US3358458A - Methods for installing nondisplacement sand drains - Google Patents

Methods for installing nondisplacement sand drains Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3358458A
US3358458A US336504A US33650464A US3358458A US 3358458 A US3358458 A US 3358458A US 336504 A US336504 A US 336504A US 33650464 A US33650464 A US 33650464A US 3358458 A US3358458 A US 3358458A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sand
earth
casing
plug
drains
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US336504A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lindsey J Phares
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raymond International Inc
Original Assignee
Raymond International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raymond International Inc filed Critical Raymond International Inc
Priority to US336504A priority Critical patent/US3358458A/en
Priority to GB211/65A priority patent/GB1020660A/en
Priority to NL6500232A priority patent/NL6500232A/xx
Priority to FR1227A priority patent/FR1420138A/fr
Priority to BE658057D priority patent/BE658057A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3358458A publication Critical patent/US3358458A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • E02D3/106—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains by forming sand drains containing only loose aggregates

Definitions

  • Sand drains comprise columns of sand installed in boggy or water-saturated earth and they are used extensively for the removal of water from silty, sandy or other soil deposits which would not otherwise be suiciently stable properly to support installations such :as highways, air fields, etc.
  • surcharge or extra load By applying a so-called surcharge or extra load to the general area, the ground is caused to settle as the water therein llows upward through the sand drains and out of the area.
  • the usual method of installing such sand drains consists of driving as by the use of a pile driving hammer, a casing into the ground to the desired depth of the sand drain, such casing being closed at its lower end during driving by providing some form of closure plate at the bottom end of the casing hingedly mounted so that after the casing has been driven, the closure plate may be opened and as the casing thereafter is withdrawn from the earth, sand is poured therein and caused to be deposited in the ground as the casing is drawn upwardly.
  • Such sand drains are usually installed with spacings between centers thereof of from 5 to 10 feet or thereabouts.
  • the ground tends to be displaced and oftentimes moves laterally. Some heaving of the ground surface may also occur.
  • Such ground movements due to displacements caused by the casing being driven into the ground, oftentimes may disturb to some degree or tend to destroy the 'adjacent sand drains previously installed. lnV some cases, the effect of these displacements has been so severe as to shear cfr" adjacent sand drains as the earth is moved horizontally.
  • the earth displacing eiects caused by driving the closed end casings into the ground tends to compress or remold the soil adjacent to the casing, thereby reducing the water percolating properties of the soil and the dewatering effect desired of the sand drains.
  • the method ot the present invention makes possible the avoidance of the above described diiiiculties and shortcomings of the usual method.
  • outer casing is used together with an inner casing tting quite closely inside the outer casing and the two casings, one inside the other, ⁇ are as an assembly caused to penetrate into the ground to a desired depth preferably by means of a suitable known type of vibrator or vibrating hammer.
  • the bottom ends thereof are left open so that a mass or plug of earth is allowed to remain therein and to rise up inside the assembly.
  • the inner casing is then withdrawn carrying with it, its contained plug or mass of earth.
  • the outer casing is lled with sand and the casing removed using the vibrator means las a tool aiding in Such withdrawal.
  • the present invention substantially eliminates the danger of damage to previously installed adjacent sand drains which heretofore occurred because of earth displacement edects and at the same time greatly reduces the remolding or compressing that would normally be experienced in the adjacent earth, thereby leaving the adjacent earth in a condition in which it will readily yield up its moisture or Water content allowing same to flow into and upwardly within the sand drains.
  • Another advantage of carrying out the present invention by the use of a vibrator hammer means for driving the casings into the earth resides in the fact that the so-called leaders necessary on usual pile driving hammer equipment are not required and instead the vibrator means may be rigidly aixed to the upper end ⁇ of the double wall casing assembly and may be guided quite accurately with the hoisting lines from a crane boom. Due to the absence of such leaders, much lighter equipment may be utilized thereby reducing the time and expense of installing the sand drains. However, pile driver leaders may be used if desired in carrying out the present invention.
  • the inner casing may, while still in a vertical position, be reinserted into the outer tubular casing which is still in the earth after which the sand may be admitted into the interior of the inner casing while embraced by the outer casing. Then iinally the two casings while iu assembled relation may be withdrawn leaving the desired sand drain in position in the earth and with the two casings now assembled in telescopic relation ready for use for forming the next sand drain.
  • FIG. 1 is a view showing in vertical section a plurality of sand drains which have been installed in the earth and also showing equipment being used to install another sand drain;
  • FIG. 2 is a view illustrating the withdrawal of the inner casing containing the plug of earth
  • FIG. 3 is a View illustrating the lling of the outer casing with sand to form the sand drain
  • FIG. 4 is a view illustrating the Withdrawal ofthe outer casing leaving the sand forming the sand drain in place;
  • FIG. 5 is a view illustrating one step in an alternative embodiment of the invention and according to which the inner casing after withdrawal and removal of the plug of earth therefrom is being reassembled by telescopically lowering same into the outer casing again;
  • FIG. 6y is a view illustrating the next step of lling the casing assembly with sand according to such alternative method.
