US3353247A - Method of producing piston rings - Google Patents

Method of producing piston rings Download PDF

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Publication number
US3353247A
US3353247A US263017A US26301763A US3353247A US 3353247 A US3353247 A US 3353247A US 263017 A US263017 A US 263017A US 26301763 A US26301763 A US 26301763A US 3353247 A US3353247 A US 3353247A
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United States
Prior art keywords
iron
mandrel
wire
temperature
steel
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US263017A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kubera Gerhard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Teves Thompson and Co GmbH
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Teves Thompson and Co GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/06—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass piston rings from one piece
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S277/00—Seal for a joint or juncture
    • Y10S277/924—Deformation, material removal, or molding for manufacture of seal

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Method of producing .piston rings wherein a coil body is formed by helically Winding a plurality of successive turns of a steel wire having a generally rectangular crosssection on a support, the wire having substantially the following composition: carbon 0.3 to 1.5% by weight,
  • the .present invention relates to a method of producing metallic sealing elements of the type adapted to surround a slidable body while in sealing relationship with a juxtaposed member and, more particularly, to piston rings and the like.
  • annular sealing elements of thi type must have a well-defined and substantially uniform distribution of radial pressure to avoid undue wear of the relatively shiftable bodies as well as a high heat resistance and a considerable wear resistance; These characteristics are particularly important in piston rings adapted to be used in internal-combustion engines and the like, wherein they are subjected to high temperatures, high-velocity sliding motion and various bending and compressive stresses. It is thus essential that these elements be shape-retentive in their stationary states as' well as during motion.
  • the present invention is based upon the discovery that, to a large measure, the composition of a steel wire or strip employed in the formation of a sealing element or piston ring will determine the suitability of the forming technique. More particularly, it has been found that an annular sealing ring can eifectively be produced by winding a steel wire of suitable composition around a form, which can be a mandrel or a known three-roll coiling device in a plastically deformable state. This winding operation is followed by rapid hardening of the wire on the form to invention to lprovide an produce a coil body, the quick-hardening step preferably being carried out by rapid oil quenching immediately after the winding step. The turns of the coil body can then be severed therefrom (e.g.
  • the individual rings with well-defined gaps can be subjected to an annealing step at a temperature much lower than the temperature employed for winding without distorting the ring to relieve any residual stresses and to increase its heat strength and wear characteristics.
  • the apparatus for producing the rings may thus comprise induction-heating means for raising the temperature of the wire to one in which the latter is in a plastically deformable state the oil-quenching means being provided along the path of winding just forwardly of the heating means at the coil form.
  • An essential feature of the present invention resides in the use of a steel composition which is characterized by a carbon content between substantially 0.3 and 1.5% by weight, with the steel being heated to a temperature above the alpha-iron/gamma-iron allotropic transformation temperature.
  • the latter generally lies above 750 (3., although temperatures as high as about 1100 C. can be employed for steels with the higher carbon concentrations.
  • the heating temperature is upwards of the Ac level (i.e. the AC3 temperature level upon a rise in temperature) or about 900 C.
  • the steel also contains between about 1.0 and 24.0% chromium, 0.5 to 4.0% molybdenum and 0.1 to 2.0% Vanadium, the balance being substantially entirely iron. If it is desired to increase the heat resistance of the ring, I have found that addition of about 1.0 to 5.0% nickel and/or 1.0 to 10.0% tungsten will produce optimum results. As a consequence of the rapid quenching the ring may comprise a large austenitic component and is quite adaptable to nitrogen case-hardening.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus for producing piston rings according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the formation of noncircular coil bodies from above.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the sealing element.
  • This strip is fed generally tangentially to the mandrel by a feed means, schematically illustrated as a pair of rollers 12, via an induction-heating coil 13 which is positioned just rearwardly of the mandrel 10.
