US3360372A - Bis(beta-acyloxyethyl)ketones as gelatin hardeners - Google Patents
Bis(beta-acyloxyethyl)ketones as gelatin hardeners Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3360372A US3360372A US379018A US37901864A US3360372A US 3360372 A US3360372 A US 3360372A US 379018 A US379018 A US 379018A US 37901864 A US37901864 A US 37901864A US 3360372 A US3360372 A US 3360372A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gelatin
- bis
- beta
- hardeners
- ketones
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/30—Hardeners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
Definitions
- One object of our invention is to provide gelatin compositions containing compounds having a good hardening effect thereon especially useful in the preparation of photographic products. Another object of our invention is to provide for the hardening of gelatin with compounds relatively free of undesirable photographic effects. A further object of our invention is to provide gelatin hardeners without undesirable physiological properties. A further object of our invention is to provide gelatin compositions containing ketone type hardeners therein. Other objects of our invention will appear herein.
- compositions comprising gelatin and certain ketone type compounds are useful for obtaining coatings or layers which are resistant to the effect of hot water and to swelling,
- the compounds of interest as gelatin hardeners are largely of the following general structure:
- gelatin hardeners have been found to exhibit strong activity as gelatin hardeners substantially free from detrimental photographic effects and toxicity.
- the use of these hardeners involves incorporating a hardening amount in an aqueous solution of gelatin such as a composition to be used in making photographic products or in a gelatin-silver halide emulsion.
- the hardener is preferably incorporated in the gelatin composition in a proportion of 05-10 percent based on the weight of the gelatin in the composition.
- the requisite bis(beta-chloroethyl)ketones are conveniently prepared by a Friedel-Crafts reaction from a dibasic acid halide and ethylene, using aluminum halide as the catalyst.
- acid halides such as suc cinoyl chloride
- the reaction referred to does not occur and a more devious route must be used.
- the intermediates themselves show a slight hardening action in gelatin emulsions.
- the bis(beta-acyloxyethyl) ketones containing two carbonyl groups in the alkylene or arylene-alkylene chain are new compounds as are compositions thereof with gelatin.
- the mixture was hydrolyzed on cracked ice drenched with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
- the layers were separated and the organic layer was washed once with water and dried. The mass must be kept cold throughout the process.
- the solvent was removd in vacuo, and the dark residue obtained was placed on a column of acid-washed alumina and eluted with benzene.
- the yellow eluant obtained was concentrated to about one-fifth vol ume in vacuo, and the residual oil was diluted with 23 volumes of ether and cooled.
- the precipitate was collected and recrystallized, giving colorless crystals which represented a 50-60 percent yield of the 1,10-dichloro- 3,8-decanedione intermediate.
- This material was employed in gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsions in concentrations of 1, 3 and 6 percent, based on the weight of the gelatin, and swelling in water of layers formed therefrom was found to be materially less than that of a layer of the emulsion without hardener.
- the material prepared in Example 1 was also incorporated in photographic emulsions in proportions of 1, 3 and 6 percent, and improved resistance to swelling by water of coatings made therewith was obtained. No derogatory effect on the photographic emulsion was noted in either case.
- EXAMPLE 3 1,10-bis(chl0roacetoxy -3,8-deczmedi0ne
- the procedure of Example 2 was repeated but modified by using acetone as the solvent and chloracetic acid and sodium chloracetate as the carboxylic acid and the alkali metal salt thereof, respectively.
- the designated compound was obtained in 99 percent crude yield. Recrystallization from benzene-ligroin gave colorless crystals of 1,10-bis (chloroacetoxy)-3,8-decanedione.
- This material was incorporated in gelatin-silver halide emulsions in proportions of 1 and 3 percent, based on the weight of the gelatin. It was found that this compound materially reduced the swelling in water of emulsion layers containing it as compared with emulsion layers having no hardener therein and that the hardener was compatible with the photographic characteristics of the gelatin.
- EXAMPLE 4 1,14-dichlor-3,IZ-Zetradecanedione This intermediate was prepared in a manner similar to that used in Example 1 except that sebacoyl chloride was used in place of adipoyl chloride. Pale yellow crystals were obtained in a yield of about 70 percent.
