US3926816A

US3926816A - Textile fiber lubricants

Info

Publication number: US3926816A
Application number: US381762A
Authority: US
Inventors: Norman R Cohen; Demosthenes S Syrmopoulos
Original assignee: GOULSTON CO GEORGE A
Current assignee: GEORGE A GOULSTON Co Inc A DE CORP; GOULSTON CO GEORGE A
Priority date: 1970-05-22
Filing date: 1973-07-23
Publication date: 1975-12-16
Anticipated expiration: 1992-12-16

Abstract

Self-emulsifiable, textile-fiber, lubricant bases and lubricant compositions are disclosed. The lubricant bases contain the following: (A) 2-20% sodium or potassium alkyl phosphate ester; (B) 15-50% alkyl ester of a fatty acid; (C) 25-45% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether; and, (D) 5-25% polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether. These lubricant bases are used by mixing them with inert carrier liquids such as mineral oil and then applying the combination to textile fibers prior to or during various processing operations.

Description

United States Patent [191 Cohen et a1.

[ Dec. 16, 1975 1 1 TEXTILE FIBER LUBRICANTS [75] Inventors: Norman R. Cohen, Charlotte, NC;

Demosthenes S. Syrmopoulos, Cohasset, Mass.

[22] Filed: July 23, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 381,762

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 39,852, May 22,

1970, abandoned.

[52] US. Cl. 252/8.9; 252/86 [51] Int. Cl. D06M 13/32; ClOM 1/46 [58] Field of Search 252/89, 8.6;

117/l39.5 CQ

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,842,462 7/1958 Haas et a1. 1l7/l39.5

2,865,855 12/1958 Chandler 252/89 3,306,850 2/1967 Olsen 252/8] 3,341,451 12/1967 Dziuba et a1 252/86 Primary Examiner-Herbert B. Guynn Attorney, Agent, or FirmDavid E. Brook [57] ABSTRACT Self-emulsifiable, textile-fiber, lubricant bases and lubricant compositions are disclosed. The lubricant bases contain the following: (A) 220% sodium or potassium alkyl phosphate ester; (B) 15-50% alkyl ester of a fatty acid; (C) 2545% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether; and, (D) 5-25% polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether. These lubricant bases are used by mixing them with inert carrier liquids such as mineral oil and then applying the combination to textile fibers prior to or during various processing operations.

10 Claims, No Drawings TEXTILE FIBER LUBRICANTS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 39.852, filed May 22. 1970, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to textile processing and more particularly to new and improved lubricants for application to textile fibers.

2. Description of the Prior Art Fiber lubricants are applied to textile fibers, filaments, yarns and the like to reduce the tendency toward breakage of the individual filaments when they are subjected to various mechanical strains, and to lubricate the individual filaments in order to facilitate handling in such processing operations as spinning. twisting, winding, reeling, drafting, weaving, carding, combing, knitting, throwing, etc.

