Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
  • D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
  • D06M13/292—Mono-, di- or triesters of phosphoric or phosphorous acids; Salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M7/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made of other substances with subsequent freeing of the treated goods from the treating medium, e.g. swelling, e.g. polyolefins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/02—Water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
  • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/46—Textile oils
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions

Definitions

• each fibre has characteristic frictional and electrical properties. It is common practice to apply a processing agent suited to a particular fibre during its manufacture, in order to reduce the friction between the fibre and the parts of textile machines With which it comes into contact, and to minimise the build up of static electricity. It is obviously advantageous if a particular processing agent may be employed for the lubrication of a variety of types of artificial fibres.
• the invention provides a processing agent which may advantageously be used on a variety of fibres. Furthermore, processing agents according to the invention may have outstanding anti-static properties compared with conventional processing agents.
• a textile processing agent incorporates a potassium'alkyl phosphate.
• the alkyl radical has, on average, from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the potassium alkyl phosphate is dispersed in an inert, neutral, non-volatile, organic liquid, for example, a mineral oil or an ester, and the processing agent is preferably rendered homogeneous with a blending agent.
• processing agent used throughout this specification means compositions which are applied to fibres for the purpose of improving the ease with which they may be processed. Normally the compositions are liquidsand are preferably so when filamentary materials are treated.
• compositions may also be solids, for example, waxes which are commonly applied to staple fibres where slower speeds are employed.
• the processing agents may be aqueous or non-aqueous.
• the non-aqueous form is preferred as this type of processing agent may combine I lubricating properties with anti-static properties.
• the nonaqueous processing agents may be applied as emulsions in water or in undiluted form.
• the processing agents may contain both water and a non-aqueous liquid or liquids and be rendered homogeneous by suitable compounds.
• the potassium alkyl phosphate should, as stated above, preferably contain, on average, from 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical although certain amounts of alkyl radicals outside this range may be present.
• the preferred range of from 6 to 10 carbon atoms is determined by the properties desired in the product. With less than six carbon atoms in the alkyl radical the molecules are believed to migrate into the fibres and so decrease the effeclriveness of the processing agent, the lubricity is also decreased. With over ten carbon atoms the antistatic properties deteriorate and the compatibility with aqueous components of the processing agents decreases although lubricity is improved. For applications where one particular property is required in the process ing agent at the expense of other properties, potassium alkyl phosphates outside the preferred range may be quite suitable.
• the phosphates may be prepared from mixtures of alcohols or from substantially pure alcohols.
• mixtures of alcohols are preferred, such, for example, as a mixture of aliphatic alcohols containing predominantly from 7 to 9 carbon atoms per molecule; a suitable product is sold by Imperial Chemical Industries Limited under the trade name of Alphanol 79. If a substantially pure alcohol is used, we have found that 2 ethyl hexanol, octanol and nonanol are satisfactory.
• the preparation of the potassium alkyl phosphate may be performed, in preference, by reacting phosphorus pentoxide with the chosen alcohol or blend of alcohols in a solvent medium.
• the solvent may be a component of the processing agent to be made. This, of course, avoids a purification step by removal of the solvent.
• the primary reaction between the phosphorus pentoxide and the alcohol should be performed with excess of the former to avoid the presence of any low molecular weight alcohol after reaction, subsequently the excess phosphorus pentoxide should be reacted with a higher alcohol (or some other fatty derivative containing a hydroxyl group, such as a glycerol fatty acid monoester or a glycol fatty ether or ester), an excess of which can be tolerated and may be desirable.
• the product is an alkyl phosphate ester which may be neutralised with a solution of potassium hydroxide. It is desirable that the potassium hydroxide solution used should be highly concentrated, having a concentration of at least 40 percent by weight.
• a dilute potassium hydroxide solution may be used to neutralise the alkyl phosphate ester.
• the potassium hydroxide may be added in solid form. It will be appreciated that the reaction between phosphorus pentoxide and an alcohol or alcohols leads to the production of a mixture containing, largely, monoand dialkyl acid phosphates.
