US3352503A - Apparatus for electro-hydraulic crushing - Google Patents

Apparatus for electro-hydraulic crushing Download PDF

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Publication number
US3352503A
US3352503A US429464A US42946465A US3352503A US 3352503 A US3352503 A US 3352503A US 429464 A US429464 A US 429464A US 42946465 A US42946465 A US 42946465A US 3352503 A US3352503 A US 3352503A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electro
electrodes
spark
gap
capacitor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US429464A
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English (en)
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Maroudas Nicholas George
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
    • G10K15/04—Sound-producing devices
    • G10K15/06—Sound-producing devices using electric discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A technique and apparatus for crushing materials by electro-hydraulic techniques is characterized by arranging for a spark to be discharged through a liquid containing the material to be crushed, wherein the total time of discharge is not more than about 1 micro-second. This is achieved by designing the apparatus to have an extremely low inductance.
  • the present invention relates to improvements in electro-hydraulic techniques.
  • electro-hydraulic techniques may be used for crushing materials such as coal, gravel, chalk or glasses and refractory materials such as carbides or oxides, which, for one reason or another, are difiicult to crush by conventional techniques.
  • the technique may also be used for forming ductile materials, such as heet steel and the like, by placing a blank in contact with an evacuated die and subjecting the side of the blank remote from the die to electro-hydraulic impulses from spark discharges in a liquid in contact with the surface of the blank.
  • a well known class of electro-hydraulic machines comprises a capacitance which is charged to a high voltage from some suitable source and is arranged to discharge via an air gap or other gas gap in series with a liquid gap, with the gas gap functioning as a shaping device for the discharge through the liquid gap which creates the working discharge.
  • the efliciency of the technique in terms of crushing depends upon two main factors, namely the electro-acoustic efi'icency and the comminution efllciency.
  • electro-acoustic efi'icency the electro-acoustic efi'icency
  • the comminution efllciency the electro-acoustic efi'icency
  • a method of applying electro-hydraulic techniques to crushing comprises discharging essentially all the energy stored in a capacitor through a spark discharge gap in a liquid medium in a time of not more than about one microsecond.
  • At least 85% of the energy stored in the capacitor is discharged in a time of 0.5 microsecond.
  • V L 6 the optimum parameters are related by V L 6) (1) where R is the mean resistance, in ohms, of the liquid gap during discharge L is inductance in microhenries. C is capacitance in microfarads.
  • electro-acoustic spark discharge crushing apparatus comprising a spark discharge gap in a containing vessel, such gap being defined by a pair of electrodes adapted to be immersed in a liquid medium contained in the said containing vessel, such electrodes being connected via a gas spark gap to opposite plates of at least one capacitor which is adapted to be connected to a source of high potential, the circuit comprising the two spark gaps and the capacitor having an inductance of not more than 0.1 microhenry and the capacitance is such that the energy thereof is discharged in a time of not more than one microsecond.
  • the apparatus of the present invention does not differ, in its essential parts, from those conventional in the art but it does dififer fundamentally in the electrical values of the circuit formed by these parts and it is in the arrangement of the conventional parts to achieve the low values of inductance with the consequent low value of spark time that the present invention resides in one of its aspects. Moreover, the detailed form in which the invention is embodied diifers from the forms previously proposed.
  • the treatment cell comprises a brass tube 1 which is provided with an internal lining 2 of suitable insulating material, for example polythene. Below the lining 2, the tube 1 is provided with a grid 3 and an upfiow of water is arranged to pass through the tube 1 in the direction of the arrow A. It will be appreciated that the efiect of this upflow of water is to sweep out of the portion of the tube, represented in the drawings, any of the crushed material which has been reduced below a specific size which will depend upon the specific gravity of the material and the velocity of water supplied.
  • suitable insulating material for example polythene
  • a first electrode 4 is provided in the tube 1 and consists of a screw-threaded member engaged with a screwthreaded bore in the tube 1 in such a manner that the electrode passes radially into the tube through the insulating lining 2.
  • the outer end of the electrode 4 is provided with a knurled knob 5 to enable the radial position of the electrode to be adjusted.
  • the tube 1 is provided with a radial tubular extension 6 diametrically opposite to the electrode 4 and at its outer end this extension 6 carries a flat brass plate 7.
  • the brass plate 7 forms one plate of the capacitance and the integers 1, 6 and 7 are electrically bonded together and to earth so that the electrode 4 is the earthed electrode. It is important to observe that this arrangement provides for minimum inductance in the circuit and that if, for example, the electrode 4 were connected to the plate 7 by means of a loop or strap of a conducting material such as copper, the increase in inductance would be such that the apparatus would not be within the scope of the present invention.
  • the extension 6 is also lined with insulating material 8 and as can be seen a Web 9 of insulating material closes the end of the extension 6 adjacent to the tube 1, this web 9 being adapted to support a second electrode 10 which passes therethrough into the tube 1 and which has a hemispherical head 11 located within the extension 6.
  • a flat circular plate 12 of insulating material is disposed adjacent to the face of the plate 7 remote from the tube 1 and a further circular plate of brass 13 is applied to the free face of the plate 12 so as to form the other plate of the capacitance, the plate 13 being adapted for connection to a high voltage source.
  • the plate '13 is provided with a centrally located threaded bore in which is housed a threaded tube 14 which passes axially into the extension 6 and has a hemispherical head 15. Gas may be passed into the extension 6 by means of the bore 16 of the tube 14 and, as can be seen, the tube 14 with its head are electrically connected to the plate 13 of the capacitance so that the heads 11 and 15 .form a gas gap for the generation of the shaping discharge. The gas pressure at the gas gap may be adjusted by means of the bore 16.
  • the operation of the apparatus is extremely simple, and it will be understood that, the flow of water being turned on and a material to be comminuted being present between the electrodes 4 and 10, the plate 13 is charged to a high voltage by means of a generator connected between it and the earthed plate 7.
  • the electrode 4 is connected to the earthed plate 7 and the head 15 is connected to the high voltage plate 13.
  • spark discharges will take place simultaneously between the heads 11 and 15 and between the electrodes 4 and 10.
  • the discharge tak- 4 material therein which will then be swept away by the stream of water.
  • the crushing cell in the form of an annulus in which case it will be convenient to provide a plurality of interconnected earthed electrodes extending radially from the inner wall of the annulus with a plurality of separately energized electrodes extending inwardly from the outer wall of the annulus.
  • This arrangement may also be used with the series arrangement above described in order to obtain a helical configuration.
  • Electro-acoustic discharge crushing apparatus comprising a containing vessel, a first pair of electrodes defining a spark discharge gap in said containing vessel, such electrodes being adapted to be immersed in a liquid medium contained in the said vessel, a capacitor having first and second plates, a second pair of electrodes defining a gas spark gap, a connection from one of said first pair of electrodes to one of said second pair, connections from the other two electrodes to said capacitor plates, the circuit comprising the two spark gaps and the capacitor having an inductance of not more than 0.1 microhenry and the capacitance being such that the energy thereof is discharged in a time of not more than about one microsecond.
  • one of'the first pair of electrodes is electrically insulated from the containing vessel, the other is directly connected to the containing vessel, and the containing vessel is connected directly to one of the plates of the capacitor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
US429464A 1964-02-06 1965-02-01 Apparatus for electro-hydraulic crushing Expired - Lifetime US3352503A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5070/64A GB1021786A (en) 1964-02-06 1964-02-06 Improvements in or relating to electro-hydraulic crushing techniques

