US3339613A - Flame stabilization - Google Patents

Flame stabilization Download PDF

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Publication number
US3339613A
US3339613A US423251A US42325165A US3339613A US 3339613 A US3339613 A US 3339613A US 423251 A US423251 A US 423251A US 42325165 A US42325165 A US 42325165A US 3339613 A US3339613 A US 3339613A
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
furnace
fuel
flame
vortex
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US423251A
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Aatto P Saha
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Carrier Corp
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Carrier Corp
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Priority to US423251A priority Critical patent/US3339613A/en
Priority to GB48172/65A priority patent/GB1130886A/en
Priority to FR44270A priority patent/FR1462091A/en
Priority to DE19661501801 priority patent/DE1501801A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F23C1/02—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air lump and liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid

Definitions

  • This invention relates to combustion of dispersible fuels and, more particularly, to stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of the flame from a dispersible fuel burner.
  • dispersible fuel includes fuels such as solid fuels in powdered or pulverized form such as powdered coal, and fluid fuels such as gaseous, vaporous or liquid fuels, for example, combustible gases and vapors as well as combustible liquids such as fuel oils, capable of being atomized as by spraying and the like.
  • Pulsations of the flame produced by dispersible fuel burners cause uneven transfer of heat and intermittent periods or cycles of incomplete combustion, as is more fully discussed in my prior United States Patent 2,539,165, and the present invention is an improvement thereon.
  • the present invention is directed to improved combustion in a dispersible fuel burner by provision of a pocket extending from a fuel nozzle to an air inlet through which a vortex of air is introduced into a furnace.
  • the pocket is an improvement on the sleeve-like flame stabilizer which is the subject of my aforementioned patent..
  • Another object is provision of new and improved apparatus for burning dispersible fuel including a furnace and a nozzle at one end of the furnace for passing dispersible fuel into the furnace to generate a flame, with an air inlet axially spaced from the nozzle for passing a vortex into the furnace to combine with the fuel and move axially through the furnace, and a pocket extending about the nozzle to the air inlet for holding a portion of the vortex to stabilize and effectively prevent lifting of the flame at the nozzle.
  • Still another object is provision of a new and improved method of stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of a flame from a dispersible fuel nozzle by establishing about the nozzle a vortex substantially devoid of axial velocity and generally coaxial with the nozzle.
  • FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary, longitudinal sectional view of a furnace and a burner for dispersible fuel
  • FIGURE 2 is a vertical sectional view, taken generally along the line IIII in FIGURE 1.
  • a furnace 11 is illustrated in generally cylindrical form within a boiler shell 12.
  • the furnace 11 has a dispersible fuel burner 13 at one end and at an opposite end opening into a flue gas header 14. From the header flue gas may pass through return fire tubes 14a to a flue 14b, or alternatively, directly to a flue.
  • the burner 13 includes a fuel dispersing nozzle 15, here in the form of a flat perforated plate facing into the furnace 11 on its front side and on its rear side facing a fuel chamber 16 communicating with a suitable fuel line 17 for passage of dispersible fuel through the perforations and into the combustion chamber of the furnace.
  • a fuel dispersing nozzle 15 here in the form of a flat perforated plate facing into the furnace 11 on its front side and on its rear side facing a fuel chamber 16 communicating with a suitable fuel line 17 for passage of dispersible fuel through the perforations and into the combustion chamber of the furnace.
  • Vortex forming means includes an air inlet 18 for providing substantially a rapidly rotating, annular combustion air stream 18a moving along the inner surface of the combustion chamber and about a relatively slowly rotating core 18b delimited from the stream 18a by a 3,339,613 Patented Sept. 5, 1967 flame front and all moving axially along the longitudinal axis of the furnace 11.
  • the inlet 18 opens into the end of the furnace adjacent the nozzle 15 and may be of any suitable type, for example, as shown in my Patent 2,097,255, and in FIGURE 2 wherein the inlet includes a plurality of vanes 19 having inner ends defining an imaginary circle with a diameter D which may be the same as or suitably larger or smaller than the cylindrical vortex confining furnace wall diameter D
