US3344386A - Contact connection for wire-shaped heating elements - Google Patents

Contact connection for wire-shaped heating elements Download PDF

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Publication number
US3344386A
US3344386A US435533A US43553365A US3344386A US 3344386 A US3344386 A US 3344386A US 435533 A US435533 A US 435533A US 43553365 A US43553365 A US 43553365A US 3344386 A US3344386 A US 3344386A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
sleeve
conductors
connecting pins
contact connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US435533A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gargasson Georges Claude Le
Cadiou Marcel Joseph
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3344386A publication Critical patent/US3344386A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a contact connection between a wire-shaped heating element comprising one or more electrical conductors electrically insulated 'by a powdered metal oxide and enclosed in a metallic envelope, and a plurality of associated connecting pins which are thick relative to the conductors, the ends of the conductors stripped of their insulation and envelope being soldered to the connecting pins and the envelope and the pins being surrounded by an electrically insulating mass through part of their length.
  • a connection is known.
  • the known contact connection uses glass as the insulating mass, thus preventing ambient moisture from penetrating the powdered oxide between the envelope and the electrical conductor since absorption of moisture by the oxide would cause a considerable decrease in breakdown voltage between the conductor and the envelope.
  • connection is not very resistant to mechanical oscillations or shocks. Further this connection is usable only up to an operating temperature which is lower than the comparatively low softening point of the glass employed.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a gasand water-tight contact connection which is very strong, which permits a high current strength and which is suitable to withstand high operating temperatures of many hundreds of degrees centigrade.
  • the contact connection according to the invention is characterized in that the electrically insulating mass is in the form of a sleeve soldered at its peripheral edges to the envelope and the pins in a gas-tight manner, the sleeve being of a ceramic material such as, for example, aluminum oxide over at least that portion which surrounds the area where the conductors emerge from their envelope.
  • a ceramic material such as, for example, aluminum oxide over at least that portion which surrounds the area where the conductors emerge from their envelope.
  • sintered ceramic material is used as the electrical insulating material.
  • the sintered ceramic material is permeable to light. This affords the attractive possibility for inspecting the connection visually during operation. It is then possible to ascertain whether the temperature of the conductors emerging from the envelope of the element becomes excessive. If the temperature becomes unduly high at this area and if the conductors commence to show, for example, red incandescence, this can be observed because of the transparency of the ceramic material. In this case steps may be taken to reduce the temperature, for example, by external cooling with air or water.
  • the sleeve of ceramic material must be soldered at "ice its peripheral edges to the metal envelope of the element and the connecting pins in a gas-tight manner.
  • the sleeve of ceramic material could be locally metallized to permit working with copper-silver solder. Such metallizing is an expensive operation.
  • the sleeve is not made wholly of ceramic material but comprises two portions, that is to say a metallic first portion soldered to the envelope and a ceramic second portion soldered to both the connecting pins and the first portion.
  • the first portion it sulfices to use, for example, a copper-silver soldered connection, the titanium-solder being used, as before, for the two operations of soldering to the second portion.
  • FIGURE 1 shows in cross-section one'embodiment of a contact connection between a coaxial heating cable and a connecting pin, which is in the form of a plug socket;
  • FIGURE 2 shows in cross-section another example of a contact connection between a heating cable having two current conductors and two connecting pins.
  • the wire-shaped heating element of FIGURE 1 comprises a metallic envelope 1 and a central electrical conductor 2 which is insulated from the envelope 1 by a powdered metal oxide 3.
  • the conductor 2 is stripped of insulation at its end 4 and extends into a bore formed in a terminal portion 15 of a connecting pin 7 having the form of a plug socket.
  • the envelope '1 and the terminal portion 15 are surrounded by a sleeve 6 of a sintered ceramic material having a density such as to be light-transmitting.
  • the numeral 5 indicates a metal sleeve. All the connections in this example are soldered.
  • a ring 8 likewise of ceramic material is oriented within the envelope 1 over part of its length.
  • FIGURE 1 The connection of FIGURE 1, in which the parts to be joined have been previously degreased carefully with the aid of a suitable liquid, was made as follows:
  • a ring of soldering material an eutectic of copper and silver, was placed on the envelope 1 at the area indicated by 11. (The position after soldering is shown.) Then the sleeve '5, which has a coefficient of expansion approximately equal to that of the sleeve 6, was slipped over the envelope '1.
  • the sleeve 5 is made of an ironnickel compound containing 42% of nickel and the sleeve 6 is of sintered aluminum oxide.
  • a ring consisting of solder of a titanium-containing eutectic of copper and silver was then placed in position at 12.
  • the sleeve 6 and a ring of solder were arranged at 13, the envelope 1 being displaced so as to project slightly from the sleeve '6.
  • the ring 8 of sintered aluminum oxide and a ring of a solder having a very high melting point were fitted at 14, the rings s and 14 contacting each other.
  • This ring 14 is of an alloy consisting of 85% of silver and of manganese and having a melting temper-' ature of 950 C.
  • the connecting pin 7, which is of iron nickel (42% of nickel) was then slid with its terminal portion 15 into the sleeve 6, causing the envelope 1 to be pushed back into the sleeves 5 and 6.
  • the terminal portion 15 has a diameter such that, on the one hand, the heat within the conductor portion 4 deprived of insulation and surrounded by the ceramic sleeve 6 can be dissipated and, on the other hand, the heat produced in the terminal portion 15 due to the passage of current is negligible.
  • the whole was then introduced into an oven in which an atmosphere of hydrogen was maintained. Any trace of oxygen and water vapor was avoided.
  • the temperature of the oven was approximately 1,000 C. After heating the connection for a period which depends on the diameter of the heating element and the dimensions of the contact connection, the connection was cooled while retaining the atmosphere of hydrogen in the oven.
  • the heating element comprises two electrical conductors which are secured at their ends 3'6, 3'7 stripped of their insulation in bores of nickel coupling pieces 25 and 27 in the manner shown.
  • the two coupling pieces are insulated electrically from each other by a ceramic plate 32 and have further bores to receive iron-nickel connecting pins 26 and 28. Further more ceramic rings 24 and 31 are provided.
  • the two connecting pins 26 and 28 are maintained in position by a sleeve 29 of sintered ceramic material.
  • a sleeve 23 consisting of a nickel-iron compound with 42% of nickel was slipped over an envelope 33 of the heating element, a ring of soldering material (an eutectic copper-silver compound) being arranged at 38. By means of this ring the sleeve 23 could be soldered to the envelope 33 of the heating element throughout its length. Then a ring 31 consisting of sintered aluminum oxide and having two apertures was slipped over the ends 36 and 37 of the heating wires whereupon a ring 24 was brought around the heating 'wire and the two coupling pieces 25 and 27 were slipped over the ends 36 and 37 in the manner shown. A plate 32 of sintered aluminum oxide was arranged between the coupling pieces 25 and 27 to avoid any contact between them. Next, rings of a silver-manganese solder were arranged at 40 and 41.
  • the assembly thus obtained was introduced into an oven in which an atmosphere of hydrogen at 1000 C. was maintained similarly as in the previous example.
  • the assembly was removed from the oven and the sleeve 29 of sintered aluminum oxide was slipped over the rod-shaped part 26 and 28, whereafter rings of a titanium-containing eutectic copper-silver solder were arranged at 43, 44 and 45. Then another soldering operation was carried out in the oven and the sleeve 29 attached.
  • a connector for a heating element having at least two conductors surrounded by a common metal envelope, said conductors being insulated from. one another and from the envelope, the ends of said conductors being stripped of insulation, a ceramic member having parallel bores through which connecting pins for each of said conductors extend, metallic coupling members surrounding and secured to each of said connecting pins, each of said coupling members having a bore through which the end of the conductor extends and is secured thereto, a metal sleeve surrounding and hermetically sealed at its peripheral edges to a portion of the metal envelope, said ceramic member surrounding a portion of said conductors intermediate each of said coupling members and the metal sleeve and being hermetically secured at its peripheral edges to said metal sleeve and said connecting pins.
  • a connector as claimed in claim 3 in which the ceramic member is sealed to the metal sleeve with a titanium containing eutectic of silver and copper.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Chain Conveyers (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
US435533A 1964-02-27 1965-02-26 Contact connection for wire-shaped heating elements Expired - Lifetime US3344386A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR965285A FR1394979A (fr) 1964-02-27 1964-02-27 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de raccordement d'éléments chauffants de type coaxial et leur procédé de fabrication