- EXAMPLE 5 1,14-diacet0xy-3,1Z-tetradecanedione This compound was prepared in essentially quantitative yield from the product in the preceding example, using a procedure as described in Example 2. This material was incorporated in gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsions in proportions of 1, 3 and 6 percent, based on the weight of the gelatin. The emulsion coated out in the form of layers had a much improved resistance to swelling by water as compared with layers of the emulsion containing no hardener. It was also found that this hardener was compatible with the photographic characteristics of the emulsion.
- EXAMPLE 6 1,5-dichloro-3-pentanone This intermediate was prepared by the procedure described by Baddeley and co-workers in the Journal of the Chemical Society, page 124 (1953). The resulting compound was a liquid having a boiling point of 64-68" C./ 0.60.8 mm.
- EXAMPLE 7 1,S-diacetoxy-3-pentanone This compound was prepared by the procedure of Example 2, using as the intermediate the product of the preceding example. This product was incorporated into portions of a gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsion in proportions of 1 and 5 percent, based on the weight of the gelatin, and the layers thereof were compared with layers of the emulsion without hardener. It was found that the resistance to swelling by water of such layers was materially reduced by the presence of the diacetoxy pentanone. It was also found that the hardener was compatible with the photographic properties of the emulsion with which it had been incorporated.
- the swelling characteristics of the various layers was determined after the layers had been held for three days at 100 F. and 50 percent relative humidity.
- the swell of the layers was measured by determining the percentage of vertical swelling of the layer after it had been immersed for 5 minutes in water at 68 F. as compared with the depth of the layer prior to contact with the water.
- EXAMPLE 8 Silver halide photographic emulsions in which the solid portion of the vehicle was composed of 25% gelatin and 75% of the sodium salt of ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer (80:20 acrylate to acid) were coated out on clear cellulose acetate film base at the rate of 750 mg./sq. ft. In two cases no hardener was used (controls) and in the other cases the hardeners designated were used in the proportions shown. The swell properties of the coatings are also indicated:
- a composition of matter comprising gelatin and a compound having the formula XCH CH CO (ACO CH CH X X is selected from the group of acyloxy radicals consisting of acetoxy and chloroacetoxy,
- A is a divalent linkage selected from the group consistg 2)1-10 CH CI-I OCH CH -CH CH SCH CH phenylene and cyclohexylene radicals.
- a gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsion containing a compound having the formula XCH CH CO(ACO) CH CH X X is selected from the group of acyloxy radicals consisting of acetoxy and chloroacetoxy,
- A is a divalent linkage selected from the group consistg 2)1-10 -CH CH OCH CH CH CH SCH CH phenylene and cyclohexylene radicals.
- composition of matter comprising gelatin and 1,10-bis(chloroacetoxy)-3,8-decanedione.
- composition of matter comprising gelatin and 1,10-bis(chloroacetoxy) -3, S-decanedione.
- composition of matter comprising gelatin and bis(beta-acetoxyethyl)ketone.
- decanedione should read l,l0-diacetoxy-3,8-decanedione Signed and sealed this 4th day of November 1969.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US379018A US3360372A (en) | 1964-06-29 | 1964-06-29 | Bis(beta-acyloxyethyl)ketones as gelatin hardeners |
DEE29714A DE1300012B (de) | 1964-06-29 | 1965-07-15 | Verwendung von Bis(beta-acyloxyaethyl)ketonen zum Haerten der Gelatine photographisch er Gelatine-Silberhalogenidemulsionen |
DE19651472847 DE1472847A1 (de) | 1964-06-29 | 1965-08-27 | Verwendung von Bis-(beta-acyloxyaethyl)-ketonen zum Haerten der Gelatine von Farbkuppler enthaltenden photographischen Gelatine-Silberhalogenidemulsionen |
FR30319A FR1446163A (fr) | 1964-06-29 | 1965-09-03 | Nouveaux agents tannants de la gélatine et nouveaux produits photographiques contenant ces agents tannants |
GB41889/65A GB1128818A (en) | 1964-06-29 | 1965-10-02 | Gelatin compositions containing hardeners |
BE677147A BE677147A (de) | 1964-06-29 | 1966-02-28 |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US379018A US3360372A (en) | 1964-06-29 | 1964-06-29 | Bis(beta-acyloxyethyl)ketones as gelatin hardeners |
DEE29714A DE1300012B (de) | 1964-06-29 | 1965-07-15 | Verwendung von Bis(beta-acyloxyaethyl)ketonen zum Haerten der Gelatine photographisch er Gelatine-Silberhalogenidemulsionen |
DEE0029985 | 1965-08-27 | ||
GB41889/65A GB1128818A (en) | 1964-06-29 | 1965-10-02 | Gelatin compositions containing hardeners |
BE677147A BE677147A (de) | 1964-06-29 | 1966-02-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3360372A true US3360372A (en) | 1967-12-26 |
Family
ID=27507645
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US379018A Expired - Lifetime US3360372A (en) | 1964-06-29 | 1964-06-29 | Bis(beta-acyloxyethyl)ketones as gelatin hardeners |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3360372A (de) |
BE (1) | BE677147A (de) |
DE (2) | DE1300012B (de) |
GB (1) | GB1128818A (de) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5187259A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1993-02-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Chain extended gelatin |
US6020398A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-02-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Pigmented ink jet inks for poly (vinylalcohol) receivers |