  • the vanes 19 receive air through an air plenum 20 from a suitable blower (not shown) and discharge the air through open areas A, between the inner ends of the vanes which are generally tangent to the imaginary circle.
  • a ceramic end Wall 20a forms a pocket 21 with the furnace and extends to the air inlet 18 so that a portion of the tvortex created at the air inlet is established rearwardly of the inlet and is substantially static in an axial direction to provide a quiescent zone about the nozzle to hold and stabilize the flame at the nozzle.
  • the pocket 21 should have a diameter greater than the diameter of the core of the vortex at the inlet so that the vortex may be established and maintained in the pocket.
  • the diameter of the core of the vortex is a function of the vortex forming means and is related to a Vortex Constant C which is the sum of the tangential area or areas A, of the discharge passage at the outlets between the vanes divided by the product of the inlet or inner diameter across the vane circle of the vortex forming means D times the diameter of the furnace D that is i D D;
  • the pocket diameter must be more than the potential core diameter D at the flame front 21a and may be stated as a percent of the diameter of the furnace or other confining surface as follows:
  • the centrifugal force imparted to the jets by the core cause better dispersal of the fuel and more even combustion than occurs with a single, large jet normally injected into the center of the core where centrifugal force is negligible.
  • the quiescent zone of the vortex in the pocket 21 provides for slow combustion of the entering fuel from the nozzle through interdiffusion of the-fuel and air in the vortex in the pocket, and absence of axial velocity of the air in the pocket effectively prevents the flame from being lifted from the nozzle.
  • An apparatus for burning dispersible fuel comprising a furnace having a combustion chamber, a nozzle at an end of said furnace for passing dispersible fuel into said combustion chamber of the furnace to mix with air and generate a flame, means including an air inlet between said nozzle and said combustion chamber for providing in said combustion chamber a vortex of air moving axially therethrough and generally along the wall thereof and mixing with said fuel, and means for receiving said vortex and providing a quiescent zone stabilizing and eflectively preventing lifting of the flame at the nozzle including a pocket about said nozzle extending from said nozzle to the annular origin of said air stream at said air inlet.
  • An apparatus for burning dispersible fuel comprising means defining a furnace having a combustion chamher for the passage of a vortex having an annular portion rotating relatively rapidly along the wall thereof and about a relatively nonrotating core with the vortex moving axially through said combustion chamber, means including a nozzle at an end of said furnace for passing dispersible fuel into said combustion chamber to mix with the air in said vortex and generate a flame, means including an air inlet between said nozzle and said combustion chamber and spaced axially of said furnace from said nozzle for providing said vortex in said combustion chamber, and means for receiving said vortex and providing a quiescent zone stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of the flame at the nozzle including a pocket about said nozzle and extending substantially from said nozzle to said air inlet and having a diameter at said inlet greater thn the diameter of the vortex core.
  • An apparatus for burning dispersible fuel comprising a nozzle for passing dispersible fuel to mix with air and generate a flame, means including an air inlet downstream of said nozzle for providing a vortex including a rotating, annular air stream about a core for mixing with said fuel, and means for stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of the flame at the nozzle including a pocket about said nozzle and extending to the annular origin of said air stream, said pocket having a diameter at said inlet greater than the diameter of said core.
  • a method of stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of a flame from a dispersible fuel nozzle comprising the steps of passing dispersible fuel through said nozzle, and establishing aboutsaid nozzle a substantially axially static vortex of combustion air generally axially aligned with said nozzle.
  • a method of stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of a flame from a dispersible fuel nozzle comprising the steps of passing dispersible fuel through said nozzle, downstream of said nozzle generating a vortex of combustion air generally axially aligned with said nozzle, and establishing about said nozzle a portion of said vortex substantially devoid of axial velocity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)