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3344386A true US3344386A (en) 1967-09-26

Family

ID=8824140

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US435533A Expired - Lifetime US3344386A (en) 1964-02-27 1965-02-26 Contact connection for wire-shaped heating elements

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3344386A (ko)
AT (1) AT263965B (ko)
BE (1) BE660245A (ko)
CH (1) CH444250A (ko)
DE (1) DE1540976C3 (ko)
DK (1) DK112542B (ko)
FR (1) FR1394979A (ko)
GB (1) GB1081908A (ko)
NL (1) NL6502225A (ko)
NO (1) NO119643B (ko)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO99812A (ko) *
US1901667A (en) * 1930-12-06 1933-03-14 Delta Star Electric Co Cable terminator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO99812A (ko) *
US1901667A (en) * 1930-12-06 1933-03-14 Delta Star Electric Co Cable terminator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1081908A (en) 1967-09-06
DE1540976B2 (de) 1974-03-14
NL6502225A (ko) 1965-08-30
DE1540976C3 (de) 1975-10-09
DE1540976A1 (de) 1970-01-15
NO119643B (ko) 1970-06-15
AT263965B (de) 1968-08-12
FR1394979A (fr) 1965-04-09
CH444250A (de) 1967-09-30
BE660245A (ko) 1965-08-25
DK112542B (da) 1968-12-23

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