• phosphate as used in this specification includes both monoand dialkyl phosphates and mixtures of these compounds.
• the potassium alkyl phosphate will normally be used dispersed in an inert, substantially neutral, non-volatile, organic liquid (hereinafter referred to as organic liquid) with the product rendered homogeneous with a blending agent.
• organic liquid an inert, substantially neutral, non-volatile, organic liquid
• inert as applied to the organic liquid it is meant that the liquid should not react to an appreciable extent with the potassium alkyl phosphate.
• the term should not, however, be construed as necessarily extending to other ingredients of the processing agent which may be added to the organic liquid during preparation of the product.
• non-volatile we mean that the liquid should have a loW vapour pressure at ambient temperatures and should not boil at a temperature below about C., preferably the liquid boils at a much higher temperature.
• the organic liquid usefully increases the anti frictional properties of the processing agent.
• the organic liquid may comprise a mixture of compounds, for example, a mineral oil or a single substance, such as a monoester, for example, butyl stearate, which should preferably contain more than 12 carbon atoms per molecule.
• the oil may be a mixture of a mineral oil with a monoester.
• lubricity additives such as dioleyl citrate, pentaerythritol di-, tri-, or tetra-oleate, oxidised arachis oil, vegetable oils, for example palm kernel oil, and naturally occurring or syn- 3 thetic glycerides.
• lubricity additives such as dioleyl citrate, pentaerythritol di-, tri-, or tetra-oleate, oxidised arachis oil, vegetable oils, for example palm kernel oil, and naturally occurring or syn- 3 thetic glycerides.
• the best lubricity additives are those which are capable of associating with metals.
• the processing agents containing liquids may be rendered homogeneous by the addition of a blending agent. Obviously this should preferably be done without requiring the use of excessive amounts (such as ,over 90 percent by weight in the lubricant) of the blending agent.
• the potassium alkyl phosphate is an antistatic agent, an agent which increases the conductivity of the processing agent and fibres to which it is applied, and the blending agent is present to enable the phosphate to form a homogeneous dispersion within the organic liquid so that the processing agent may be readily and uniformly applicable to textile fibres.
• the best blended processing agents have many desirable properties of which the following are important; they should reduce friction, they should impart a high electrical conductivity to fibres, and they should :be easily removable from textile materials. Processing agents are, of course, normally removed from the fibrous materials to which they are applied before thematerials are sold. Removal can conveniently be by scouring. Other desirable properties are that they should be colourless, non toxic,
• Such blending agents may be prepared by reacting an alcohol, having an average of between 6 and 18 carbon atoms per molecule of alcohol, with phosphorus pentoxide and reacting the phosphates produced with at least one mole, per acid group of the phosphates, of an alkylene oxide containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Alternative blending agents are polyethylene glycol derivatives of alcohols which have between 8 and 18 carbon atoms per molecule of alcohol. These may be made by reaction between ethylene oxide and an alcohol or mixture of alcohols in the proportion of from 2 to moles of ethylene oxide to 1 mole of the alcohols.
• the alcohols should preferably have straight chain molecules and be liquids; they may be saturated or unsaturated.
• the product, that is the polyethylene glycol derivative of the alcohol is preferably water soluble as blending agents which are water soluble or nearly so act as emulsifiers.
• Suitable blending agents of this type are prepared by reacting oleyl alcohol with 5 moles of ethylene oxide, or lauryl alcohol with 2 moles of ethylene oxide, or alcohols of intermediate chain length with intermediate amounts of ethylene oxide. These ratio of alcohol to ethylene oxide give the preferred balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties.
• the relative proportions of the ingredients of the textile processing agents may be varied widely.
• processing agents having the potassium alkyl phosphate dispersed in an organic liquid with the addition of a blending agent we prefer that in parts by weight of the formulated processing agent there should be between 5 and 25 parts of the potassium alkyl phosphate, between 5 and 25 parts of the blending agent and between 50 and 90 parts of organic liquid.
• the amount of the organic liquid used is particularly open to variation and there may be less than 50 parts of the liquid used although this is undesirable for economic reasons.
• the relative proportions of the ingredients will also vary, of course, with the properties of the specific ingredients in any particular mixture. Normally, however, it is expected that the same order of weights of potassium alkyl phosphate and blending agent will be employed in a particular processing agent blend.
• the potassium alkyl phosphates which contribute most to increasing the electrical conductivity.
