US3347718A - Method for improving the magnetic properties of ferrous sheets - Google Patents
Method for improving the magnetic properties of ferrous sheets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3347718A US3347718A US338572A US33857264A US3347718A US 3347718 A US3347718 A US 3347718A US 338572 A US338572 A US 338572A US 33857264 A US33857264 A US 33857264A US 3347718 A US3347718 A US 3347718A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- stocks
- stock
- smooth
- samples
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
Definitions
- the invention is applicable to a wide variety of ferro-magnetic materials.
- ferrous magnetic materials While the permeabilities and other magnetic properties of ferrous magnetic materials will of course vary with composition and other gross characteristics of the material including grain size, the kind and degree of grain orientation (it any) and the like, the present invention is based upon the discovery of hitherto unknown effects of the surface condition of magnetic sheet stocks, which effects are essentially independent of the said gross characteristics,
- the factor of cost enters into the availability and use of ferro-magnetic stocks, so that a very large proportion of the sheet stocks used is made up of magnetic ingot irons, low alloy sheets and even materials classifiable as silicon-irons which can be produced cheaply and which are essentially devoid of preferential grain orientation.
- the present invention is applicable to such materials as well as to silicon-irons in the cube-on-edge orientation, nickel irons containing approximately 20% to 80% nickel, and others.
- a stock which has been hot rolled to gauge will have a rough surface within the meaning of this application whether or not the hot mill scale has been removed from the surfaces of the stock, as by pickling.
- ferromagnetic sheet stocks of any kind, have been produced in the practical art with very smooth surfaces.
- the first of these classes is that of exceedingly thin materials which be cause of their thinness must be produced on precision mills having very small working rolls. The working rolls of such mills are generally made with highly polished surfaces.
- the second of these classes is that of siliconiron sheet stocks which are made to have a cubic texture, i.e. a [001] grain orientation by Millers Indices, by processes involving the production in the stock of a number of grains having the cubic texture, and then subjecting the stock to a secondary recrystallization which proceeds basically by the phenomenon of surface energy.
- the annealing atmosphere used for the secondary recrystallization contains a minute quantity of a polar compound which shifts the order of the energy levels of grains having different orientations; and the Kohler US. Patent No. 3,090,711 teaches that the cubic texture cannot be attained in high degree unless the sheet stock being treated has a smooth surface, which apparently affects the surface energy of the grains. But if any other or different magnetic effects are attained in products of the two classes just mentioned (as to which there is no evidence), such effects could not be observed or detected. Since the products can be made only in the Ways indicated, there is no basis of comparison.
- the secondary recrystallization proceeds by grain boundary phenomena, and is not controlled by the obtaining of the desired orientation and the roughness or smoothness of the surfaces of the sheet stock.
- a smooth surface on the magnetic sheet stock is meant a smoothness which will measure not more than about. 5 microinches on the profilometer.
- the sheet or strip stock of this invention will give a profilometer reading range from less than one to about 5 microinches.
- the magnetic benefits which are derived from the practice of the invention are most apparent at the higher inductions, by which is meant conditions of operation of a core at inductions from about the knee of the magnetization curve up to saturation.
- high induction operation would be generally in the range of '14 to 19 kilogausses; while the knee of the curve for non-oriented silicon steel is at about 11 kilogausses.
- Magnetic ingot iron, low alloy steel, and non-oriented nickel-iron of the 48% nickel type have knees at about 6 kilogausses.
- Grain-oriented nickel-iron has a knee at about 14 kilogausses.
- the improvement in magnetic qualities obtained through the practice of the invention include an improvement in permeability and a reduction in core loss at high inductions as above defined. These phenomena were hitherto unknown.
- ferrous magnetic materials of the types herein taught are provided withvvery smooth surfaces. This may be done at any stage in their manufacture providing treatments at a subsequent stage do not produce or recreate a rough condition, as later explained. For. reasons which will also be given later the formation of the smooth surfaces-upon the ferrous magnetic sheet stock is ordinarily accomplished prior to the treatment which develops the ultimate magnetic characteristics in the products.
- Sensitivity of the magnetic properties to stressproduced changes in lattice or grain structure dictates to a considerable extent the stage at which the smoothing operation may be applied.
- the necessary surface smoothness can be attained in the laboratory for the extremely sensitive cube-on-edge oriented material even after development of the grain orientation.
