US3358778A - Spring driven power hammer - Google Patents

Spring driven power hammer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3358778A
US3358778A US480990A US48099065A US3358778A US 3358778 A US3358778 A US 3358778A US 480990 A US480990 A US 480990A US 48099065 A US48099065 A US 48099065A US 3358778 A US3358778 A US 3358778A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
hammer
housing
extension
anvil
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US480990A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ferwerda Ray
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US480990A priority Critical patent/US3358778A/en
Priority to DE19661534254 priority patent/DE1534254B1/de
Priority to GB35982/66A priority patent/GB1099640A/en
Priority to CH1156566A priority patent/CH443189A/de
Priority to BE685541D priority patent/BE685541A/xx
Priority to SE11146/66A priority patent/SE322473B/xx
Priority to NL6611623A priority patent/NL6611623A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3358778A publication Critical patent/US3358778A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
    • E01C23/12—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for taking-up, tearing-up, or full-depth breaking-up paving, e.g. sett extractor
    • E01C23/122—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for taking-up, tearing-up, or full-depth breaking-up paving, e.g. sett extractor with power-driven tools, e.g. oscillated hammer apparatus
    • E01C23/124—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for taking-up, tearing-up, or full-depth breaking-up paving, e.g. sett extractor with power-driven tools, e.g. oscillated hammer apparatus moved rectilinearly, e.g. road-breaker apparatus with reciprocating tools, with drop-hammers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D11/10—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a cam mechanism
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers

