US3362869A - Method of forming machine glazed extensible paper - Google Patents

Method of forming machine glazed extensible paper Download PDF

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Publication number
US3362869A
US3362869A US424895A US42489565A US3362869A US 3362869 A US3362869 A US 3362869A US 424895 A US424895 A US 424895A US 42489565 A US42489565 A US 42489565A US 3362869 A US3362869 A US 3362869A
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United States
Prior art keywords
web
paper
cylinder
solution
glazing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US424895A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hewitt S Welsh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clupak Inc
Original Assignee
Clupak Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clupak Inc filed Critical Clupak Inc
Priority to US424895A priority Critical patent/US3362869A/en
Priority to SE2455/65A priority patent/SE308660B/xx
Priority to GB8159/65A priority patent/GB1097475A/en
Priority to FR10185A priority patent/FR1439100A/fr
Priority to DE19651546332 priority patent/DE1546332A1/de
Priority to FI651543A priority patent/FI43816C/fi
Priority to AT624965A priority patent/AT280761B/de
Priority to NL6509250A priority patent/NL6509250A/xx
Priority to BE667827A priority patent/BE667827A/xx
Priority to ES0321659A priority patent/ES321659A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3362869A publication Critical patent/US3362869A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/009—Apparatus for glaze-coating paper webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/24—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for having enhanced flexibility or extensibility produced by mechanical treatment of the unfinished paper
    • D21H5/245—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for having enhanced flexibility or extensibility produced by mechanical treatment of the unfinished paper obtained by compressing the (moist) paper in directions lying in, and optionally perpendicular to, the paper plane, e.g. plain-surfaced Clupak papers