Description

p 1967 A. P. SAHA FLAME STABILIZATION Filed Jan." 4, 1965 INVENTOR AATTO P. SAHA BY ATTORNEY.
United States Patent 3,339,613 FLAME STABILIZATION Aatto P. Saha, Jamesville, N.Y., assignor to Carrier Corporation, Syracuse, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed Jan. 4, 1965, Ser. No. 423,251 5 Claims. (Cl. 158--1.5)
This invention relates to combustion of dispersible fuels and, more particularly, to stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of the flame from a dispersible fuel burner.
The term dispersible fuel includes fuels such as solid fuels in powdered or pulverized form such as powdered coal, and fluid fuels such as gaseous, vaporous or liquid fuels, for example, combustible gases and vapors as well as combustible liquids such as fuel oils, capable of being atomized as by spraying and the like.
Pulsations of the flame produced by dispersible fuel burners cause uneven transfer of heat and intermittent periods or cycles of incomplete combustion, as is more fully discussed in my prior United States Patent 2,539,165, and the present invention is an improvement thereon.
The present invention is directed to improved combustion in a dispersible fuel burner by provision of a pocket extending from a fuel nozzle to an air inlet through which a vortex of air is introduced into a furnace.The pocket is an improvement on the sleeve-like flame stabilizer which is the subject of my aforementioned patent..
It is a primary object of this invention to provide a new and improved apparatus and method for the combustion of dispersible fuel and, more particularly, for stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of the flame at a dispersible fuel nozzle.
Another object is provision of new and improved apparatus for burning dispersible fuel including a furnace and a nozzle at one end of the furnace for passing dispersible fuel into the furnace to generate a flame, with an air inlet axially spaced from the nozzle for passing a vortex into the furnace to combine with the fuel and move axially through the furnace, and a pocket extending about the nozzle to the air inlet for holding a portion of the vortex to stabilize and effectively prevent lifting of the flame at the nozzle.
Still another object is provision of a new and improved method of stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of a flame from a dispersible fuel nozzle by establishing about the nozzle a vortex substantially devoid of axial velocity and generally coaxial with the nozzle.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and drawing in which:
FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary, longitudinal sectional view of a furnace and a burner for dispersible fuel; and
FIGURE 2 is a vertical sectional view, taken generally along the line IIII in FIGURE 1.
Referring to the drawing, a furnace 11 is illustrated in generally cylindrical form within a boiler shell 12. The furnace 11 has a dispersible fuel burner 13 at one end and at an opposite end opening into a flue gas header 14. From the header flue gas may pass through return fire tubes 14a to a flue 14b, or alternatively, directly to a flue.
The burner 13 includes a fuel dispersing nozzle 15, here in the form of a flat perforated plate facing into the furnace 11 on its front side and on its rear side facing a fuel chamber 16 communicating with a suitable fuel line 17 for passage of dispersible fuel through the perforations and into the combustion chamber of the furnace.
Vortex forming means includes an air inlet 18 for providing substantially a rapidly rotating, annular combustion air stream 18a moving along the inner surface of the combustion chamber and about a relatively slowly rotating core 18b delimited from the stream 18a by a 3,339,613 Patented Sept. 5, 1967 flame front and all moving axially along the longitudinal axis of the furnace 11. The inlet 18 opens into the end of the furnace adjacent the nozzle 15 and may be of any suitable type, for example, as shown in my Patent 2,097,255, and in FIGURE 2 wherein the inlet includes a plurality of vanes 19 having inner ends defining an imaginary circle with a diameter D which may be the same as or suitably larger or smaller than the cylindrical vortex confining furnace wall diameter D The vanes 19 receive air through an air plenum 20 from a suitable blower (not shown) and discharge the air through open areas A, between the inner ends of the vanes which are generally tangent to the imaginary circle.
In order to stabilize the flame and for effectively preventing lifting of the flame at the nozzle 15, a ceramic end Wall 20a forms a pocket 21 with the furnace and extends to the air inlet 18 so that a portion of the tvortex created at the air inlet is established rearwardly of the inlet and is substantially static in an axial direction to provide a quiescent zone about the nozzle to hold and stabilize the flame at the nozzle. The pocket 21 should have a diameter greater than the diameter of the core of the vortex at the inlet so that the vortex may be established and maintained in the pocket.
The diameter of the core of the vortex is a function of the vortex forming means and is related to a Vortex Constant C which is the sum of the tangential area or areas A, of the discharge passage at the outlets between the vanes divided by the product of the inlet or inner diameter across the vane circle of the vortex forming means D times the diameter of the furnace D that is i D D; Within normal working limits, for a given Vortex Constant the pocket diameter must be more than the potential core diameter D at the flame front 21a and may be stated as a percent of the diameter of the furnace or other confining surface as follows:
crete jets, the centrifugal force imparted to the jets by the core cause better dispersal of the fuel and more even combustion than occurs with a single, large jet normally injected into the center of the core where centrifugal force is negligible. The quiescent zone of the vortex in the pocket 21 provides for slow combustion of the entering fuel from the nozzle through interdiffusion of the-fuel and air in the vortex in the pocket, and absence of axial velocity of the air in the pocket effectively prevents the flame from being lifted from the nozzle.