- the amount of reduction required with the smooth surfaced rolls may be of the orderof the reductions taken in temper rolling or skin passing steps which form a part of some routings. Also it is generally somewhat less than the cold rolling made for critical straining procedures, sometimes employed for the purpose of growing large grains.
- the invention is applicable to and may be practiced upon, or in the course of the manufacture of, ferrous magnetic sheet stocks greater than about mils in thickness, and of the following classes or grades which are well recognized in the art:
- composition of the ferrous metal or alloy does not constitute a limitation on the invention, inasmuch as the benfits derived from the practices herein taught do not depend upon any specific composition.
- Non-oriented silicon steel is a non-oriented silicon steel
- Nickel-irons containing both lesser and greater amounts of nickel and other alloying elements are also improved by the practice of this invention.
- silicon-irons is generally applied to ferrous materials containing about /2% to about 5% silicon.
- the materials of the present invention may contain silicon up to the practical limit of workability, which for stocks hot rolled to substantially final gauge may be as high as 5%.
- Stocks intended for substantial reduction in gauge by cold rolling may contain silicon up to the practical limit of cold workability, which is currently in the neighborhood of 3.5%.
- the ferrous magnetic stocks of this invention may be unoriented (random), or the silicon-irons may have the cube-on-edge orientation or variations thereof in which the cube faces, while still lying at a significant angle to the plane of the surface of the sheet stock, depart more or less from a 45 angle to that surface, or cubic texture in the case of nickel-iron, which tends to assume that texture even Without secondary recrystallization.
- Orientations of the described char- 'acter for the designated materials, or the lack of any preferred orientation, do not affect the obtaining of the benefits of the invention as such.
- the magnetic benefits are affected in degree only by the gross factors mentioned above and by others. By and large, greater magnetic benefits will be attained in the case of oriented stocks than in the cases of non-oriented stocks because, inter alia, oriented stocks have higher general permeabilities.
- the thickness or gauge of the ferrous magnetic stocks is another factor, since it will be obvious that for a given degree of roughness, the volume of material affected by the smoothing operation will be greater as the number of laminations present in a given core thickness is increased.
- the obtaining of the benefits of this invention is likewise not dependent upon the routing by which the ferrous magnetic sheet stock is made, excepting for the attainment of the described surface condition in the ultimate product.
- the sheet stock may be hot rolled to substantially final gauge, or it may be hot rolled to an intermediate gauge and then cold rolled to final gauge in one or more stages, with or without intermediate annealing. Normally a ferrous magnetic sheet stock will be given a final heat treatment.
- the present invention is applicable to all of the procedures current in the art for making ferrous magnetic sheet stocks of the classes indicated, and the practice of the teachings of this application does not preclude the use of any of those steps hitherto known for improving the characteristics of such magnetic sheet stocks, including but without limitation the nature and temperature of the stages of hot rolling and coiling, the number and extent of cold rolling treatments, and the nature, atmospheres and temperatures of all heat treatments, whether for softening, decarburization, primary or secondary recrystallization, or for any other purpose.
- Examples I and II relates respectively to non-oriented iron stocks and to silicon-iron stocks having a high degree of cube-on-edge orientation.
- the fer- Sulfa Rollghnessi Difference in Micromches Magnetizmg Force rous magnetic material was substantially devoid of silicon Due to Surface (containing no more than about 0.1% thereof) and had 55 5 a carbon content not greater thanabout 0.005%.
- the samples were from the same heat and were treated idengggg g BT Space Factor, Percent tically including cold rolling to gauge with Pangborn rolls. A portion of the samples were then machined to 97A 994 produce a smooth surface.
- Profilometer measurements r showed roughness values of about 55 microinches for-the Type Surface Omteds Percent first mentioned group of samples, and values of about 5 microinches for the second group of samples.
- the samples Pangbom Ground were nominally mils in thickness.
- P10z60 signifies a test induction of 10 kilogausses at a test frequency of 60 cycles per second.
- the rough surfaced samples showed a core loss .065 watts per pound (9.4%) greater than the smooth surfaced samples.
- the rough surfaced samples showed a core loss .026 watts per pound (5.3%) higher than the smooth surfaced samples.
- the differences in the surface characteristics of the samples were measured by the profilometer.