US6045219A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-04-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Pigmented ink jet prints on gelatin overcoated with hardeners |
US6074057A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-06-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Pigmented ink jet inks and recording elements containing hardening agents |
US6082853A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-07-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Printing apparatus with processing tank |
US6161929A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-12-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Inkjet images on PVA overcoated with hardener solution |
US6176574B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2001-01-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Printing apparatus with spray bar for improved durability |
US6254230B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2001-07-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Ink jet printing apparatus with print head for improved image durability |
US6435678B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2002-08-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Waterfast ink jet images treated with hardeners |
US20060181658A1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Eastman Kodak Company | Conductive absorption layer for flexible displays |
US20060215077A1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | High performance flexible display with improved mechanical properties |
US7507449B2 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2009-03-24 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Displays with low driving voltage and anisotropic particles |
DE112007001129T5 (de) | 2006-06-29 | 2009-07-09 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Gast-Wirt-Polymer-Flüssigkristallanzeigen auf einem einzigen Substrat |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3359111A (en) * | 1965-08-27 | 1967-12-19 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening compositions with pyrazolone couplers |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE720930C (de) * | 1936-07-28 | 1942-05-19 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Verfahren zum Haerten von Eiweissstoffen |
US2732301A (en) * | 1952-10-15 | 1956-01-24 | Chxcxch |
-
1964
- 1964-06-29 US US379018A patent/US3360372A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1965
- 1965-07-15 DE DEE29714A patent/DE1300012B/de active Pending
- 1965-08-27 DE DE19651472847 patent/DE1472847A1/de active Pending
- 1965-10-02 GB GB41889/65A patent/GB1128818A/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-02-28 BE BE677147A patent/BE677147A/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5187259A (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1993-02-16 | Eastman Kodak Company | Chain extended gelatin |
US6176574B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2001-01-23 | Eastman Kodak Company | Printing apparatus with spray bar for improved durability |
US6435678B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2002-08-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Waterfast ink jet images treated with hardeners |
US6074057A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-06-13 | Eastman Kodak Company | Pigmented ink jet inks and recording elements containing hardening agents |
US6082853A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-07-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Printing apparatus with processing tank |
US6161929A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-12-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Inkjet images on PVA overcoated with hardener solution |
US6020398A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-02-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Pigmented ink jet inks for poly (vinylalcohol) receivers |
US6254230B1 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2001-07-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Ink jet printing apparatus with print head for improved image durability |
US6045219A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-04-04 | Eastman Kodak Company | Pigmented ink jet prints on gelatin overcoated with hardeners |
US20060181658A1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Eastman Kodak Company | Conductive absorption layer for flexible displays |
US7630029B2 (en) | 2005-02-16 | 2009-12-08 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Conductive absorption layer for flexible displays |
US20060215077A1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-09-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | High performance flexible display with improved mechanical properties |
US7557875B2 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2009-07-07 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | High performance flexible display with improved mechanical properties having electrically modulated material mixed with binder material in a ratio between 6:1 and 0.5:1 |
US7507449B2 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2009-03-24 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Displays with low driving voltage and anisotropic particles |
DE112007001129T5 (de) | 2006-06-29 | 2009-07-09 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Gast-Wirt-Polymer-Flüssigkristallanzeigen auf einem einzigen Substrat |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1128818A (en) | 1968-10-02 |
DE1300012B (de) | 1969-07-24 |
BE677147A (de) | 1966-07-18 |
DE1472847A1 (de) | 1969-05-08 |
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