Publications (1)

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US3352503A true US3352503A (en) 1967-11-14

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US429464A Expired - Lifetime US3352503A (en) 1964-02-06 1965-02-01 Apparatus for electro-hydraulic crushing

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US (1) US3352503A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png)
BE (1) BE659375A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png)
DE (1) DE1299209B (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png)
FR (1) FR1423592A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png)
GB (1) GB1021786A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png)
NL (1) NL6501438A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3604641A (en) * 1969-02-10 1971-09-14 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Apparatus for hydraulic crushing
US3658268A (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-04-25 Du Pont Apparatus for shocking materials
US3715082A (en) * 1970-12-07 1973-02-06 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Electro-hydraulic crushing apparatus
US3749958A (en) * 1970-12-30 1973-07-31 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Electrohydraulic crushing apparatus
US3770212A (en) * 1971-04-08 1973-11-06 V Ivashkin Method of comminuting materials preferably conducting materials, and an apparatus for accomplishing the same
FR2742077A1 (fr) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-13 Tzn Forschung & Entwicklung Procede et dispositif de separation de materiaux elastiques lies a des materiaux metalliques
US20050051644A1 (en) * 2001-12-11 2005-03-10 Jacques Paris Method for treating a nuclear graphite contaminated
US20050124842A1 (en) * 2001-12-11 2005-06-09 Jacques Paris Method for destroying a nuclear graphite by gasification in aqueous medium
US20120132732A1 (en) * 2009-02-13 2012-05-31 Abdelaziz Bentaj Method and system for reusing materials and/or products by pulsed power
US10012063B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-07-03 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Ring electrode device and method for generating high-pressure pulses