- the rough samples showed a value of about 50 microinches while the smooth surfaced samples showed a value of about 5 microinches.
- a process of cold rolling ferrous magnetic sheet stock selected from the group consisting of magnetic ingot iron, low alloy steel, non-oriented silicon-iron, silicon-iron having a cube-on-edge type of orientation, nickel-iron magnetic alloys, and oriented aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 20% aluminum, to a final thickness of about 10 mils or greater, and a smoothness of no more than about 5 microinches, and then heat treating the stock to produce therein an improved core loss and permeability at high inductions from about the knee of the magnetization curve up to saturation.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US338572A US3347718A (en) | 1964-01-20 | 1964-01-20 | Method for improving the magnetic properties of ferrous sheets |
GB1360/65A GB1089892A (en) | 1964-01-20 | 1965-01-12 | Ferrous sheets and method for improving the magnetic properties of ferrous sheets |
BE658357D BE658357A (US06826419-20041130-M00005.png) | 1964-01-20 | 1965-01-15 | |
FR2300A FR1423180A (fr) | 1964-01-20 | 1965-01-18 | Tôles de fer magnétiques et leur procédé de fabrication |
DE1489620A DE1489620C3 (de) | 1964-01-20 | 1965-01-19 | Magnetisierbares Eisenblech und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
SE00668/65A SE325286B (US06826419-20041130-M00005.png) | 1964-01-20 | 1965-01-19 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US338572A US3347718A (en) | 1964-01-20 | 1964-01-20 | Method for improving the magnetic properties of ferrous sheets |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3347718A true US3347718A (en) | 1967-10-17 |
Family
ID=23325290
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US338572A Expired - Lifetime US3347718A (en) | 1964-01-20 | 1964-01-20 | Method for improving the magnetic properties of ferrous sheets |
Country Status (5)
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3415696A (en) * | 1965-08-16 | 1968-12-10 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp | Process of producing silicon steel laminations having a very large grain size after final anneal |
US3819426A (en) * | 1972-07-31 | 1974-06-25 | Nat Steel Corp | Process for producing non-silicon bearing electrical steel |
US3837933A (en) * | 1971-03-13 | 1974-09-24 | Foundation Res Inst Electric A | Heat treated magnetic material |
US3849212A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1974-11-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Primary recrystallized textured iron alloy member having an open gamma loop |
US3868278A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-02-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Doubly oriented cobalt iron alloys |
US3870574A (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1975-03-11 | Csepel Muevek Femmueve | Two stage heat treatment process for the production of unalloyed, cold-rolled electrical steel |
US3873381A (en) * | 1973-03-01 | 1975-03-25 | Armco Steel Corp | High permeability cube-on-edge oriented silicon steel and method of making it |
US3881967A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-05-06 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | High saturation cobalt-iron magnetic alloys and method of preparing same |
US3892605A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-07-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of producing primary recrystallized textured iron alloy member having an open gamma loop |
US3892604A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-07-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of producing normal grain growth (110) {8 001{9 {0 textured iron-cobalt alloys |
US3902930A (en) * | 1972-03-13 | 1975-09-02 | Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg | Method of manufacturing iron-silicon-aluminum alloy particularly suitable for magnetic head core |
US3923560A (en) * | 1971-04-23 | 1975-12-02 | United States Steel Corp | Low-carbon steel sheets temper-rolled after the final anneal to improve magnetic properties |
US3932236A (en) * | 1973-01-22 | 1976-01-13 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for producing a super low watt loss grain oriented electrical steel sheet |
US3935038A (en) * | 1971-10-28 | 1976-01-27 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for manufacturing non-oriented electrical steel sheet and strip having no ridging |
US3947296A (en) * | 1972-12-19 | 1976-03-30 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for producing steel sheet of cube-on-face texture having improved magnetic characteristics |
US3971678A (en) * | 1972-05-31 | 1976-07-27 | Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Aktiengesellschaft | Method of making cold-rolled sheet for electrical purposes |
US3988177A (en) * | 1973-11-05 | 1976-10-26 | Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft | Method of producing cold rolled, silicon-alloyed electric sheets |
US3990923A (en) * | 1974-04-25 | 1976-11-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method of producing grain oriented electromagnetic steel sheet |
US4000015A (en) * | 1975-05-15 | 1976-12-28 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Processing for cube-on-edge oriented silicon steel using hydrogen of controlled dew point |