  • FIG. 7 is a View illustrating the final step of the alternative method of removing the assembly of the inner and outer casings leaving the sand for forming the sand drain in place.
  • v Y I Y Referring to the drawings in further detail, there is shown in FIG. 1, somewhat schematically, a vertical sectional view through masses of earth in which sand drains are being installed. For example, there is here indicated a mass of water-saturated earth 19 which in the usual situation may extend down to -a considerable depth, for examplel from 50 to 75 feet before reaching a firm base as at 11 of solid earth or rock.
  • a blanket comprising a layer of coarse sand as at 12 is shown spread over the top of the water-saturated mass and on which construction work may later be done, for example, the building of a road.
  • Several of the completely installed sand drains are indicated as at 13, extending down from the top ⁇ of the sand blanket to the firm earth below the saturated material. It may be noted that for clearness the sand drains are here shown of larger diameter in proportion to their length than those usually installed, particularly if the saturated soil extends to -a very considerable depth.
  • the water or moisture within the saturated earth ows into the sand drains, thence upwardly into the sand blanket or out onto same from which the water may flow away.
  • a tubular outer shell or casing 14 of sheet steel or other metal or reinforced plastic material is shown in a position closely fitting or embracing an inner shell 15, this shell assembly having been installed in the water-saturated earth and down to the irm base, and the inner shell meanwhile having become lled with a plug of the saturated earth such as indicated at 16.
  • the upper end of casing 14 may be formed with a protruding annular ange 17.
  • A'vibrator or vibrator hammer of some suitable known type is somewhat schematically indicated at 18. This should be of a construction such as will impart to a ange or base 19 thereof, vibratory action sufficient for causing the casing assembly rapidly to be lowered or driven down through the soft Water-bearing earth.
  • the flanges at 17 and 19 may be removably secured together as by Vsuitable flange clamping means, somewhat schematically indicated at 20.
  • the inner casing 15, now containing the plug of earth 16 is being pulled up along the vibrator means by suitable hoisting means (not shown) which may be connected as at 21 to the vibrator hammer means 18.
  • a clamping means as at 20 which connects the base of the vibrating means to the top of the inner casing 15 has been put in place so as -to connect these parts together, and by replacing the clamping means of FIG. l. That is, the clamping means 20' connects the vibrating means only to the top of the inner casing, leaving the outer casing 14 and its ange 17 down in place.
  • FIG. 3 shows the next step according to which the outer casing as left in place is being filled with a body of sand 23 as discharged from any suitable form of lling ⁇ spout 24.
  • the outer casing is thus completely filled with sand, it is removed by withdrawing same upwardly as shown in FIG. 4, Where the upper end of the casing 14 is shown as again interconnecting by clamping means as at 25, with the vibrating means 18 and being pulled up by the hoist connection 21.
  • the body of sand 23 will remain lodged in the cavity in the earth from which the outer casing 14 is removed, thereby completing the sand drain.
  • the earth plug may be washed out or otherwise removed from the casing 15 while it is still being suspended vertically if desired by the hoisting means.
  • the inner casing 15 now empty, may be again lowered into the outer casing '14 which has remained in the earth.
  • the inner casing may be filled with a body of sand 2.6 for forming the sand drain.
  • the assembly of the inner and outer casings 14 and 15 may he withdrawn from the earth leaving the body of ⁇ sand 26 in place, thereby forming the completed sand drain. Then the assemblyV of the inner and outer casings will be ready for use over again as in FIG. l.
  • This method of using and reassembling the inner and outer casings while having both remain in vertical positions may be more readily carried out by using a vertically moving hoisting means than would be the case if it were attempted to reassamble the inner casing again with the outer casing after both had been used and removed and were for example placed in horizontal positions.
  • Method for installing sand drains in water-bearing earth which comprises: lowering into such earth an outer shell surrounding an inner shell while allowing a plug of the Water-bearing earth freely to enter up into the inner shell through the lower ends of the shells; then withdrawing the inner shell containing said plug removing said plug from the withdrawn inner shell and reinserting the -inner shell into the outer shell; thereafter introducing sand into space within the outer shell; and finally withdrawing the assembled shells while, leaving said sand to provide the desired sand drain.
  • Method for installing sand drains in water-bearing earth which comprises: lowering into such earth an outer shell surrounding )van inner shell while allowing ar plug of the water-bearing earth to enter up into the inner shell through the lower ends of the shells; then withdrawing-the inner shell containing said plug while retaining the upper portions of the inner shell closed, thereby providing a vacuum effect therein tending to check the plug against sliding down during such Withdrawal of the inner shell; thereafter introducing sand into space provided within the outer shell; and nally withdrawing the outer shell, leaving said sand -to provide Ithe desired sand drain.
  • Method for installing sand drains in Water-bearing earth which comprises: lowering into such earth by the aid of vibratory action an outer shell surrounding an inner shell while allowing a plug of the water-bearing ear-th to enter up into the inner shell through the lower ends of ythe shells and while allowing air to escape from the upper end of the inner shell; then withdrawing the inner shell containing said plug while retaining the upper portions of the inner shell closed, thereby providing a vacuum effect therein tending to check the plug against sliding down during such withdrawal of the inner shell; thereafter introducing sand into space provided within the outer shell; and