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Process for producing a machine glazed extensible web by applying an aqueous solution of adhesive to one face of the web and subsequently drying the web against the surface of a polished glazing cylinder.
  • This invention includes forming a wet laid web, compacting the web by mechanically pushing and crowding the fibers of the web together in the space between the Web faces by forces ap plied in a direction parallel to the web faces and opposed to the direction of its movement, then plasticizing the surface fibers of the web by applying a water thin solution of adhesive to one surface of the web, and then urging the surface of the web to which the adhesive has been applied, against the surface of a heated glazing cylinder under sufiicient pressure to cause a total adhesion of the web to the surface of the cylinder, and thereafter drying the web on the cylinder.
  • the present invention relates to machine glazed extensible paper and to a method and apparatus for glazing of extensible paper. More particularly, the present invention relates to the making of extensible paper having a high specular gloss.
  • the paper in a highly moist condition is placed against a heated, smooth surfaced rotating roll and dried while in contact therewith.
  • This roll is the machine glazing cylinder or Yankee roll.
  • the drying of the paper sheet or web against the polished surface of the roll causes the contacting side of the web to take on a fine glazed, glossy surface due to the plastic condition of the surface of the web which conforms to the polished surface of the roll.
  • the resulting fiat web, which has been put through the Yankee machine is known in the trade as machine glazed paper or simply M.G. M.G. paper has a high specular gloss and is generally in the range of 25 gloss as measured by the L.R.L. Gloss Meter, Serial No. 1.
  • the manufacture of extensible paper requires a treatment of the paper web while the web is in a moist, plastic condition.
  • the paper web is made extensible by machine compaction, ability to stretch without rupture is 3,362,869 Patented Jan. 9, 1968 imparted to the web by means of a mechanical compressive shrinkage technique.
  • machine compaction it has been found preferable to compact the web at a time during its manufacture when its moisture content by weight is in the range of approximately 30% to 40%.
  • the compacted paper Web can be subsequently placed against a heated dryer roll for the purposes of removing water; however, the process of glazing cannot be readily efiected because the moisture content of the Web is too low to obtain sufiicient adhesion to a dryer roll surface.
  • the present inventor knew that friction glazing does not impart a gloss comparable to M.G. He knew that super-calendering would produce a high gloss; but subjecting the relatively dry extensible web to super-calendering would be a costly operation and would, to some extent, destroy extensibility and impair the strength imparted previously to the web. He knew that a web of paper once dried of moisture can be later rewet throughout its fibrous network but that the moisture content throughout the thickness of the web is not uniform unless a lengthy period of time is provided in which the moisture content can come to equilibrium. Paper which is not uniformly rewetted will not have a uniformly glazed finish after being placed on a machine glazing cylinder.
  • a water-thin solution of adhesive might be applied to the relatively dry traveling web just prior to the placing of the web against the Yankee roll to produce a glazed extensible paper equivalent to that obtained by the usual commercial machine glazing of conventional paper.
  • a further object is to provide an apparatus and method for imparting a high gloss to a moving web of extensible paper.
  • Another object is to provide a method and apparatus for imparting a machine glazed surface to a mechanically compacted web by surface treating such web and subsequently drying the web on a polished roll without substantial loss of extensibility.
  • a further object is to provide a method of making machine glazed extensible paper which is compatible with and adaptable to modern paper making processes.
  • a further object is to provide as an article of manufacture, a machine glazed extensible paper.
  • the foregoing and other objects of the present invention are accomplished by preparing a paper web so that it has extensibility in excess of its primitive extensibility, surface treating the web with a water-thin solution of adhesive without any substantial disturbing or relaxing of the fibre network of the web, and subsequently drying the web so treated on a dryer roll so that a high gloss is imparted to the treated web surface.
  • FIGURE 1 is a flow diagram setting out the method of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic side elevation of the apparatus employed in the practice of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is a detail of application means, in side elevation.
  • FIGURE 4 is a detail of application means in frontal elevation.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a flow diagram setting out an embodiment of the method of the present invention.
  • the paper Web is formed in any conventionad manner, for example, a water-laid furnish of cellulose.
  • the web is then partially dried to a coherent structure.
  • the web is then made extensible. Any apparatus such as the Cluett mechanical compaction apparatus would be applicable to impart extensibility to the web.
  • a paper with sufficient water removed to create a coherent fibrous structure is submitted to a process which pushes and crowds the fibres of the web together in the space between the opposed faces of the web as laid by forces applied in the direction parallel to the faces of the web and opposed to the direction of its lengthwise movement continuously and uniformly over the web.
  • the modified orientation of fibres and fibrils is retained in the dry state and the sheet takes on firmness and strength due to the mutual adherence of the finely entangled structures within the Web.
  • a resistance to deformation is produced which allows continuous deformation in the direction of extensibility until rupture occurs.
  • Means are available for imparting extensibility to a web in multiple crossing directions so that continuous re sistance to deformation is exhibited in more than one direction.
  • the elongation is characterized by no substantial decrease in thickness of the web.
  • the extensible web is then passed through an applicatormeans which applies a water-thin solution of adhesive to one surface of the web.
  • the treated surface is then placed against the polished surface of a machine glazing cylinder before the water has an opportunity to penetrate substantially into the body of the web.
  • the web is removed from the roll after removal of all but a residual amount of moisture and is found to have a high gloss on the surface which was adhered to the cylinder. Since less total water is present in the web at the point of contact with the glazing cylinder, less drying during the glazing period is required than in conventional commercial operations.
  • the lineal speed of the web can be increased or, in the alternative, 21 small cylinder can be used without loss of capacity. This is an advantage since larger cylinder diameters necessitate an increase in dryer shell thickness which retards heat transfer and largely nullifies gains realized from larger drying areas. Furthermore, associated problems of fabrication, spacing and shipping make utilization of the smallest possible cylinder desirable.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates one embodiment of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • This figure shows a mechanical compaction apparatus 1 into which the web 2 is introduced after having been dried to approximately 30% to 40% moisture by weight.
