US3351059A - Single stable dose vaccinator - Google Patents

Single stable dose vaccinator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3351059A
US3351059A US371918A US37191864A US3351059A US 3351059 A US3351059 A US 3351059A US 371918 A US371918 A US 371918A US 37191864 A US37191864 A US 37191864A US 3351059 A US3351059 A US 3351059A
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United States
Prior art keywords
needles
points
dried
common support
vaccine
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Expired - Lifetime
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US371918A
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English (en)
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Kravitz Harvey
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US371918A priority Critical patent/US3351059A/en
Priority to DE1965K0056221 priority patent/DE1466853A1/de
Priority to IL23647A priority patent/IL23647A/en
Priority to BE664696D priority patent/BE664696A/xx
Priority to CH765665A priority patent/CH430039A/fr
Priority to FR19162A priority patent/FR1436970A/fr
Priority to GB23616/65A priority patent/GB1107410A/en
Priority to NL6507011A priority patent/NL6507011A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3351059A publication Critical patent/US3351059A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for vaccinating or cleaning the skin previous to the vaccination
    • A61B17/205—Vaccinating by means of needles or other puncturing devices

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved vaccinator and more particularly relates to a single stable dose vaccinator.
  • Patent No. 2,817,336 discloses, in one form thereof, the combination of a multiple point scarifier and liquid biological carried thereby to be applied to the selected skin area from the exterior of the scarifier points.
  • My said co-pending application also discloses a multiple point scarilier and liquid biological to be applied to a selected skin area from the scarifying points, with one improvement being that the scarifying points are clustered very closely together, so that the liquid biological may be loaded onto the points to be retained there by surface tension prior to use of the scarifying instrument.
  • smallpox vaccine the liquid has a relatively limited shelf life of about 90 days, and then only when maintained refrigerated.
  • a dried, or lyophilized, smallpox vaccine would have a much longer shelf life, of about 18 months when in dried state, and furthermore does not have to be refrigerated until after reactivation by a liquid diluent.
  • the apparent desired utility of dried biologicals, such as lyophilized smallpox vaccine itself poses many problems.
  • the broad concept of providing a single instrument that includes both a scarier and a dried biological on the instrument is old as, for example, wherein a multiple point scratch scarier was provided, and dried virus was carried on the handle of the instrument from which the multiple scarifier points projected. Not only does the location of the dried virus on the holder for the points pose problems in handling by the doctor and possible contamination, but that disclosure contemplated the necessity of wetting of the dried virus with lymph or blood serially resulting from use of the scarier.
  • the latter device also suffers from additional expense incident to the necessary surface treatment of the scarifying points, from the necessity of having to rely upon generation of lymph or blood in the wound of the applicatee, from painfulness of application incident to the shape and spacing of the scarifying needles and the twisting action of the embedded needles in the preferred usage, from inability to insure accurate dosage with each of the separate scariers, and from the necessity of relying upon at least four separate scarifiers with separate dosages thereon to insure a satisfactory inoculation.
  • the object of this invention is to provide an improved single-stable-dose vaccinator, or scariiier device wherein the scarifier provides multiple inexpensive scarification points and which device provides thereon the biological in dried form located precisely where it is to be used, so that application of the biological occurs simultaneously with the effecting of scarication, and ywhich device does not necessarily rely upon generation of lymph or blood to effect reactivation of the dried virus or biological.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved multiple point scarifying instrument wherein the multiple points are clustered closely together and a dried biological substance, such as virus or antigen, is deposited in crotches defined by pairs of multiple points to provide effective retention and desirable location of the biological substance for ease in re-activation, and in application of, the biological substance, and to effect production of a product that substantially assures uniformity of dosage.
  • a dried biological substance such as virus or antigen
  • FIGURE 1 is a greatly enlarged top plan view of one form of the scarifying portion of a vaccinator embodying features of my invention, and shows the rigid pressure base and cluster of puncture points extending therefrom;
  • FIGURE 2 is a side elevation view of the pressure base and puncture points shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 shows use of the device of FIGURE 2 with the puncture points loaded with liquid biological, such as a vaccine, prior to the lyophilization of the biological;
  • FIGURE 4 shows the device of FIGURE 3 after the liquid biological has been dried by lyophilization, and illustrates the dried biological retained in position between pairs of picture points;
  • FIGURE 5 is an enlarged elevational view illustrating another form of multiple-point scarifier loaded with lyophilized biological
  • FIGURE 6 is a side elevation View of the device in FIGURE 5 taken looking from the right of FIGURE 5;
  • FIGURE 7 is a bottom plan view of the device of FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURE 8 is a side elevation view illustrating a typical i have utility in tuberculin testing and in other processes where a biological substance is intended to be applied to a scarified portion of skin, and where the device for such operation is to be a single-use, discardable instrument having an extended shelf life prior to use that does not require elaborate or uneconomical storage conditions.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 show one basic form of scarifier generally indicated at 18.
  • the scarifier 18 includes a fiat, generally square, pressure base 20' that is thin but relatively rigid.
  • An abruptly projecting platform 22 is located centrally of the square base 20.
  • Projecting transversely from the plane of platform 22 are nine puncture points 24, each of which is in the form of a tapered pyramid, the opposite sides of which have therebetween an included angle of about 12 degrees.
  • the nine puncture points 24 are equally spaced, as shown, and are arranged in a predetermined pattern of three straight rows each containing three points. Certain edges of the bases of the points 24 coincide with the peripheral edge of platform 22.
  • the platform has a square area with an edge dimension in the order of 0.3 centimeter.
  • the extended tips of the puncture points 24 are spaced approximately 0.3 centimeter from the upper side of the pressure base 20, and the height, or thickness, of the platform 22 is approximately one-quarter of the said spacing.