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2120579B (en) * 1982-05-21 1985-07-10 De Beers Ind Diamond Method and apparatus for crushing materials such as minerals
DE4218283A1 (de) * 1992-05-27 1993-12-02 Wacker Chemitronic Verfahren zum kontaminationsfreien Zerkleinern von Halbleitermaterial, insbesondere Silicium
DE19534232C2 (de) * 1995-09-15 1998-01-29 Karlsruhe Forschzent Verfahren zur Zerkleinerung und Zertrümmerung von aus nichtmetallischen oder teilweise metallischen Bestandteilen konglomerierten Festkörpern und zur Zerkleinerung homogener nichtmetallischer Festkörper

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2163649A (en) * 1935-11-25 1939-06-27 Chester E Weaver Method and apparatus for utilizing high frequency compressional waves
US2661784A (en) * 1953-12-08 Method and apparatus for
US3181799A (en) * 1962-09-06 1965-05-04 Goodman Mfg Co Method for loosening frozen ore beds
US3207447A (en) * 1963-08-22 1965-09-21 Kennecott Copper Corp Method of crushing ores with explosive energy released in a liquid medium, and apparatus therefor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2661784A (en) * 1953-12-08 Method and apparatus for
US2163649A (en) * 1935-11-25 1939-06-27 Chester E Weaver Method and apparatus for utilizing high frequency compressional waves
US3181799A (en) * 1962-09-06 1965-05-04 Goodman Mfg Co Method for loosening frozen ore beds
US3207447A (en) * 1963-08-22 1965-09-21 Kennecott Copper Corp Method of crushing ores with explosive energy released in a liquid medium, and apparatus therefor

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3604641A (en) * 1969-02-10 1971-09-14 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Apparatus for hydraulic crushing
US3658268A (en) * 1970-10-30 1972-04-25 Du Pont Apparatus for shocking materials
US3715082A (en) * 1970-12-07 1973-02-06 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Electro-hydraulic crushing apparatus
US3749958A (en) * 1970-12-30 1973-07-31 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Electrohydraulic crushing apparatus
US3770212A (en) * 1971-04-08 1973-11-06 V Ivashkin Method of comminuting materials preferably conducting materials, and an apparatus for accomplishing the same
FR2742077A1 (fr) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-13 Tzn Forschung & Entwicklung Procede et dispositif de separation de materiaux elastiques lies a des materiaux metalliques
US5842650A (en) * 1995-12-07 1998-12-01 Tzn Forschungs - Und Entwicklungszentrum Unterluss Gmbh Method and arrangement for breaking up elastic materials combined with metallic materials
US20050051644A1 (en) * 2001-12-11 2005-03-10 Jacques Paris Method for treating a nuclear graphite contaminated
US20050124842A1 (en) * 2001-12-11 2005-06-09 Jacques Paris Method for destroying a nuclear graphite by gasification in aqueous medium
US7465377B2 (en) 2001-12-11 2008-12-16 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Method for destroying a nuclear graphite by gasification in aqueous medium
US7500623B2 (en) * 2001-12-11 2009-03-10 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Process for the Treatment of a Nuclear Graphite Contaminated with Radioelements by Milling the Said Graphite in a Liquid Medium
US20120132732A1 (en) * 2009-02-13 2012-05-31 Abdelaziz Bentaj Method and system for reusing materials and/or products by pulsed power
US8746598B2 (en) * 2009-02-13 2014-06-10 Camille Campagnie d'Assistance Miniere et Industrielle Method and system for reusing materials and/or products by pulsed power
US10012063B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-07-03 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Ring electrode device and method for generating high-pressure pulses
US10077644B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-09-18 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method and apparatus for generating high-pressure pulses in a subterranean dielectric medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1423592A (fr) 1966-03-21
BE659375A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png)
GB1021786A (en) 1966-03-09
DE1299209B (de) 1969-07-10
NL6501438A (US07709020-20100504-C00041.png) 1965-08-09

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