  • the compaction apparatus imparts extensibility to the moving web. Extensibility of zero to 25% or more can be imparted to the web by a single unit. Further operations on the web may be carried out for even greater extensibility.
  • the web is moved along suitably mounted rollers 3 and 4. After compaction, the Web has approximately 25% to 35% moisture by weight.
  • the method of imparting extensibility by mechanical compaction is set out in United States Patent No. 2,624,245 and reference can be made to that patent for the technical details of mechanical compaction.
  • a flexible blade 5 is mounted by mounting means 6 so that it rides in tension against one surface of the moving web.
  • a water-thin solution of adhesive 7 is applied to the trailing surface 8 of the blade which then transports it to the surface of the Web and applies it thereon in a uniform fashion.
  • a storage tank 9 is located in proximity to the applicator blade 5.
  • a pipe or conduit 10 connected to the tank transports the water-thin solution to the upper portion of the trailing surface of the blade.
  • the solution is carried from the tank to the blade by a gravity feed as shown in FIG- URE 2; but a pump located in the feed line from the storage tank would allow placement of the tank at any convenient point.
  • a metering valve 11 is disposed in the line from the tank so that the amount of solution applied to the surface of the web per linear foot can be precisely controlled.
  • a steam coil 12 is disposed within the storage tank to provide a means for controlling the temperature of the solution. The temperature is not critical, but it is desirable to heat the solution to reduce the amount of heat required for drying of the paper web. It can be readily seen that any heating device which would not contaminate the solution could be readily employed such as electric heaters.
  • Roll 14 is a pressure rol-l. This roll is loaded in a conventional manner so that it applies enough pressure to cause the moving web to adhere to the polished surface of the glazing cylinder.
  • the nip pressure produced by roll 14 and the drum 15 must be sufficient to adhere initially the plastic surface of the Web to the polished contour of the glazing cylinder. Excessive pressure will impair extensibility and produce other undesirable effects. Pressures in the range of approximately 300 to 400 lb. per linear inch have been found most satisfactory.
  • a felt backing 16 may be utilized in a conventional manner during the drying process, although its use is optional.
  • the distance between the applicator means and the point of adhesion to the dryer roll should be kept at a minimum.
  • the proper distance in a given operation will depend on absorptivity of the web and the speed of the web.
  • the glazing cylinder is a large metal drum 15 having a polished chrome plating or other smooth finish on its peripheral surface.
  • a cylinder temperature of about 200 F. has been used but the appropriate temperature is easily determined depending on the grade of paper being processed.
  • the cylinder is mounted rotatably.
  • the solution used is water-thin and accordingly has a low viscosity. It has been found that for best results the web should have above approximately 22% moisture by weight when the Water-thin solution is applied.
  • the amount of starch in solution can be varied. Starch solutions of approximately 1.4% to approximately 5.5% were successfully utilized to produce a high gloss surface. Using more than approximately 10% starch should be unnecessary since the starch is used successfully in very low quantities only to enhance the surface tension of the solution so that the treated surface of the web adheres firmly to the surface of the glazing cylinder.
  • the Water content of the solution plasticizes the surface of the web to an extent greater than that which is produced by the moisture content of the web which has been established during the making of the web and the imparting of extensibility to the web.
  • the web surface due to the plastic condition, conforms to the surface contours of the glazing cylinder while the web is adhered to the cylinder by reason of the surface tension between the drier surface and the surface of the treated web.
  • the glazed extensible paper made according to the present invention is not substantially impaired in its extensibility or flexibility.
  • the method of this invention can be used to glaze paper whether extensible in only one direction or in multiple crossing directions.
  • FIGURE 3 is a detail of one type of applicator blade arrangement used to accomplish the surface treating of the web.
  • the blade supporting means 6 carries a thin, flexible curved blade 5.
  • the blade is supported in tension against the paper web 2.
  • the blade supporting means must be laterally adjustable and also rotatable in order that the tension and the angle that the blade makes with the plane of the surface of the moving web can be regulated.
  • One form for accomplishing this is to mount the supporting means on a journal for rotation and to base the journal on a member which is movable in a plane toward or away from the surface of the web. Excessive tension will tend to tear the web.
  • the fluid supply pipe 10 communicates with the rearward or trailing surface 8 of the blade and the water-thin solution is applied to the blade at a point away from the nip formed by the blade and the paper web.
  • the solution runs down by gravity and capillary action into the nip and is evenly spread across the surface of the paper by the action of the blade. It was found more desirable to apply the solution to the trailing surface of the blade because applying the solution from the leading surface of the blade produced considerable streaking.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a front view of the applicator blade 5.
  • the blade extends across the full width of the web so that the water-thin solution is applied to the entire web surface.
  • Multiple supply pipes 10 are utilized to produce a uniform flow down the blade surface and into the nip formed by the blade and the paper web.
  • the water-thin solution may be applied to the glazing cylinder and then in turn to the surface of the web as the web is brought into contact with the surface of the cylinder.
  • the solution would be applied to the web surface by utilizing the glazing cylinder as an applicator means.
  • the application of the solution and the placing of the web against the cylinder would be substantially simultaneous.
  • the present inventor anticipates that such an embodiment may prove useful in treating certain types of webs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US424895A 1965-01-12 1965-01-12 Method of forming machine glazed extensible paper Expired - Lifetime US3362869A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US424895A US3362869A (en) 1965-01-12 1965-01-12 Method of forming machine glazed extensible paper
SE2455/65A SE308660B (fi) 1965-01-12 1965-02-25
GB8159/65A GB1097475A (en) 1965-01-12 1965-02-25 Machine glazed extensible paper and manufacture thereof
FR10185A FR1439100A (fr) 1965-01-12 1965-03-22 Procédé et appareil pour la fabrication de feuilles de papier extensible avec une face brillante glacée et feuilles conformes à celles obtenues par ledit procédé ou similaire
DE19651546332 DE1546332A1 (de) 1965-01-12 1965-05-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Satinieren dehnbaren Papiers
FI651543A FI43816C (fi) 1965-01-12 1965-06-29 Menetelmä ja laite konekiilloitetun, venyvän paperin valmistamiseksi
AT624965A AT280761B (de) 1965-01-12 1965-07-08 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von dehnbarem Glanzpapier
NL6509250A NL6509250A (fi) 1965-01-12 1965-07-16
BE667827A BE667827A (fi) 1965-01-12 1965-08-03
ES0321659A ES321659A1 (es) 1965-01-12 1966-01-12 Procedimiento y aparato de produccion de una lamina de fibras adherentes.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US424895A US3362869A (en) 1965-01-12 1965-01-12 Method of forming machine glazed extensible paper