  • the platform serves to prevent smearing of the vaccine during the vaccination.
  • the arrangement of the platform 22 centrally of pressure base 20 provides a border portion 2l on the base that is of substantially uniform width and completely surrounds the platform 22. Because of the close spacing of the points 24, they are referred to as being clustered centrally of the base 20.
  • the provision of the border portion 21 insures that the area of the back side of pressure base 20 is many times the area in which the cluster of points 24 is located.
  • the width of the border portion 21 is substantially the same dimension as the edge width of the platform 22, so that the area of base 20 is about nine times the area of the platform 22.
  • the scarifier thus far disclosed has been found to have unusual properties. It was first observed that the cluster of nine elongated puncture points 247 within a limited square area of less than 0.3 centimeter along a side, provides a considerable amount of surface area both along the sides of the pyramids 24 and at the surface of platform 22 from whence the points 24 project. It has been discovered that when a small amount of vaccine material, such as a portion of a drop, is deposited, or loaded, onto the cluster of points 24, the surface tension between the vaccine and the contacted surfaces of the puncture points 24 and platform 22 is such that the scarifier 18 may be manipulated to any position whatsoever without the vaccine leaving the puncture points. Thus, with vaccine loaded onto it, the scarifier 1S could be turned completely upside down, with the points facing downwardly and the vaccine will not run off the points.
  • treated vaccinator point held little promise of success; and this was likewise true in attempting to predict or obtain uniformity of dosage, which is essential if one is to know how much dried vaccine is carried by the instrument.
  • each pair of adjacent scarifier points 24 defines therebetween a socket, or crotch 26.
  • the presence of a pair of closely adjacent points 24 4 provides structural elements that greatly enhance in kind, rather than in degree, the effect of capillarity, or reactance to surface tension of a liquid, as compared with the ability of an unassisted single point to similarly utilize the effects of surface tension of a liquid.
  • each crotch 26 defined by a pair of points 24 may be easily filled, or fully bridged over, -by a load of liquid vaccine V.
  • the dry residue of the drying process remains in the crotch 26 and effects surprisingly greater tenacity to the surfaces of points 24 and to the surface of platform 22 than coul-d be effected by forcing the dried vaccine under pressure into such a crotch 26.
  • Loading of the scarier points 24 may be effected either by dropping liquid vaccine onto upwardly facing points, or by dipping downwardly facing points into a bath, or pool, of vaccine and holding it in such position until the capillary action and surface tension has operated to fully load the points with liquid vaccine.
  • the latter process has been determined to be feasible because the capillarity of the pairs of adjacent points 24 and the liquid tension of the vaccine V will effect loading of the crotches 26 as illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates the appearance of a multiple-point scarifier with dried vaccine, V (Dry), thereon produced by such a process.
  • the device After drying, the device is preferably packaged under aseptic conditions in the presence of dry nitrogen to prevent the dried vaccine from absorbing moisture.
  • the device is, for example, packaged in a heat sealed, or ultrasonic sealed, transparent envelope E, of cellophane or plastic iilm, such as polyethylene or Teflon, containing dry nitrogen gas therein. This type of packaging provides long term stability for dry vaccine.
  • the device of FIGURES 1 and 2 is preferably provided with a manipulator, such as a handle, stem, or elongated rod 28 attached to or made integral with the back side of base 20.
  • a manipulator such as a handle, stem, or elongated rod 28 attached to or made integral with the back side of base 20.
  • the cross-section of manipulator 28 may be round or of the same periphery as base 20, as long as it provides a convenient grasp to the user.
  • a preferred form of manipulator is the thumb ring mounting specifically illustrated in FIGURES 547 and generally disclosed in FIG. of U.S. Patent 3,062,212.
  • an integrally molded scarilier and manipulator including a frusto-conical, split ring, thumb mounting 40, with a flattened internal surface 42 for pressure engagement by a thumb pad.
  • the surface 42 is the back side of a circular base 44 having a projecting, smear preventing, platform 46 from whence extend nine (9) pressure puncture points 48.
  • the points 48 in FIGURES 5-7 are clustered more tightly on platform 46 than in FIGURES 1-4, the points 48 being spaced inwardly from the peripheral edge of platform 46.
  • the length of points 24 and 48 is about 0.21 crn. It is believed that the preferable range of point length is said length plus or minus a few (2 to 5) hundredths of a centimeter.
  • the spacing of the tips of a pair of points 24 in FIGURES 1-4 is about 0.12 cm., while the spacing of the tips of a pair of points 48 in FIGURES 5-7 is -about 0.08 cm.
  • the maximum desirable range of spacing of the tips of a pair of scarifying points to effect desired capillarity, is about 0.12 cm.
  • the scarifrer points may be made of any desired material, including plastics or metals.
  • the scariers are molded from plastic, although steel points could also be used.
  • a biological applicator of the type that includes a plurality of at least two scarifying needles projecting from a common support and a solid residue of dried biological substance carried by all said scarifying needles,
  • each needle providing at least one side that bounds said crotch space and which side is inclined along the length of the needle from the tip thereof to said common support so that the width dimension of the crotch space is smaller adjacent the common support than at the tips of the needles,
  • each crotch space that is free of said dried residue providing a diluent-receivingand-holding space adapted to receive and hold therein an amount of liquid diluent that is retained therein by surface tension between the liquid diluent and the adjacent needles and is suilcient to precisely reconstitute the dried residue located at the other end of the crotch space, thereby providing an applicator that is required to be reconstituted before usage by an amount of liquid diluent to yield an effective and precise liquid dose of biological that is to be administered simultaneously with scarifcation by all the needles of the applicator.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
US371918A 1964-06-02 1964-06-02 Single stable dose vaccinator Expired - Lifetime US3351059A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US371918A US3351059A (en) 1964-06-02 1964-06-02 Single stable dose vaccinator
DE1965K0056221 DE1466853A1 (de) 1964-06-02 1965-05-26 Vorrichtung zur UEbertragung einer biologischen Substanz in das Hautgewebe
BE664696D BE664696A (de) 1964-06-02 1965-05-31
IL23647A IL23647A (en) 1964-06-02 1965-05-31 Single stable dose vaccinator
CH765665A CH430039A (fr) 1964-06-02 1965-06-01 Dispositif à vacciner
FR19162A FR1436970A (fr) 1964-06-02 1965-06-01 Dispositif à vacciner
GB23616/65A GB1107410A (en) 1964-06-02 1965-06-02 Single dose vaccinating device
NL6507011A NL6507011A (de) 1964-06-02 1965-06-02