The patent literature is replete with fiber lubricating compositions intended to accomplish these purposes. A small but representative sampling includes: phosphated blown oils (Dickey et al., US. Pat. No. 2,345,734); blends of esters of phosphoric acid, diethanolamineethyl esters of lauric acid, diethyl-cyclohexylamine diamyl phenol and mineral oil (Duke et al., US. Pat. No. 2,575,382); mixed alkyl phosphate esters, mineral oil, tertiary amine, diamyl phenol and esters of coconut oil fatty acid (Fortess et al., U.S. Pat. No. 2,676,924); mineral oil, alkyl phenol, esters of castor oil, peanut oil, fatty acids, amines and alkyl phosphates (Duke et al., US. Pat. No. 2,727,860); an emulsion with a continuous phase of water in a dispersed phase of an oilorganophilic bentonite mixture (Barnard et al., US. Pat. No. 2,805,993); blends of a blown oil, mineral oil, condensation product of alkyl phenol, ethylene oxide, and fatty acids (Leupold et al., US. Pat. No. 2,824,832); compositions containing mineral oil, oilsoluble sodium petroleum sulfonates, partial esters of glycerol. esters of amyl alcohol and a fatty acid and amyl alcohols (Schiermeier, US. Pat. No. 2,913,407); lubricant compositions formed from mineral oil, nonaromatic alcohols and 2-alkyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline salts of lauryl or oleyl phosphoric acid partial esters (Thompson et al., US. Pat. No. 2,976,186); polyoxyethylene glycol with an average molecular weight of 400-800, polyoxyethylene glycol monolaurate wherein the polyoxyethylene groups have a molecular weight of about 200, N,N-di(beta-hydroxyethyl)lauramide, and stearamidopropyl dimethyl-beta-hydroxyethyl ammonium nitrate (White et al., US. Pat. No. 3,161,594); mixtures of aromatized linoleic acid, oleic acid and not more than 5% polyunsaturated tall fatty acids (Kubitz, US. Pat. No. 3,223,623); mixtures of potassium alkyl phosphate, organic liquids, and phosphate ester blending agents (Dziuba et al., US. Pat. No. 3,341.145); aqueous emulsions consisting of water and having dispersed therein a dimethylpolysiloxane fluid, a deliquescent salt. and a polyhydric solubilizing agent (Campbell, US. Pat. No. 3,423,314): and, compositions including isocetyl stearate. sodium di-2-ethyl hexyl sulfosuccinate and a non-ionic emulsifying agent (Sylvester, US. Pat. No. 3.428.560).

Although a large variety of fiber lubricants are known. there is still a great need for new fiber lubri- 2 cants which have relatively simple compositions and which result in a good balance of desirable fiber lubricant properties. Some of the desirable properties for fiber lubricants are as follows:

1. Lubricity: a lubricant is needed which reduces the coefficient of friction between fiber-to-metal surfaces in order to prevent fiber abrasion and maintain low, uniform tension during processing;

2. Anti-Static Control: a lubricant must have an antistatic property in order to dissipate static electric charges built up during processing;

3. Cohesion: a balanced degree of cohesion is essential since too much lubricity can cause fiber slippage resulting in package distortion in winding and other operations;

4. Oxidation Resistance: after lubricants are applied. the fibers are often stored for prolonged periods of time; therefore, lubricants must be resistant to discoloration, bacterial growth, and formation of insoluble resinous compounds in the presence of oxygen;

5. Scour-ability: since poor scourability can cause dyeing problems and potential soiling spots, lubricants must come off the yarn under mild scouring conditions and for this reason it is desirable to have a self-emulsifiable type of lubricant:

6. Controlled Viscosity Range: too low a viscosity causes difficulties in slinging and low yarn frictional values while too high a viscosity causes excessive add-on coupled with high frictional values;

7. Non-Allergenic and Non-Toxic: a lubricant must not cause any dermatological reaction since mill workers. especially at the throvvster level, are constantly exposed to the neat oil, as well as finished cones of textured yarn;

8. Odor-Resistance1 since yarn is often stored for relatively long periodsgodor formation is undesirable and often intolerable;

9. Product-Stability: since mills store lubricants for long periods before use. product separation is extremely dangerous since it can go unnoticed until several thousand pounds of yarn have been treated:

10. Corrosion Resistance: the yarn comes into contact with many metal surfaces during processing, and rusting tendencies would be detrimental to expensive machine parts; also, yarn pickup of rust deposits would cause dyeing problems; and.

l l. NonVolatile: product volatilization causes a percentage loss of lubricant on the yarn which results in serious knitting problems.

Even beyond the above-recited demanding properties required of fiber lubricants, it is particularly advantageous to also have lubricants which are initially water-white and which do not yellow during processing or storage ofyarns. This is because heat-setting operations are often employed to stabilize yarns and/or fabrics and lubricants must not be subject to discoloration at temperatures up to 350F. or higherv Most fibers will eventually be dyed. and any color imparted to the fibers from lubricants impairs their subsequent dyeability. Additionally, yellowing of the lubricant indicates a breakdown (e.g,, oxidation) of some of the lubricant components which inevitably leads to problems in scouring or dyeing. as well as presenting aesthetic problems.