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3362869A true US3362869A (en) 1968-01-09

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US424895A Expired - Lifetime US3362869A (en) 1965-01-12 1965-01-12 Method of forming machine glazed extensible paper

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3362869A (fi)
AT (1) AT280761B (fi)
BE (1) BE667827A (fi)
DE (1) DE1546332A1 (fi)
ES (1) ES321659A1 (fi)
FI (1) FI43816C (fi)
FR (1) FR1439100A (fi)
GB (1) GB1097475A (fi)
NL (1) NL6509250A (fi)
SE (1) SE308660B (fi)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3515633A (en) * 1953-04-03 1970-06-02 Clupak Inc Compacting of paper and similar fiber webs
US3908071A (en) * 1972-10-10 1975-09-23 Clupak Inc External sizing of extensible paper
US4258092A (en) * 1978-08-31 1981-03-24 Morgan Adhesives Co. Laminate with removable scored paper backing
WO1982000484A1 (en) * 1980-07-25 1982-02-18 D Hanke A method for producing a machine-glazed sheet
US4596633A (en) * 1983-10-24 1986-06-24 The Black Clawson Company Surface treatment of paper and paperboard
US4741376A (en) * 1983-03-30 1988-05-03 Korsnas Aktiebolag Manufacturing of kraft paper
US5106655A (en) * 1989-01-27 1992-04-21 Measurex Corporation Cross-directional smoothness controller and method of using the same
US20040123966A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2004-07-01 Altman Thomas E. Web smoothness improvement process
US20050283995A1 (en) * 2004-05-03 2005-12-29 Hamel Robert G Steam box
RU2752200C1 (ru) * 2019-12-12 2021-07-23 Фойт Патент Гмбх Машина и способ для изготовления полотна волокнистого материала