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US371918A US3351059A (en) 1964-06-02 1964-06-02 Single stable dose vaccinator

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US3351059A true US3351059A (en) 1967-11-07

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US371918A Expired - Lifetime US3351059A (en) 1964-06-02 1964-06-02 Single stable dose vaccinator

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3351059A (de)
BE (1) BE664696A (de)
CH (1) CH430039A (de)
DE (1) DE1466853A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1436970A (de)
GB (1) GB1107410A (de)
IL (1) IL23647A (de)
NL (1) NL6507011A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3510933A (en) * 1967-05-26 1970-05-12 American Cyanamid Co Apparatus and method for continuously forming intracutaneous injectors
EP0312662A1 (de) * 1984-08-24 1989-04-26 David George Vlock Vorrichtung zur Flüssigkeitsabgabe
US20020132054A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-19 Trautman Joseph C. Method and apparatus for coating skin piercing microprojections
US20030125678A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-03 Swenson Jon D. Medical needle assemblies
US20030191085A1 (en) * 2000-05-22 2003-10-09 Mikszta John A. Topical delivery of vaccines
US20040265365A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-30 Daddona Peter E. Method for coating skin piercing microprojections
CN106413797A (zh) * 2014-06-13 2017-02-15 凸版印刷株式会社 针状体的制造方法及针状体