Definitions

  • a very heavy duty hammer suitable for pile driving and pavement breaking includes an elongated cylindrical housing carrying a working tool at the lower end thereof which tool has a shaft extending into the lower end of the housing and terminating inside of the housing with a blow receiving and transmitting anvil extension, together with a hammer reciprocatably mounted in the housing toward and away from the anvil extension to deliver repeated blows thereagainst.
  • the hammer has an elongated axial extension which projects out of the upper end of the housing and is there provided with power means for repeatedly retracting the hammer away from the anvil and then suddenly releasing it.
  • a two-part helical spring surrounds the hammer extension and is disposed between the hammer and the upper end of the housing so that the spring means is compressed when the power means lifts the hammer, after which the spring means causes the hammer to deliver a very powerful blow against the anvil when released by the power means.
  • the novel feature of this invention is that the spring means includes at least two separate helical springs in end to end relationship differing from each other in frequency of vibration sufficiently so that they exert a mutual dampening effect upon spring release thus preventing destruction of the hammer and its driving spring.
  • This invention relates to improvements in a power hammer of a very powerful character useful for pile driving, pavement breaking and any other purposes requiring great power.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a self-contained hammer comprising a housing with a tool carrying member extending into the housing at one end, generally the lower end, and with an anvil lying inside of the housing adapted to deliver a blow to the tool carrying member when struck by the hammer.
  • the hammer is reciprocatably mounted in the housing for movement toward and away from the anvil.
  • the blow is delivered by a powerful helical spring means surrounding a hammer extension and engaged between the hammer and the portion of the housing and always urging the hammer toward the anvil.
  • Power means is carried by the housing and constructed and arranged to engage the end of the hammer extension remote from the hammer, usually at the upper end thereof, and to lift the hammer so as to compress the spring and thereafter to suddenly release the hammer extension, whereby the spring then drives the hammer with great force against the anvil to deliver a blow to the tool.
  • the present invention is specifically directed to a spring means comprising a plurality of helical springs surrounding the hammer extension and concentric therewith and the present invention is described in connection with two such springs, although it will be understood that more might be used if desired.
  • One of the difiiculties in prior devices of this sort related to the vibration of along powerful spring after it was suddenly released during operation of the hammer. Such vibration was so destructive that the assembly was destroyed within a few hours of use.
  • at least two separate springs are provided differing from each other in frequency of vibration sufiiciently so that they exert amutual dampening effect, upon release of the compressed springs, thus preventing destruction of the hammer.
  • FIG. 1 is a central sectional view through one embodiment of this invention and means for mounting the hammer On a boom carrying vehicle adapted to hold and manipulate the same;
  • FIG. 1A is a continuation of FIG. 1 at the lower end thereof showing the tool carrying member located below the line A indicated in both figures;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view, enlarged, taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line 33 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmental sectional line 4-4 of FIG. 2; while FIG.5 is a sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of FIG. 2.
  • the hammer of this invention is shown compactly assembled in connection with a housing which comprises a cylindrical member 10 carrying at its view taken along the upper end rigid therewith a flange 10a which is secured by means of screws or bolts 11 to a housing head 12.
  • the cylinder 10 is provided with a head member 13 at its lower end, welded to the cylinder 10, and having a central opening through which enters an anvil shaft 14 coaxial with the cylinder 10 and carrying integral therewith at its upper end the anvil 14a.
  • the anvil shaft 14 passes through a suitable bearing sleeve 15 which is rigidly connected to the head member 13 and cylinder 10 by means of gussets 16 welded in place.
  • a recoil absorbing cushion 17 is provided in the form of a polyurethane annulus surrounding the anvil shaft 14 and lying against the head member 13. It should be understood that the anvil shaft 14 is freely slidable in the head member 13 to carry the anvil 14a axially of the cylinder 10.
  • a hammer is provided for delivering a blow to the anvil 14a.
  • This hammer is axially aligned with the anvil and is provided with a hammer extension 19 extending axially upwardly through the cylinder 10, concentrically thereof, and extending axially and out the upper end thereof through a sleeve bearing 20 which is held in proper position by means of a bearing cap 21 to which the bearing is welded; and the cap in turn is secured to the lower wall of the housing head portion 12 by means of screws or bolts 22.
  • An oil seal 20a prevents leakage of lubricant out of the housing means 12.
  • the purpose of the two springs 23a and 23b is to provide at least two separate springs dilfering from each other in frequency of vibration sufliciently so that they exert a mutual dampening effect preventing destruction of the hammer. While more than two spring members might be provided in such end-to-end relationship, two such springs are sufficient to provide the improved performance of hammer operation envisioned by this invention.
  • the springs 23a and 23b have parameters of length, diameter, pitch, number of working coils, diameter of spring wire and torsional modulus of elasticity and the two springs must differ from each other in at least one of these parameters sufficiently to cause the above mentioned dampening effect.
  • the spring 23a has a length of twenty inches, a diameter of twelve inches, seven working coils, three inch pitch, and a spring rod material 1% inches in diameter.
  • the spring 21% has a length of 13 /2 inches, a spring diameter of 11% inches, six working coils, 2 /2 inch pitch, and spring rod material 1% inches in diameter.