• Alkyl phenols for example, octyl phenols, may usefully be incorporated in the processing agent.
• the viscosity of the processing agents which are liquid having lubricating properties may advantageu-osly be between 70 and 300 Redwood seconds (1 mm. capillary diameter).
• Processing agents according to the invention are illustrated by the following examples, in which parts and percentages are by weight:
• the alkyl phosphate prepared as above were mixed with 15 parts of coconut fatty alcohols di-propylene glycol phosphate (the blending agent) in 10 parts of white mineral oil of 65 seconds Redwood viscosity at 20 C, 5.6 parts of a 50 percent w./w. aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and 40 parts of n-butyl stearate.
• the blending agent was prepared as described in the specification of our said copending United States patent application number 399,399 by reacting 11 parts of phosphorus pentoxide and 52 parts of coconut fatty alcohols together in 56 parts of the mineral oil and then reacting 90 parts of the product with 16 parts of propylene oxide, the excess of which was removed by evaporation under nitrogen.
• the processing agent had a viscosity of 121 Redwood seconds.
• the yarn used (40 denier, 10 filaments, 0.3 t.p.i.) had a yarn/metal coefficient of friction of 0.5-0.75 on a Bucket and Pollit testing machine when 1 percent w./w. of the processing agent was applied to the yarn-When the above yarn was heated to C. for 5 minutes there was only very slight discolouration.
• EXAMPLE 2 An alkyl phosphate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 with the exception that Empilan KB2 replaced the oleyl alcohol.
• Empilan KB2 is the trade name of a product consisting largely of lauryl alcohol reacted with 2 moles of ethylene oxide and is sold by Marchan Products Ltd.
• the processing agent was blended as follows:
• Blending agent oleyl di-propylene glycol phosphate
• White oil 10 Potassium hydroxide (50 percent aqueous solution)
• Butyl stearate 40 The blending agent was prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 1 by reacting 45 parts of commercial grade oleyl alcohol with 7 parts of phosphorus pentoxide in 43 parts of mineral oil and then reacting the phosphate produced with 15 parts of propylene oxide, the excess of which was removed by evaporation under nitrogen.
• the processing agent was found to have good selfemulsifying properties and was similar in friction-reducing and antistatic properties to the processing agent prepared as in Example 1.
• the processing agent had excellent properties and was used successfully when spinning a variety of fibres.
• EXAMPLE 4 30 parts of the alkyl phosphate ester prepared as described in Example 1 were mixed with 15 parts of an ethoxylated cetyl alcohol (made by reacting about 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of alcohols, predominantly cetyl alcohol) about 5.5 parts of a 50 percent aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (the pH of the product being adjusted to between 7.5 and 8.5), 15 parts of palm kernel oil and 35 parts of butyl stearate.
• an ethoxylated cetyl alcohol made by reacting about 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of alcohols, predominantly cetyl alcohol
• a 50 percent aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide the pH of the product being adjusted to between 7.5 and 8.5
• palm kernel oil 35 parts of butyl stearate.
• the blended processing agent had a viscosity of 152 Redwood seconds. It possessed good emulsification and lubrication properties and gave a conductivity of about 1000 10 mhos/cm./ 1000 denier on application to nylon 6 yarn as a 15 percent aqueous emulsion.
• a homogeneous textile processing agent comprising from 5 to 25 percent by weight of a potassium alkyl phosphate in which the alkylradical has, on the average, from 6 to 10 carbon atoms per molecule; from 50 to percent by weight of an organic liquid selected from the group consisting of a mineral oil, a liquid monoester of an alkanol and a fatty acid containing at least 12 atoms per molecule, a vegetable oil and mixtures of at least two thereof; and from 5 to 25 percent by weight of a blending agent selected from the group consisting of (1) a substantially equimolecular mixture of compounds having the formulae:
• ( (R0)g-P O O--(R-O)..H wherein the groups R are hydrocarbon radicals having, on the average, from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, the groups R are and n is an integer of at least 1; (2), a polyethylene glycol derivative of reaction between an alcohol having, on the average, from 8 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule and from 2 to 5 moles, per mol of alcohol, of ethylene oxide, and mixtures of (1) and (2).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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Cited By (13)

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Citations (6)

• 1964
  • 1964-03-06 GB GB9493/64A patent/GB1101360A/en not_active Expired
• 1965
  • 1965-03-01 US US436264A patent/US3341451A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1965-03-04 SE SE2825/65A patent/SE316447B/xx unknown
  • 1965-03-06 FR FR8229A patent/FR1436657A/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (6)

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