  • the high-frequency alternating current from a source 14'c0nnected across coil 13 raises the temperature of the steel wire, which has the composition previouslydescribed, to a temperature above the alpha-iron/gamma-iron transformation temperature. As previously pointed out, the temperature is upwardly of 750 C. and may range to 1100" C.
  • the heating temperature must be above, say, 800 C. while at a carbon content of 1% the temperature should exceed 850 C. It suffices to point out that optimum results are obtained when the temperature is above the Ac level or about 900 C. for this type of steel.
  • the steel is thus in a plastically deformable state with little or no tendency to spring out of the helical configuration of the coil body 15 formed on the mandrel. The latter can be rotated in the direction of arrow 16 and is displaced axially (arrow 17) into a bath 18 of cold quenching oil.
  • the turns of the coil can be severed from the body and simultaneously provided with the necessary radial gap 19 (seen in the connection with the piston ring 20 of FIG- URE 3) by an axial slotting operation carried out along the line 21 when the coil is still on the mandrel.
  • the coil body15 can be removed from the mandrel and cut out along markings which have previously been applied thereto along, say, line 21.
  • an annealing process which can be carried out at exceptionally low temperatures.
  • the annealing process can be effected, forexam-ple, at a temperature onthe order of several hundred degrees C.
  • a piston ring produced in accordance with this method will generally not require any finishing operation along its inner surface (i.e. that juxtaposed with the mandrel) so that only the usual grinding'ofits planar upper and lower surfaces in addition to a honing of its periphery need be carried out.
  • FIG. Z' thereis shown an arrangement wherein the coil body 15'- is produced by Winding the steel strip 11' helically about a support 10' consisting of three angularly but nonsymmetrically' spaced rollers 10a, 10b, 10c so that a noncircular helix is formed.
  • An induction coil 13' can be provided to heat the strip-as it is wound upon the support;
  • a method of producing pistonrings which comprises the steps of inducti'vely heating a steelwire having the composition: carbon 0.3 to 1.5% by weight, chromium 1.0'to 25%, molybdenum 0.5 to 4;0% body weight-and vanadium ;1"to 2.0%by weight, the'balance being substantially entirely iron'to a temperature above the alphairon/ gamma-iron transformationtemperlicate of the steel; winding the-inductively heated steel wire around a mandrel at a temperature-abovethe alpha-iron/gamma-iron transformationtemperature of the steel; cooling the wirerality of successive turns of a steel-wire having a generally:
  • said wire having substantially the following composition: carbon 0.3 to 1.5% ,by weight, chromium 1.0 to 25.0%, molybdenum 0.5 to 4.0% by weight and'vanadium'Ol to 2.0% by weight, the balance being substantially entirely iron, induction heating said wire upon said support to a temperature above the alpha-iron/gamma-iron transition temperature of said wire; oil quenching the coil body on said support to cool said body; separating the turns of said body by slitting said coil in a generally axial direction; and annealing the rings thus formed to relieve stress.
  • said 'composition :further includes at least one metal selected from the group which consists of nickel in an amount between 1.0 and 5.0% by weight, and tungsten in an amount between 1.0 and 10% by weight.
  • a method of producing piston rings comprising the steps of forming a coil body by helically winding a plurality of successive turns of a steel wire having a generally rectangular cross-section on a noncircularly cylindrical mandrel, said wire having substantially the following composition: carbon 0.3 to 1.5% by weight, chromium 1.0 to 25.0%, molybdenum 0.5 to 4.0% by weight and vanadium 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, the balance being substantially entirely iron; induction heating said wire upon said mandrel to a temperature above the alpha-iron/ gamma-iron transition temperature of said wire; 7 oil quenching the coil body on said mandrel to cool said body; separating the turns of said body by slitting said coil in a'generally axial direction; and annealingthe rings.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
US263017A 1962-03-09 1963-03-05 Method of producing piston rings Expired - Lifetime US3353247A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DET21723A DE1228067B (de) 1962-03-09 1962-03-09 Verwendung einer Stahllegierung als Werkstoff fuer Kolbenringe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3353247A true US3353247A (en) 1967-11-21

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US (1) US3353247A (de)
DE (1) DE1228067B (de)
GB (1) GB1003353A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5253748U (de) * 1976-04-28 1977-04-18
FR2416082A1 (fr) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-31 Inst T Traktornogo Procede de fabrication d'organes d'expansion pour segments racleurs de pistons
US4497102A (en) * 1983-07-01 1985-02-05 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing a piston ring
US4499643A (en) * 1982-07-01 1985-02-19 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing a piston ring
US20080060727A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2008-03-13 Takemori Takayama Ferrous seal sliding parts and producing method thereof