  • the torsional modulus of the elasticity of the two springs may be varied by varying the analysis of the steel slightly or by changing the tempering of similar steels so as to cause a variation in the two springs.
  • any suitable means may be provided for lifting the hammer to compress the springs 23:: and 23b and thereafter to release the hammer so that the springs cause a tremendous blow against the anvil head 14a.
  • the lifting means here shown comprises a T-shape member 24 having a vertically extending central bore which fits on a reduced diameter portion 19a of the hammer extension which terminates at a shoulder 1% against which the T -shape member 24 rests.
  • a nut 25 holds the member 24 in position.
  • the T-shape mem ber has laterally extending arms 2411 on opposite sides thereof for the purpose of engagement by a lifting device about to be described.
  • the power means for lifting the hammer extension comprises an hydraulic motor 26 bolted to the wall of the housing head means 12 and supplied with hydraulic power through flexible tubular connections 27 and 28 from any suitable source.
  • This motor terminates in a drive shaft 29 which extends vertically downwardly into the housing 12 for rotation of a unitary worm 34 which in turn meshes with a cone drive worm gear 35 with a mechanical advantage of about twenty to one.
  • the worm gear 35 is keyed to a shaft 36 which in turn is journaled in bearing 37 carried by suitable bearing caps 38 secured to the housing 12.
  • Keyed to the shaft 36 are a pair of pinions 39 each of which is aligned with a gear wheel 40 meshing with the pinions 39 and having a mechanical advantage of approximately three to one.
  • Each of the gear wheels 40 is keyed to a shaft 41 which is journaled in suitable bearings 42 carried by the bearing caps 43 in the housing 12.
  • a pair of cam rollers 44 are secured to each of the gear wheels 40 diametrically opposite to each other by means of stub shafts 44a and held in position by nuts 45 and suitable lock washers.
  • the cam rollers 44 on each gear wheel are aligned to engage beneath the opposite arms 24a of the T-member 24 so as to lift the hammer extension 19 and the hammer head 18. It will be noted in FIG. 1 that each cam roller 44 in the dotted position of FIG.
  • a suitable tool 46 is carried at the lower end of anvil shaft 14.
  • the tool will depend upon the kind of work to be performed.
  • the tool attachment of this embodiment is clearly shown in FIG. 1A.
  • Stop means is provided on the anvil shaft 14 to prevent it being driven up inside of the cylinder 10 so that the anvil head 14a always remains spaced below the blow delivering hammer 18.
  • This stop is shown at 49 and comprises a split collar threaded on the shaft 14 and held in position by bolt 50. This collar will strike the lower end of the bearing sleeve 15 on the rebound after a blow is delivered so as to stop the upward motion of the anvil member 14a.
  • a recoil spring 51 is provided surrounding the shaft 14 and held between the collar 49 and the bearing 15 to cushion the recoil at this point after a blow is delivered.
  • the collar 49 may be provided with means for preventing rotation of the tool 46 about its own axis if desired.
  • a device is shown as a bar 52 rigidly welded to the housing cylinder 10 and extending freely through a hole 48a in the collar 49.
  • Means may be provided if desired for holding the hammer of this invention and for manipulating the same from a boom 53 which may be of any suitable type but is here shown as a telescopic boom of a vehicle shown in United States Patent No. 2,541,045, granted to Ray and Koop Ferwerda, Feb. 13, 1951.
  • Bearing caps 54 are bolted to boom 53 and journal a shaft 55 which carries a crank arm 56 which in turn is pivotally connected to a clevis rod 56 controlled by a piston 57 reciprocatable in cylinder 58 on the boom 53 by suitable hydraulic fiuid supply means. Movement of piston 57 will tilt the hammer about shaft pivot 55.
  • a pair of parallel cars 60 in turn welded to a sleeve 61 in which the cylinder 10 is held snugly but freely reciprocal in a vertical direction as blows are delivered.
  • a vertical bar 62 is welded to the flange 10a at the top and to a collar 63 at the bottom, which in turn is bolted to the cylinder 10 at 64.
  • Parallel flanges 65 welded to sleeve 61 on opposite sides of bar 62 prevent relative rotation at this point.
  • the mechanism herein described provides approximately a ten inch stroke of the hammer from sixty to seventy-five times per minute, thus delivering eight to ten thousand foot pounds for each blow or slightly over five hundred to six hundred thousand foot pounds per minute.
  • a pile driving and pavement breaking hammer comprising a housing; a tool-carrying member having a shaft extending into said housing at one end thereof; said shaft having a blow receiving and transmitting anvil extension disposed within said housing; a hammer reciprocatably mounted in said housing for a stroke movement in line with said shaft toward and away from said anvil extension; said hammer having an elongated extension coaxial with said shaft and extending in said housing away from said hammer and said anvil extension; a helical spring means surrounding said hammer extension and disposed between said hammer and the end of said housing opposite said one end; said spring means including at least two separate helical springs in end to end relationship differing from each other in frequency of vibration sufficiently so that they exert a mutual dampening effect upon release of the loaded spring means and prevent destruction of the hammer and spring means; said spring means delivering a blow of spring-meansdestructive force when delivered by a single spring; a rigid wear plate between said two separate springs and holding them concentric; and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US480990A 1965-08-19 1965-08-19 Spring driven power hammer Expired - Lifetime US3358778A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US480990A US3358778A (en) 1965-08-19 1965-08-19 Spring driven power hammer
DE19661534254 DE1534254B1 (de) 1965-08-19 1966-08-10 Krafthammer zum Rammen oder Aufbrechen von Pflaster
GB35982/66A GB1099640A (en) 1965-08-19 1966-08-11 Spring driven power hammer assembly
CH1156566A CH443189A (de) 1965-08-19 1966-08-11 Krafthammer
BE685541D BE685541A (fr) 1965-08-19 1966-08-16
SE11146/66A SE322473B (fr) 1965-08-19 1966-08-17
NL6611623A NL6611623A (fr) 1965-08-19 1966-08-18