Furthermore, a major use for textile lubricant bases, particularly those described herein, is in textile fiber coning oils. Coning oils are lubricants specially formulated to be applied for texturization by the throwster to impart many desirable features for both the throwster and the knitter. Typically. coning oils comprise blends of a base lubricant with major proportions of an inert carrier liquid, most often mineral oil. A typical coning oil, for example. might comprise three parts of mineral oil to one part of lubricant base.

These coning oils must form good aqueous emulsions. The oils must be readily emulsifiable and the emulsions formed must be even, continuous and stable under a wide range of pH conditions (e.g., 3-1 1 Preferably, the oil phase droplets are in the micron size range.

One reason for this requirement is that the coning oil must be easy to remove from the fibers before the dyeing step, particularly with pasetel colors. Scouring can be achieved by applying aqueous scouring solutions to fibers coated with the coning oil. Additionally, coning oils are sometimes applied to fibers from water emulsions; therefore, wettability of both the emulsion roll and fiber are critical since preferential absorption of individual components of a coning oil can have very adverse affects and almost always results in a loss of the full benefit achieved if all components are applied evenly. The emulsifiability and wettability of the coning oil is also important in avoiding a non-uniform or discontinuous emulsion film resulting in variable pick-up on the fiber. Such uneven application can result in variable 'texturing tensions, erratic winding, and can cause other adverse effects during dyeing or other textile processing steps.

Insufficient emulsion stability appears in two forms: l) a creaming out," wherein larger particles float to the surface; and, (2) an oiling out wherein oil droplets appear on the surface of the emulsion. Either form of emulsion instability can result in non-uniform application from both a percentage and finish component viewpoint, if the lubricant is applied in emulsion form.

An additional concomitant disadvantage of improper 'emulsification of a coning oil is that it can result in a precipitation effect which causes problems in knitting and/or dyeing of the fibers.

Emulsion stability is also important for coning oils if they are used in the package dyeing cycle of yarns. Coning'oils can be added, for example, to the last rinse of a package dyeing cycle to provide extra lubricity which'facilitates rewinding of the dye package. This addition preventsthe yarn from sticking and plucking during rewinding, thereby building a better finished package which has more uniform tension and density.

Coning oil emulsifiability is also extremely important in the case of fabric dyeing. In this case, the oil is applied to undyed textured yarn which is knitted into fabrics. The fabrics aresubsequently scoured and dyed, sometimes in the same bath. If the coning oil emulsion is not stable, oil tends to float to the top of the bath resulting in spotting of the fabric or interference with dyeing. Since local water conditions vary, the emulsion inust be stable over a wide range of pH conditions.

Although major amounts of mineral oil are usually used in coning oils, the larger the amount the more difficult emulsifiability becomes. This is especially true on some synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers". It is very difficult, therefore, to obtain a coning oil having high amounts of mineral oil which also exhibitsthe proper balance of lubricating properties, including outstanding water emulsifiability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a broad embodimentsthe invention comprises a novel textile-fiber lubricant base having at least four ingredients present in very selected concentrations. These ingredients are: (A) about 2-20% of sodium or potassium alkyl phosphate ester; (B) about 15-50% alkyl ester ofa fatty acid; (C) about 25-45% of a polyoxyethylene lauryl ether; and (D) about 5-257: polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether. Of course, small amounts of other ingredients such as clarifying agents and/ or surfactants can also be included in the lubricant base.

These lubricant bases can be used as fiber lubricants themselves, but are preferably combined with an inert carrier liquid prior to application to fibers. Carriers for these lubricants can be aqueous or non-aqueous, and usually comprise about 50-95% of the total textilefiber lubricating composition.

Textile-fiber lubricant bases and lubricating compositions, prepared as described herein, possess many unexpected advantages over prior art formulations heretofore available. For example, they have been found to possess an outstanding balance of the required properties for lubricants discussed supra.

Furthermore, these formulations are relatively simple in nature and can be easily prepared from ingredients commercially available.