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
US336504A 1964-01-08 1964-01-08 Methods for installing nondisplacement sand drains Expired - Lifetime US3358458A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US336504A US3358458A (en) 1964-01-08 1964-01-08 Methods for installing nondisplacement sand drains
GB211/65A GB1020660A (en) 1964-01-08 1965-01-04 Methods for installing nondisplacement sand drains
NL6500232A NL6500232A (en。) 1964-01-08 1965-01-08
FR1227A FR1420138A (fr) 1964-01-08 1965-01-08 Procédé pour former des drains de sable
BE658057D BE658057A (en。) 1964-01-08 1965-01-08

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US336504A US3358458A (en) 1964-01-08 1964-01-08 Methods for installing nondisplacement sand drains

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3358458A true US3358458A (en) 1967-12-19

Family

ID=23316404

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US336504A Expired - Lifetime US3358458A (en) 1964-01-08 1964-01-08 Methods for installing nondisplacement sand drains

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3358458A (en。)
BE (1) BE658057A (en。)
FR (1) FR1420138A (en。)
GB (1) GB1020660A (en。)
NL (1) NL6500232A (en。)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3420063A (en) * 1966-02-10 1969-01-07 Bodine Albert G Sonic process of placement of sand drains
US3543525A (en) * 1968-11-27 1970-12-01 Raymond Int Inc Formation of cast-in-place concrete piles
US3646766A (en) * 1968-08-23 1972-03-07 Raymond Int Inc Installation of sand drains
US3707847A (en) * 1968-02-06 1973-01-02 Raymond Int Inc Installation of sand drains
US3797250A (en) * 1972-02-07 1974-03-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Capillary device
WO1981003354A1 (en) * 1980-05-22 1981-11-26 M Juhola Procedure and means for creating a vertical drain