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US480990A US3358778A (en) 1965-08-19 1965-08-19 Spring driven power hammer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3358778A true US3358778A (en) 1967-12-19

Family

ID=23910143

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US480990A Expired - Lifetime US3358778A (en) 1965-08-19 1965-08-19 Spring driven power hammer

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3358778A (fr)
BE (1) BE685541A (fr)
CH (1) CH443189A (fr)
DE (1) DE1534254B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1099640A (fr)
NL (1) NL6611623A (fr)
SE (1) SE322473B (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3427851A (en) * 1967-02-17 1969-02-18 Bliss Co High energy rate metal forming machine
FR2496731A1 (fr) * 1980-12-22 1982-06-25 Gustin Fils Sa Appareil pour enfoncer des pieux ou piquets muni d'un dispositif hydromecanique d'accumulation d'energie
US4867253A (en) * 1988-10-14 1989-09-19 Caterpillar Inc. Dampener for impacting mechanism
US5662177A (en) * 1995-10-06 1997-09-02 Bosma; Marinus A. Trigger mechanism for impacting device
US5813479A (en) * 1995-10-06 1998-09-29 Bosma; Marinus A. Trigger mechanism for impacting device
KR101069817B1 (ko) * 2008-11-27 2011-10-04 삼성중공업 주식회사 해머 장치
US20130082073A1 (en) * 2011-10-04 2013-04-04 The Gsi Group, Llc External impactor for bulk storage containers
WO2018032590A1 (fr) * 2016-08-16 2018-02-22 李建尧 Tige de forage présentant une fonction de décollement

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3122979A1 (de) * 1981-06-10 1983-01-05 Hilti AG, 9494 Schaan Bohr- oder meisselhammer
CN109505221B (zh) * 2018-12-17 2020-11-03 广东博智林机器人有限公司 一种建筑混凝土快速击碎机器人
CN112095383B (zh) * 2020-09-30 2023-10-31 广东建工德晟工程有限公司 一种路基夯实装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1244386A (en) * 1917-05-09 1917-10-23 Dane Spehar Hammer-drill.
US1356556A (en) * 1919-01-27 1920-10-26 Walter S Payne Electric power-hammer and drilling-machine combined
US2110957A (en) * 1936-07-20 1938-03-15 George L Kollock Power hammer
US2225531A (en) * 1937-08-04 1940-12-17 Gas Tool Patents Corp Drill rotating device
US2772858A (en) * 1955-04-25 1956-12-04 Joseph C Novack Power hammers
US3276760A (en) * 1964-03-02 1966-10-04 Gen Motors Corp Anti-surge coil spring assembly

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1387574A (fr) * 1963-03-11 1965-01-29 Marteau mécanique

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1244386A (en) * 1917-05-09 1917-10-23 Dane Spehar Hammer-drill.
US1356556A (en) * 1919-01-27 1920-10-26 Walter S Payne Electric power-hammer and drilling-machine combined
US2110957A (en) * 1936-07-20 1938-03-15 George L Kollock Power hammer
US2225531A (en) * 1937-08-04 1940-12-17 Gas Tool Patents Corp Drill rotating device
US2772858A (en) * 1955-04-25 1956-12-04 Joseph C Novack Power hammers
US3276760A (en) * 1964-03-02 1966-10-04 Gen Motors Corp Anti-surge coil spring assembly

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3427851A (en) * 1967-02-17 1969-02-18 Bliss Co High energy rate metal forming machine
FR2496731A1 (fr) * 1980-12-22 1982-06-25 Gustin Fils Sa Appareil pour enfoncer des pieux ou piquets muni d'un dispositif hydromecanique d'accumulation d'energie
US4867253A (en) * 1988-10-14 1989-09-19 Caterpillar Inc. Dampener for impacting mechanism
WO1990003870A1 (fr) * 1988-10-14 1990-04-19 Caterpillar Inc. Amortisseur pour mecanisme d'impact
US5662177A (en) * 1995-10-06 1997-09-02 Bosma; Marinus A. Trigger mechanism for impacting device
US5813479A (en) * 1995-10-06 1998-09-29 Bosma; Marinus A. Trigger mechanism for impacting device
KR101069817B1 (ko) * 2008-11-27 2011-10-04 삼성중공업 주식회사 해머 장치
US20130082073A1 (en) * 2011-10-04 2013-04-04 The Gsi Group, Llc External impactor for bulk storage containers
US9493300B2 (en) * 2011-10-04 2016-11-15 The Gsi Group Llc External impactor for bulk storage containers
WO2018032590A1 (fr) * 2016-08-16 2018-02-22 李建尧 Tige de forage présentant une fonction de décollement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1099640A (en) 1968-01-17
DE1534254B1 (de) 1970-10-22
NL6611623A (fr) 1967-02-20
SE322473B (fr) 1970-04-06
BE685541A (fr) 1967-02-16
CH443189A (de) 1967-09-15

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