A further important advantage of these lubricants is that they are clear, water-white compositions which do not impart deleterious colors to fibers which interfere with subsequent dyeing operations. When the bases are mixed with organic carriers such as white mineral oil, a water-white appearance is obtained.

Another most important advantage is that these lubricant bases and blends of bases and carriers exhibit excellent resistance to yellowing over extended periods of time and at elevated processing temperatures.

In addition to having the properties mentioned above, the lubricant bases described herein can be diluted with large amounts of an inert carrier such as mineral oil to form outstanding coning oils. The coning oils so produced are self-emulsifiable in aqueous solutions and the resulting emulsions have outstanding properties, over a wide range of pH conditions (e.g., 3-1 1).

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Textile-fiber lubricant bases prepared as described herein have at least four ingredients, each of which is described in more detail below.

One of the ingredients in the base is (A) sodium or potassium alkyl phosphate esters in which the alkyl radical has 6-18 carbon atoms. The exact number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group can be determined for any particular application by taking into account the desired viscosity, lubricity, penetration, fiber properties, etc. A particularly preferred ester contains 10 carbon atoms.

Suitable phosphate esters can be ethoxylated with varying molar ratios of ethylene oxide to adjust the hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties. From 2 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of ester have been found to yield good hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties.

These phosphate esters should be present in an amount of from about 2 to about 20%, and are preferably present in an amount of from about 7 to about 12% to obtain the best balance of lubricant properties.

In general. suitable alkyl phosphate esters can be prepared by reacting phosphorous pentoxide with alcohols in suitable solvents. These esters are subsequently neutralized with bases such as sodium or potassium hydroxide. A good discussion of the preparation of some alkyl phosphate esters which would be useful in the fiber-lubricating bases described herein is given in Dziuba et al.. US. Pat. No. 3.341.451. at column 2. lines 4-44. the teachings of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference. These phosphate esters are generally commercially available.

Another ingredient in the fiber lubricant base comprises (B) alkyl esters of fatty acids with the alkyl radicals having from 1-18 carbon atoms. As is well known. fatty acids are monobasic organic acids derived from natural fats and oils. These alkyl esters are normally formed from fatty acids having from 622 carbon atoms in the acid structure. Some suitable examples include, but are not limited to. the following: methyl, ethyl. propyl, isopropyl. butyl. isobutyl. or isocetyl stearate; isopropyl palmitate or oleate'. isobutyl palmitate; methyl or ethyl laurate; etc.. and mixtures of these esters. A preferred alkyl ester of a fatty acid is butyl stearate.

These esters should be present in an amount of from about to about 50%. and for the best balance of properties it is preferred to use an amount in the range of from about 35 to about 40%. These esters are generally commercially available.

A third ingredient (C) in the lubricant base comprises polyoxyethylene lauryl ether. These ethers are formed by ethoxylating lauryl alcohol with 3 to 6 moles. and preferably 4 moles. of ethoxy groups per mole of lauryl alcohol. The polyoxyethylene lauryl ether should be present in an amount of from about to about 45% by weight. and preferably it is present in amount of from about to about 40% for the best balance of lubricating and emulsifying properties.

A fourth ingredient in the lubricant base comprises (D) polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether. These ethers are formed by ethoxylating tridecyl alcohol with 39 mols of ethoxy groups per mole of alcohol. A preferred polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether is one prepared by reacting 6 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of alcohol. The tridecyl ether should be present in an amount of from about 5 to about 25%. and is preferably present in an amount of from about 10 to about 20% to obtain the best balance of emulsifying properties.

Both the lauryl and tridecyl ethers are generally available from commercial sources.

The lubricant base described herein can be used itself as a lubricant on fibers or it can be combined with an inert carrier liquid for application to fibers. Neutral. non-volatile organic liquids can be blended with the lubricant base to form homogenous solutions. Mineral oil is a preferred inert carrier. and a particularly preferred carrier is white mineral oil. It is customary to use mineral oils having a Saybolt viscosity of from about 45 to about 120 Saybolt universal seconds measured at lOOF. When the base is combined with a carrier. suitable compositions range from about 50% carrier to about 95% carrier. and a preferred range for coning oils is from about 70 to about 80% carrier.