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH541957A (de) * 1971-08-31 1973-09-30 Schweiz Serum & Impfinst Impfgerät
EP3401260B1 (de) * 2017-05-12 2023-08-09 Otis Elevator Company Aufzugsauflaufsysteme

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US652999A (en) * 1899-01-31 1900-07-03 Louis A Denis Vaccinating instrument.
US2619962A (en) * 1948-02-19 1952-12-02 Res Foundation Vaccination appliance
US3010455A (en) * 1960-08-29 1961-11-28 American Cyanamid Co Intracutaneous injector with controlled entrance angle
US3034507A (en) * 1960-05-10 1962-05-15 American Cyanamid Co Intracutaneous injection device
FR1309352A (fr) * 1961-10-03 1962-11-16 Nouveau dispositif pour effectuer la vaccination ou les tests médicaux
US3074403A (en) * 1960-05-17 1963-01-22 American Cyanamid Co Intracutaneous injector with capillary gap
US3123212A (en) * 1964-03-03 Multiple disposable intracutaneous injector package
US3136314A (en) * 1960-08-01 1964-06-09 Kravitz Harvey Vaccinating devices
US3148772A (en) * 1962-09-18 1964-09-15 Dentists Supply Co Sterile surgical packaging
US3221739A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-12-07 Rosenthal Sol Roy Injection device

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123212A (en) * 1964-03-03 Multiple disposable intracutaneous injector package
US652999A (en) * 1899-01-31 1900-07-03 Louis A Denis Vaccinating instrument.
US2619962A (en) * 1948-02-19 1952-12-02 Res Foundation Vaccination appliance
US3034507A (en) * 1960-05-10 1962-05-15 American Cyanamid Co Intracutaneous injection device
US3074403A (en) * 1960-05-17 1963-01-22 American Cyanamid Co Intracutaneous injector with capillary gap
US3136314A (en) * 1960-08-01 1964-06-09 Kravitz Harvey Vaccinating devices
US3010455A (en) * 1960-08-29 1961-11-28 American Cyanamid Co Intracutaneous injector with controlled entrance angle
FR1309352A (fr) * 1961-10-03 1962-11-16 Nouveau dispositif pour effectuer la vaccination ou les tests médicaux
US3221739A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-12-07 Rosenthal Sol Roy Injection device
US3148772A (en) * 1962-09-18 1964-09-15 Dentists Supply Co Sterile surgical packaging

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3510933A (en) * 1967-05-26 1970-05-12 American Cyanamid Co Apparatus and method for continuously forming intracutaneous injectors
EP0312662A1 (de) * 1984-08-24 1989-04-26 David George Vlock Vorrichtung zur Flüssigkeitsabgabe
US20080009785A1 (en) * 2000-05-22 2008-01-10 Mikszta John A Topical delivery of vaccines
US20030191085A1 (en) * 2000-05-22 2003-10-09 Mikszta John A. Topical delivery of vaccines
US7731968B2 (en) * 2000-05-22 2010-06-08 Becton, Dickinson And Company Topical delivery of vaccines
US20020132054A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2002-09-19 Trautman Joseph C. Method and apparatus for coating skin piercing microprojections
US7435299B2 (en) 2001-03-16 2008-10-14 Alza Corporation Method and apparatus for coating skin piercing microprojections
US6855372B2 (en) 2001-03-16 2005-02-15 Alza Corporation Method and apparatus for coating skin piercing microprojections
US20050084604A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2005-04-21 Trautman Joseph C. Method and apparatus for coating skin piercing microprojections
US20030125678A1 (en) * 2001-12-28 2003-07-03 Swenson Jon D. Medical needle assemblies
US6726649B2 (en) * 2001-12-28 2004-04-27 Becton, Dickinson And Company Medical needle assemblies
US20040265365A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-30 Daddona Peter E. Method for coating skin piercing microprojections
CN106413797A (zh) * 2014-06-13 2017-02-15 凸版印刷株式会社 针状体的制造方法及针状体
US20170080613A1 (en) * 2014-06-13 2017-03-23 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Needle shaped body and method for manufacturing needle shaped body
US10500771B2 (en) 2014-06-13 2019-12-10 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Needle shaped body and method for manufacturing needle shaped body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6507011A (de) 1965-12-03
FR1436970A (fr) 1966-04-29
DE1466853A1 (de) 1969-06-26
IL23647A (en) 1969-03-27
GB1107410A (en) 1968-03-27
BE664696A (de) 1965-09-16
CH430039A (fr) 1967-02-15

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