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1650028C2 (de) * 1967-12-06 1974-01-10 Goetzewerke Friedrich Goetze Ag, 5673 Burscheid Kolbenring aus Grauguß
JPS536220A (en) * 1976-07-07 1978-01-20 Daido Steel Co Ltd Heat resistance steel having good hot crack resistance and wear resistance
JPS60153456A (ja) * 1984-01-23 1985-08-12 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd 鋼製ピストンリング
LU85579A1 (fr) * 1984-10-08 1986-06-11 Marichal Ketin & Cie Cylindre de laminoir a deux metaux pour cage degrossisseuse ou finisseuse d'un train a bades a chaud
DE4200489C2 (de) * 1991-01-19 1995-09-28 Hitachi Metals Ltd Zweiteiliger Ölring und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1686937A (en) * 1926-09-28 1928-10-09 B D Emanuel Process of making piston rings
US1859057A (en) * 1931-02-21 1932-05-17 Walter J Six Method of making piston rings
US1988738A (en) * 1931-05-25 1935-01-22 Charles E Johnson Process of making piston rings
US2132197A (en) * 1934-08-31 1938-10-04 Jr Edmund R Week Method of making piston rings
US2279133A (en) * 1940-03-18 1942-04-07 Cross Roland Claude Manufacture of piston and other rings from wire
US2390417A (en) * 1943-07-14 1945-12-04 Harry M Bramberry Method of manufacturing piston rings
US2459395A (en) * 1943-05-13 1949-01-18 Mcquay Norris Mfg Co Piston ring
US2467414A (en) * 1943-06-16 1949-04-19 Wilkening Mfg Co Apparatus for making piston rings
US2471650A (en) * 1945-10-19 1949-05-31 Donald F Lucas Fusible ring and method of making same
US2487587A (en) * 1944-05-11 1949-11-08 Hastings Mfg Co Apparatus for manufacturing piston ring elements
US2591920A (en) * 1947-11-24 1952-04-08 Burd Piston Ring Co Piston ring
US2742279A (en) * 1954-12-03 1956-04-17 Perfect Circle Corp Machine for heat-treating strip material

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR865511A (fr) * 1940-05-09 1941-05-26 Villar Perosa Sa Off Di Roulements en acier nitruré, ayant une dureté élevée tant en surface que dans lenoyau

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1686937A (en) * 1926-09-28 1928-10-09 B D Emanuel Process of making piston rings
US1859057A (en) * 1931-02-21 1932-05-17 Walter J Six Method of making piston rings
US1988738A (en) * 1931-05-25 1935-01-22 Charles E Johnson Process of making piston rings
US2132197A (en) * 1934-08-31 1938-10-04 Jr Edmund R Week Method of making piston rings
US2279133A (en) * 1940-03-18 1942-04-07 Cross Roland Claude Manufacture of piston and other rings from wire
US2459395A (en) * 1943-05-13 1949-01-18 Mcquay Norris Mfg Co Piston ring
US2467414A (en) * 1943-06-16 1949-04-19 Wilkening Mfg Co Apparatus for making piston rings
US2390417A (en) * 1943-07-14 1945-12-04 Harry M Bramberry Method of manufacturing piston rings
US2487587A (en) * 1944-05-11 1949-11-08 Hastings Mfg Co Apparatus for manufacturing piston ring elements
US2471650A (en) * 1945-10-19 1949-05-31 Donald F Lucas Fusible ring and method of making same
US2591920A (en) * 1947-11-24 1952-04-08 Burd Piston Ring Co Piston ring
US2742279A (en) * 1954-12-03 1956-04-17 Perfect Circle Corp Machine for heat-treating strip material

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5253748U (de) * 1976-04-28 1977-04-18
JPS5634883Y2 (de) * 1976-04-28 1981-08-17
FR2416082A1 (fr) * 1978-02-06 1979-08-31 Inst T Traktornogo Procede de fabrication d'organes d'expansion pour segments racleurs de pistons
US4499643A (en) * 1982-07-01 1985-02-19 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing a piston ring
US4497102A (en) * 1983-07-01 1985-02-05 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing a piston ring
US20080060727A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2008-03-13 Takemori Takayama Ferrous seal sliding parts and producing method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1003353A (en) 1965-09-02
DE1228067B (de) 1966-11-03

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