While these lubricant compositions have been described in terms of their major or essential ingredients. it will be evident to those skilled in the art that small amounts of other ingredients can be blended into these compositions. For example. small amounts of surfac- 6 tants. clarifying agents. perfumes. cold point depressants. etc. can be added as desired. Although it is believed that those skilled in the art will know. or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation. many such additives. the following is given by way of illustration.

Surfactants of the nonionic. anionic or cationic type can be used. These are usually present in amounts of below about 5%. The preferred surfactants are nonionic surfactants, and include. but are not limited to. those ofthe phenolic adduct type or fatty acid type. For example. octyl or nonyl phenolic adducts ethoxylated with 2-9 moles ethoxy groups per mole of adduct are suitable. as are oleic or lauric acid surfactants ethoxylated with 4-9 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of acid.

A wide range of clarifying agents can be used. In general. any additive whose presence in small amounts clarifies the base or coning oil can be considered a suitable clarifying agent. Usually. these are added in amounts of up to about 2%. Wool oils have been clarified by adding about 2% water. It is believed that the water acts as a coupler for the wool oil system formulation. Some surfactants can also act as couplers to clarify lubricant base formulations. In general. the clarity of the base depends upon the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of the system and the solubility of the various ingredients in the system.

Cold point depressants can also be used. In the case of the compositions described herein. it has been found that small amounts of water. such as 1%. accomplish this function. Other cold point depressants which are known to the art could of course be used.

It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications of the concentrations and ingredients expressly described herein will be useful under a given set of conditions. and'that these modified compo sitions will be included within the scope of the appended claims. For example. mixtures of two or more species within any of the generic ingredients (A). (B). (C) or (D) described herein can be used in forming suitable lubricants within the scope described and claimed herein. For instance. it would be possible. and

in some cases preferable. to use a blend of potassium and sodium alkyl phosphate esters to .make up the 220% required. Also. for example. a mixture of two or more alkyl esters of fatty acids could be used to produce the required l550%. Similar modifications or additions can be made to the other ingredients. In general. the best combination of ingredients within the described scope can be determined by routine laboratory experimentation taking into account such factors as fiber type. fiber form. processing system. end use. etc.

Both the lubricant base and the blended lubricants of base and inert carrier liquids described herein can be used to lubricate textile fibers during processing thereof by applying a base or blended lubricant to textile fibers prior to or during the various processing steps. These lubricants are useful for staple and continuous filament fibers. Also. these lubricants can be used on natural fibers such as cotton. wool. silk. etc.. or synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyesters. acrylics. polypropylene. acetates. etc.

The following examples further illustrate the invention. All parts and percentages are by weight. unless otherwise stated.

EXAMPLE 1 A selfemulsifiable. textile-fiber. lubricant base is formed by blending the following ingredients:

'71 (A) Ethoxylated potassium decyl phosphate ester 9.5 (B) Butyl stearate 39.0 1C) Polyoxyethylene (4 moles] lauryl ether 36.0 (D) polyoxyethylene (6 moles) tridecyl ether 15.5

The above ingredients are blended in any order.

The resulting lubricant base is suitable for application to textile fibers as a lubricant. or is also suitable for combination with many inert carrier liquids to form a blended fiber lubricant. The lubricant is water-white in appearance. has an excellent balance of lubricating and emulsifying properties and exhibits high resistance to yellowing. particularly at elevated temperatures.

EXAMPLE II A blended. textile-fiber lubricant is prepared by mixing one part of the lubricant base of Example 1 with three parts white mineral oil. USP. grade. Saybolt viscosity of 78 SUS measured at 100F. The blended lubricant has a water-white appearance and has excellent non-yellowing characteristics. In addition. it has an excellent balance of fiber lubricating and emulsifying properties and is self-emulsifiable in water.

EXAMPLE 111 This example illustrates the outstanding heat-stability of the product of Example [I contrasted to other commercially available fiber lubricants.

