股份有限公司 產生鑄件之方法及用於懸浮熔融導電材料之裝置
US11192179B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2021-12-07 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Levitation melting method using an annular element

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2816432C2 (de) * 1978-04-15 1983-03-10 Erno-Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh, 2800 Bremen Verfahren zur Durchführung berührungsloser Schmelz- und Erstarrungsvorgänge von Probekörpern

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB622023A (en) * 1944-04-26 1949-04-26 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to devices for heating by high-frequency alternating currents
US2664496A (en) * 1952-11-25 1953-12-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Apparatus for the magnetic levitation and heating of conductive materials
US2686864A (en) * 1951-01-17 1954-08-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetic levitation and heating of conductive materials
CA567268A (en) * 1958-12-09 C. Okress Ernest Levitation and heating of electrically conductive materials by means of electromagnetic resonators
US2957064A (en) * 1958-09-30 1960-10-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Stabilizing of levitation melting

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA567268A (en) * 1958-12-09 C. Okress Ernest Levitation and heating of electrically conductive materials by means of electromagnetic resonators
GB622023A (en) * 1944-04-26 1949-04-26 Philips Nv Improvements in or relating to devices for heating by high-frequency alternating currents
US2686864A (en) * 1951-01-17 1954-08-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetic levitation and heating of conductive materials
US2664496A (en) * 1952-11-25 1953-12-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Apparatus for the magnetic levitation and heating of conductive materials
US2957064A (en) * 1958-09-30 1960-10-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Stabilizing of levitation melting

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3708644A (en) * 1971-07-28 1973-01-02 E Mikhailovich Method of increasing strength of vessels, particularly high-pressure vessels
US3947533A (en) * 1974-06-14 1976-03-30 Biomagnetics, International Inc. Magnetic field expansion and compression method
US5747780A (en) * 1995-02-14 1998-05-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for conveying and processing a wafer in a physically contact-free state
WO2006021245A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2006-03-02 Corus Technology Bv Apparatus and method for levitation of an amount of conductive material
US20080190908A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2008-08-14 Janis Priede Apparatus And Method For Levitation Of An Amount Of Conductive Material
AU2005276729B2 (en) * 2004-08-23 2010-08-26 Tata Steel Nederland Technology B.V. Apparatus and method for levitation of an amount of conductive material
CN101006751B (zh) * 2004-08-23 2011-04-27 塔塔钢铁荷兰科技有限责任公司 用于使适量的导电材料悬浮的设备和方法
US7973267B2 (en) 2004-08-23 2011-07-05 Tata Steel Nederland Technology Bv Apparatus and method for levitation of an amount of conductive material
TWI727370B (zh) * 2018-07-17 2021-05-11 德商Ａｌｄ真空工業股份有限公司 產生鑄件之方法及用於懸浮熔融的導電材料之裝置
TWI736936B (zh) * 2018-07-17 2021-08-21 德商Ａｌｄ真空工業股份有限公司 產生鑄件之方法及用於懸浮熔融導電材料之裝置
US11102850B1 (en) 2018-07-17 2021-08-24 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Device and method for levitation melting using induction units which are arranged in a tilted manner
US11197351B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2021-12-07 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Levitation melting method using movable induction units
US11192179B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2021-12-07 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Levitation melting method using an annular element
TWI757611B (zh) * 2018-07-17 2022-03-11 德商Ａｌｄ真空工業股份有限公司 產生鑄件之方法、用於懸浮熔融導電材料之裝置及由導電材料組成的環形元件的用途

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1565467A1 (de) 1970-04-16
FR1389486A (fr) 1965-02-19
BE655473A (de) 1900-01-01
GB1075122A (en) 1967-07-12
NL6413584A (de) 1965-05-24

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