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1839358A (en) * 1927-09-15 1932-01-05 Raymond Concrete Pile Co Method of and apparatus for forming caissons
US1931249A (en) * 1928-05-08 1933-10-17 Vereinigte Stahlwerke Ag Pile
FR1127502A (fr) * 1955-06-01 1956-12-18 Perfectionnements à l'exécution des forages
US3054463A (en) * 1958-01-24 1962-09-18 Albert G Bodine Acoustic apparatus for driving piles
US3096622A (en) * 1958-07-02 1963-07-09 Richard E Landau Soil settling method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1839358A (en) * 1927-09-15 1932-01-05 Raymond Concrete Pile Co Method of and apparatus for forming caissons
US1931249A (en) * 1928-05-08 1933-10-17 Vereinigte Stahlwerke Ag Pile
FR1127502A (fr) * 1955-06-01 1956-12-18 Perfectionnements à l'exécution des forages
US3054463A (en) * 1958-01-24 1962-09-18 Albert G Bodine Acoustic apparatus for driving piles
US3096622A (en) * 1958-07-02 1963-07-09 Richard E Landau Soil settling method

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3420063A (en) * 1966-02-10 1969-01-07 Bodine Albert G Sonic process of placement of sand drains
US3707847A (en) * 1968-02-06 1973-01-02 Raymond Int Inc Installation of sand drains
US3646766A (en) * 1968-08-23 1972-03-07 Raymond Int Inc Installation of sand drains
US3543525A (en) * 1968-11-27 1970-12-01 Raymond Int Inc Formation of cast-in-place concrete piles
US3797250A (en) * 1972-02-07 1974-03-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Capillary device
WO1981003354A1 (en) * 1980-05-22 1981-11-26 M Juhola Procedure and means for creating a vertical drain

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE658057A (en。) 1965-07-08
GB1020660A (en) 1966-02-23
FR1420138A (fr) 1965-12-03
NL6500232A (en。) 1965-07-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4832535A (en) Process for compaction-reinforcement-grouting or for decompaction-drainage and for construction of linear works and plane works in the soils
US4618289A (en) Method of forming a cast-in-place support column
US5123209A (en) Earth engineering apparatus and method
US2555359A (en) Pile structure and method of making same
US961492A (en) Method of constructing piles.
US2924947A (en) Caisson
BR112013005081A2 (pt) Sistema para construir uma coluna de suporte e método de construção de uma coluna de suporte
US3358458A (en) Methods for installing nondisplacement sand drains
US3293865A (en) System for lining large diameter bore holes
US3736757A (en) Cast-in-situ concrete piles
US3316723A (en) Method and apparatus for forming foundation members
US10947690B2 (en) Trenchless method of installing a monolithic manhole in a levee for pipe access
EP0519575B1 (en) Method of making a foundation pile
US4639168A (en) Hollow foundation body and method of making a foundation
US1907654A (en) Foundation construction
KR0148168B1 (ko) 스티로폴볼을 이용한 트랜치내 콘크리트 타설공법
CN108487226A (zh) 多段式复合套管冲压砂桩施工工法
DE10025966A1 (de) Stützschlauch-Säulen
JPS62197513A (ja) 砂質地盤の不飽和振動締固め装置
JPH0711638A (ja) 袋体を有する杭
US1954094A (en) Foundation construction
US3007522A (en) Well construction in silty subsoil
DE69316908T2 (de) Polderprinzip und -verfahren unter verwendung von schutzwänden
US3188817A (en) Manufacture of concrete piling
SU903473A1 (ru) Способ возведени буронабивных свай