Heat-stability is tested by placing the lubricants in beakers which are open to an ambient atmosphere and heating the samples to 210C. followed by cooling. The effect of the heating on color is'as follows:

Color Lubricant lnitial Color After heating Ortholuhe STS light amber black American Aniline and Extract Co. Stantex 701060 light amber dark amber Standard Chem. Co. Richmond 353 amber dark amber Richmond Soap A; Chem. Product of Example ll \vatenwhite \\'ater-white.

EXAMPLE IV EXAMPLE V For purposes of comparison four lubricant composi tions were synthesized. The first (Applicants) was prepared following the teachings of Example 1. except that the formulation was as follows:

(A) Ethoxylated potassium decyl 9.8

phosphate ester (B) Butyl stearate 37.5

(C) Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether 33.7

(D) Pol \-ox \'eth \'lene tridecyl ether 15.0

( E) Water 4.0

The ethoxylated potassium decyl phosphate ester was obtained from Ethox Chemical and is sold under the name ETHFAC 36 l. The polyoxyethylene lauryl ether was obtained from Shell Chemical and is sold under the registered trademark NEODOL 233. It contained 3 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of alcohol. The polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether contained 6 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of alcohol and was obtained from Trylon Chemical under the tradename TRYCOL TDA-6. The water is added to lower the cold point.

A second lubricant (Dziuba l was prepared following the procedure set forth in Example 1 of Dziuba et al.. US. Pat. No. 3.341.451. Thus. an alkyl phosphate ester was prepared from the following ingredients:

White mineral oil 1111) SL S at 1()()F.) 37 parts Phosphorous pentoxide 7 parts Zeth \'lhe. \'l alcohol 17 parts oleyl alcohol 1) parts.

The phosphorous pentoxide and Z-ethylhexyl alcohol were reacted together in the white oil and then the oleyl alcohol was added to be sure that there was no phorphous pentoxide left unreacted.

Thirty parts of the alkyl phosphate prepared as above were mixed with 15 parts of lauryl alcohol di-propylene glycol phosphate (the blending agent) in 10 parts of white mineral oil SUS at 100F.). 6.2 parts of a 45% w./w. aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. and 40 parts of n-butyl stearate. The blending agent was prepared following the instructions given in Example l of Dziuba et al. by reacting l 1 parts of phosphorous pentoxide and 52 parts of lauryl alcohol (a synthetic analogue to natural coconut fatty alcohol) together in 56 parts of the mineral oil and then reacting parts of the product with 16 parts of propylene oxide. the excess of which was removed by evaporation under nitrogen.

The lubricant so prepared had a viscosity of 97 SUS at lOOF.

The third product synthesized for comparison Dziuba 2) was prepared according to the teachings of Example 2 of Dziuba et al.. US. Pat. No. 3.341.451. Thus. an alkyl phosphate was prepared as in Dziuba l with the exception that NEODOL 25-2 replaced the oleyl alcohol. NEODOL 25-2 is the registered trademark covering a product consisting largely of lauryl alcohol reacted with 2 moles of ethylene oxide. and this product is marketed by Shell Chemical.

The lubricant was blended as follows:

40 parts.

Butyl stearate lsobutyl palmitate 65 parts Sodium di( l ethylhexyl )sulfosuccinate parts Lauric acid l3 moles ethylene oxide) parts Potassium salt of a mixture of monoand dioleyl orthophosphates l5 parts 100 parts.

Each of the lubricant bases prepared as above were viewed to determine their initial color characteristics. They were as follows:

Applicants" water white and perfectly clear Dziuba l light amber and clear Dziuba Z amber and clear Olsen 1 opaque. slightly amber color: quite foamy with some solid setting out; multi-phased.

All four lubricant bases were tested for heat stability. The compositions were heated in an open beaker using a Bunsen burner to a temperature of 210C. After each reached that temperature, the burner was removed and the compositions were allowed to cool to room temperature. The results were as follows:

Applicants water white. very slightly hazy:

Dziuba l hazy. amber colored with considerable precipitate:

Dziuba 2 yellow. cloudy with considerable white precipitate:

Olsen 1 considerable fine white particles settled out: liquid portion had a a hazy yellow appearance.