EP0074715A1 (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-03-23 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Method for producing oriented silicon steel having improved magnetic properties |
CN110819879A (zh) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-21 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种磁性能优良的无取向硅钢及其制造方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1619399A (en) * | 1921-02-14 | 1927-03-01 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Production of thin steel |
US3090711A (en) * | 1959-07-06 | 1963-05-21 | Armco Steel Corp | Procedure for secondary recrystallization |
-
1964
- 1964-01-20 US US338572A patent/US3347718A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1965
- 1965-01-12 GB GB1360/65A patent/GB1089892A/en not_active Expired
- 1965-01-15 BE BE658357D patent/BE658357A/xx unknown
- 1965-01-19 DE DE1489620A patent/DE1489620C3/de not_active Expired
- 1965-01-19 SE SE00668/65A patent/SE325286B/xx unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1619399A (en) * | 1921-02-14 | 1927-03-01 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Production of thin steel |
US3090711A (en) * | 1959-07-06 | 1963-05-21 | Armco Steel Corp | Procedure for secondary recrystallization |
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3415696A (en) * | 1965-08-16 | 1968-12-10 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp | Process of producing silicon steel laminations having a very large grain size after final anneal |
US3837933A (en) * | 1971-03-13 | 1974-09-24 | Foundation Res Inst Electric A | Heat treated magnetic material |
US3923560A (en) * | 1971-04-23 | 1975-12-02 | United States Steel Corp | Low-carbon steel sheets temper-rolled after the final anneal to improve magnetic properties |
US3870574A (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1975-03-11 | Csepel Muevek Femmueve | Two stage heat treatment process for the production of unalloyed, cold-rolled electrical steel |
US3935038A (en) * | 1971-10-28 | 1976-01-27 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for manufacturing non-oriented electrical steel sheet and strip having no ridging |
US3849212A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1974-11-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Primary recrystallized textured iron alloy member having an open gamma loop |
US3868278A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-02-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Doubly oriented cobalt iron alloys |
US3881967A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-05-06 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | High saturation cobalt-iron magnetic alloys and method of preparing same |
US3892605A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-07-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of producing primary recrystallized textured iron alloy member having an open gamma loop |
US3892604A (en) * | 1972-02-22 | 1975-07-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of producing normal grain growth (110) {8 001{9 {0 textured iron-cobalt alloys |
US3902930A (en) * | 1972-03-13 | 1975-09-02 | Nippon Musical Instruments Mfg | Method of manufacturing iron-silicon-aluminum alloy particularly suitable for magnetic head core |
US3971678A (en) * | 1972-05-31 | 1976-07-27 | Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Aktiengesellschaft | Method of making cold-rolled sheet for electrical purposes |
US3819426A (en) * | 1972-07-31 | 1974-06-25 | Nat Steel Corp | Process for producing non-silicon bearing electrical steel |
US3947296A (en) * | 1972-12-19 | 1976-03-30 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for producing steel sheet of cube-on-face texture having improved magnetic characteristics |
US3932236A (en) * | 1973-01-22 | 1976-01-13 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for producing a super low watt loss grain oriented electrical steel sheet |
US3873381A (en) * | 1973-03-01 | 1975-03-25 | Armco Steel Corp | High permeability cube-on-edge oriented silicon steel and method of making it |
US3988177A (en) * | 1973-11-05 | 1976-10-26 | Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft | Method of producing cold rolled, silicon-alloyed electric sheets |
US3990923A (en) * | 1974-04-25 | 1976-11-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method of producing grain oriented electromagnetic steel sheet |
US4000015A (en) * | 1975-05-15 | 1976-12-28 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Processing for cube-on-edge oriented silicon steel using hydrogen of controlled dew point |
EP0074715A1 (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-03-23 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation | Method for producing oriented silicon steel having improved magnetic properties |
CN110819879A (zh) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-21 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种磁性能优良的无取向硅钢及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1489620A1 (de) | 1969-05-14 |
GB1089892A (en) | 1967-11-08 |
DE1489620C3 (de) | 1973-11-15 |
SE325286B (US06826419-20041130-M00005.png) | 1970-06-29 |
DE1489620B2 (de) | 1973-04-19 |
BE658357A (US06826419-20041130-M00005.png) | 1965-04-30 |
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