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168895A (en) * 1936-07-08 1939-08-08 Dennison Mfg Co Creped paper and method of making same
US2624245A (en) * 1952-06-11 1953-01-06 Cluett Peabody & Co Inc Modified paper and method for its manufacture
US2999787A (en) * 1957-10-04 1961-09-12 Thilmany Pulp & Paper Company Machine glazed paper
US3104197A (en) * 1959-06-29 1963-09-17 Crown Zellerbach Corp Extensible paper and the process of producing the same
FR1339801A (fr) * 1962-01-22 1963-10-11 Clupak Inc Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de papier extensible non crêpé et papier conforme à celui obtenu par ce procédé ou procédé similaire
US3300368A (en) * 1964-12-11 1967-01-24 Crown Zellerbach Corp Creped sheet materials and the process of producing the same

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2168895A (en) * 1936-07-08 1939-08-08 Dennison Mfg Co Creped paper and method of making same
US2624245A (en) * 1952-06-11 1953-01-06 Cluett Peabody & Co Inc Modified paper and method for its manufacture
US2999787A (en) * 1957-10-04 1961-09-12 Thilmany Pulp & Paper Company Machine glazed paper
US3104197A (en) * 1959-06-29 1963-09-17 Crown Zellerbach Corp Extensible paper and the process of producing the same
FR1339801A (fr) * 1962-01-22 1963-10-11 Clupak Inc Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de papier extensible non crêpé et papier conforme à celui obtenu par ce procédé ou procédé similaire
US3300368A (en) * 1964-12-11 1967-01-24 Crown Zellerbach Corp Creped sheet materials and the process of producing the same

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3515633A (en) * 1953-04-03 1970-06-02 Clupak Inc Compacting of paper and similar fiber webs
US3908071A (en) * 1972-10-10 1975-09-23 Clupak Inc External sizing of extensible paper
US4258092A (en) * 1978-08-31 1981-03-24 Morgan Adhesives Co. Laminate with removable scored paper backing
WO1982000484A1 (en) * 1980-07-25 1982-02-18 D Hanke A method for producing a machine-glazed sheet
US4741376A (en) * 1983-03-30 1988-05-03 Korsnas Aktiebolag Manufacturing of kraft paper
US4596633A (en) * 1983-10-24 1986-06-24 The Black Clawson Company Surface treatment of paper and paperboard
US5106655A (en) * 1989-01-27 1992-04-21 Measurex Corporation Cross-directional smoothness controller and method of using the same
US20040123966A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2004-07-01 Altman Thomas E. Web smoothness improvement process
US20050283995A1 (en) * 2004-05-03 2005-12-29 Hamel Robert G Steam box
US7634860B2 (en) * 2004-05-03 2009-12-22 Transphase Technology, Ltd. Steam box
RU2752200C1 (ru) * 2019-12-12 2021-07-23 Фойт Патент Гмбх Машина и способ для изготовления полотна волокнистого материала

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1546332A1 (de) 1969-07-17
FI43816C (fi) 1971-06-10
SE308660B (fi) 1969-02-17
NL6509250A (fi) 1965-11-25
FI43816B (fi) 1971-03-01
FR1439100A (fr) 1966-05-20
GB1097475A (en) 1968-01-03
ES321659A1 (es) 1966-11-01
BE667827A (fi) 1965-12-01
AT280761B (de) 1970-04-27

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