To determine the suitability of these four compositions for use as coning oils, each was suitably diluted to contain 3 parts white mineral oil (80 SUS at 100F.) for each part base. Aqueous emulsions were then formed using four parts water to one part coning oil and by shaking vigorously. The resulting emulsions had the following characteristics:

Applicants coning oil emulsion milky emulsion with bluish cast:

good wetting out; no visible separation in first half hour: bluish cast indicates a particle size in the micron range. which is desirable; excellent emulsion:

Dziuba l coning oil emulsion oil globules or "marbles" formed immediately; shaking vigorously caused a light milky appearance: separation starts immediately: creams out within one-half hour: \ery poor emulsion;

Dziuba Z coning oil emulsion also has oil "marbles". although -contmued not as bad as D ziuba l: shaking vigorously caused a milky appearance: separation began immediately upon standing; poor emulsion;

Olsen 1 coning oil emulsion \ery poor emulsion which must be shaken vigorously or stirred to get a milky appearance; creams out almost completely within one-half hour; very poor emulsion.

Only the aqueous emulsion formed from Applicants coning oil would be satisfactory for a marketable coning oil.

What is claimed is:

l. A coning oil consisting essentially of from about 50 to about of an inert carrier liquid and from about 5 to about 50% of a textile-fiber lubricant base. said lubricant base consisting essentially of:

A. from about 2 to about 20% of sodium or potassium ethoxylated alkyl phosphate ester. said alkyl radical having 6-18 carbon atoms said ester being ethoxylated with from about 2 to about 6 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of ester;

B. from about 15 to about 50% alkyl ester of a fatty acid. said alkyl radical having 10-18 carbon atoms and said fatty acid containing 6-22 carbon atoms:

C. from about 25 to about 45% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether comprising a reaction product of lauryl alcohol with from 3-6 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of lauryl alcohol; and.

D. from about 5 to about 25% polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether comprising a reaction product of tridecyl alcohol with from 3-9 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of tridecyl alcohol.

2. A coning oil of claim 1 wherein said inert carrier liquid comprises an aqueous carrier liquid.

3. A coning oil of claim I wherein said inert carrier liquid comprises a neutral. non-volatile organic liquid.

4. A coning oil of claim 2 wherein said organic liquid comprises mineral oil.

5. A coning oil of claim 4 wherein said mineral oil has a Saybolt viscosity measured at F. of from about 45 to about Saybolt universal seconds.

6. A coning oil of claim 5 wherein said mineral oil comprises white mineral oil.

7. A coning oil of claim 6 wherein said carrier liquid is present in an amount of from about 70 to about 80%. and said lubricant base is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 30%.

8. A coning oil of claim 7 wherein said lubricant base consists essentially of:

A. from about 7 to about 12% of potassium ethoxylated alkyl phosphate ester, said alkyl group having 6-18 carbon atoms said ester being ethoxylated with from about 2 to about 6 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of ester;

B. from about 35% to about 40% butyl stearate;

C. from about 30% to about 40% of a polyoxyethylene lauryl ether comprising a reaction product of lauryl alcohol with from 3-6 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of lauryl alcohol: and.

D. from about 10 to about 20% of polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether comprising a reaction product of tridecyl alcohol with from 3-9 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of tridecyl alcohol.

9. A self-emulsifiable. textile-fiber. coning oil consisting essentially of from about 70 to about 80% mineral 3,926,816 11 12 oil and from about to about of a textile-fiber alcohol with 4 m b e y groups P mole of lubricant base consisting essentially of: lauryl alcohol; and. H L

I t D. from about 10 to about 20% polyoxyethylene A. from about 7 to about 12% of potassium ethoxyltridecyl ether Comprising a reaction product of ated alkyl Phosphate ester- Said I group hlwing 5 tridecyl alcohol with 6 moles of ethoxy groups per 10 carbon atoms said ester being ethoxylated with mole of tridecyl alcohol. a f about 2 to about 6 moles f ethoxy groups per 10. A selfiemulsifiable. textile-fiber coning oil of claim 9 wherein said mineral oil comprises a white mineral oil having a Saybolt viscosity of from about 45 m to about 120 Saybolt universal seconds measured in mole of ester;

B. from about 35 to about 45% butyl stearate;

C. from about 30 to about polyoxyethylene lauryl ether comprising a reaction product of lauryl

Claims

1. A CONING OIL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF FROM ABOUT 50 TO ABOUT 95% OF AN INERT CARRIER LIQUID AND FROM ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 50% OF A TEXTILE-FIBER LUBRICANT BASE, SAID LUBRICANT BASE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF: A. FROM ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 20% OF SODIUM OR POTASSIUM ETHOXYLATED ALKYL PHOSPHATE ESTER, SAID ALKYL RADICAL HAVING 6-18 CARBON ATOMS SAID ESTER BEING ETHOXYLATED WITH FROM ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 6 MOLES OF ETHOXY GROUPS PER MOLE OF ESTER; B. FROM ABOUT 15 TO ABOUT 50% ALKYL ESTER OF A FATTY ACID, SAID ALKYL RADICAL HAVING 10-18 CARBON ATOMS AND SAID FATTY ACID CONTAINING 6-22 CARBON ATOMS; C. FROM ABOUT 25 TO ABOUT 45% POLYOXYETHYLENE LAURYL ETHER COMPRISING A REACTION PRODUCT OF LAURYL ALCOHOL WITH FROM 3-6 MOLES OF ETHOXY GROUPS PER MOLE OF LAURYL ALCOHOL; AND, D. FROM ABOUT 5 TO ABOUT 25% POLYOXYETHYLENE TRIDECYL ETHER COMPRISING A REACTION PRODUCT OF TRIDECYL ALCOHOL WITH FROM 3-9 MOLES OF ETHOXY GROUPS PER MOLE OF TRIDECYL ALCOHOL.

3. A coning oil of claim 1 wherein said inert carrier liquid comprises a neutral, non-volatile organic liquid.

4. A coning oil of claim 2 wherein said organic liquid comprises mineral oil.

5. A coning oil of claim 4 wherein said mineral oil has a Saybolt viscosity measured at 100*F. of from about 45 to about 120 Saybolt universal seconds.

7. A coning oil of claim 6 wherein said carrier liquid is present in an amount of from about 70 to about 80%, and said lubricant base is present in an amount of from about 20 to about 30%.

8. A coning oil of claim 7 wherein said lubricant base consists essentially of: A. from about 7 to about 12% of potassium ethoxylated alkyl phosphate ester, said alkyl group having 6-18 carbon atoms said ester being ethoxylated with from about 2 to about 6 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of ester; B. from about 35% to about 40% butyl stearate; C. from about 30% to about 40% of a polyoxyethylene lauryl ether comprising a reaction product of lauryl alcohol with from 3-6 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of lauryl alcohol; and, D. from about 10 to about 20% of polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether comprising a reaction product of tridecyl alcohol with from 3-9 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of tridecyl alcohol.

9. A self-emulsifiable, textile-fiber, coning oil consisting essentially of from about 70 to about 80% mineral oil and from about 20 to about 30% of a textile-fiber lubricant base consisting essentially of: A. from about 7 to about 12% of potassium ethoxylated alkyl phosphate ester, said alkyl group having 10 carbon atoms said ester being ethoxylated with from about 2 to about 6 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of ester; B. from about 35 to about 45% butyl stearate; C. from about 30 to about 40% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether comprising a reaction product of lauryl alcohol with 4 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of lauryl alcohol; and, D. from about 10 to about 20% polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether comprising a reaction product of tridecyl alcohol with 6 moles of ethoxy groups per mole of tridecyl alcohol.

10. A self-emulsifiable, textile-fiber coning oil of claim 9 wherein said mineral oil comprises a white mineral oil having a Saybolt viscosity of from about 45 to about 120 Saybolt universal seconds measured in 100*F.