By providing adequate flame holding and stabilization of the flame, higher axially velocity of the flame can be tolerated in the furnace without lifting of the flame, so that for a given furnace area or volume the heat release is greater while facilitating uniform heating without peaking and permitting a reduction in the diameter of the combustion chamber for a given heat output.
While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described and illustrated, it will be understood the invention is not limited thereto since it may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims.
I claim.
1. An apparatus for burning dispersible fuel comprising a furnace having a combustion chamber, a nozzle at an end of said furnace for passing dispersible fuel into said combustion chamber of the furnace to mix with air and generate a flame, means including an air inlet between said nozzle and said combustion chamber for providing in said combustion chamber a vortex of air moving axially therethrough and generally along the wall thereof and mixing with said fuel, and means for receiving said vortex and providing a quiescent zone stabilizing and eflectively preventing lifting of the flame at the nozzle including a pocket about said nozzle extending from said nozzle to the annular origin of said air stream at said air inlet.
2. An apparatus for burning dispersible fuel comprising means defining a furnace having a combustion chamher for the passage of a vortex having an annular portion rotating relatively rapidly along the wall thereof and about a relatively nonrotating core with the vortex moving axially through said combustion chamber, means including a nozzle at an end of said furnace for passing dispersible fuel into said combustion chamber to mix with the air in said vortex and generate a flame, means including an air inlet between said nozzle and said combustion chamber and spaced axially of said furnace from said nozzle for providing said vortex in said combustion chamber, and means for receiving said vortex and providing a quiescent zone stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of the flame at the nozzle including a pocket about said nozzle and extending substantially from said nozzle to said air inlet and having a diameter at said inlet greater thn the diameter of the vortex core.
3. An apparatus for burning dispersible fuel comprising a nozzle for passing dispersible fuel to mix with air and generate a flame, means including an air inlet downstream of said nozzle for providing a vortex including a rotating, annular air stream about a core for mixing with said fuel, and means for stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of the flame at the nozzle including a pocket about said nozzle and extending to the annular origin of said air stream, said pocket having a diameter at said inlet greater than the diameter of said core.
4. A method of stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of a flame from a dispersible fuel nozzle comprising the steps of passing dispersible fuel through said nozzle, and establishing aboutsaid nozzle a substantially axially static vortex of combustion air generally axially aligned with said nozzle.
5. A method of stabilizing and effectively preventing lifting of a flame from a dispersible fuel nozzle comprising the steps of passing dispersible fuel through said nozzle, downstream of said nozzle generating a vortex of combustion air generally axially aligned with said nozzle, and establishing about said nozzle a portion of said vortex substantially devoid of axial velocity.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,795,347 3/1931 Reese 11028 2,097,255 10/1937 Saha 1581 2,678,615 5/1954 Soderlund et a1 1l0-28 FOREIGN PATENTS 270,295 1/ 1928 Great Britain. 705,447 3/ 1954 Great Britain.
30 FREDERICK L. MATTESON, ]R., Primary Examiner.
E. G. FAVORS, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. AN APPARATUS FOR BURNING DISPERSIBLE FUEL COMPRISING A FURNACE HAVING A COMBUSTION CHAMBER, A NOZZLE AT AN END OF SAID FURNACE FOR PASSING DISPERSIBLE FUEL INTO SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF THE FURNACE TO MIX WITH AIR AND GENERATE A FLAME, MEANS INCLUDING AN AIR INLET BETWEEN SAID NOZZLE AND SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF PROVIDING IN SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER A VORTEX OF AIR MOVING AXIALLY THERETHROUGH AND GENERALLY ALONG THE WALL THEREOF AND MIXING WITH SAID FUEL, AND MEANS FOR RECEIVING SAID VORTEX AND PROVIDING A QUIESCENT ZONE STABILIZING AND EFFECTIVELY PREVENTING LIFTING OF THE FLAME AT THE NOZZLE INCLUDING A POCKET ABOUT SAID NOZZLE EXTENDING FROM SAID NOZZLE TO THE ANNULAR ORIGIN OF SAID AIR STREAM AT SAID AIR INLET.
US423251A 1965-01-04 1965-01-04 Flame stabilization Expired - Lifetime US3339613A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US423251A US3339613A (en) 1965-01-04 1965-01-04 Flame stabilization
GB48172/65A GB1130886A (en) 1965-01-04 1965-11-12 Flame stabilization
FR44270A FR1462091A (en) 1965-01-04 1965-12-30 Flame stabilization
DE19661501801 DE1501801A1 (en) 1965-01-04 1966-01-03 Method and device for burning atomizable fuels

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3677532A (en) * 1970-07-06 1972-07-18 John J Wolfersperger Two chamber fuel burner
US3718122A (en) * 1970-03-30 1973-02-27 J Agrest Firing chamber for the combustion of gaseous, liquid or fine-granular fuel
US4120640A (en) * 1977-02-18 1978-10-17 Infern-O-Therm Corporation Burner for liquid fuel
US20080017108A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-24 Czerniak Michael R Gas combustion apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2484020A1 (en) * 1980-06-06 1981-12-11 Snecma FUEL INJECTION ASSEMBLY FOR TURBOREACTOR CHAMBER

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB270295A (en) * 1926-05-01 1928-01-05 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Improvements in or relating to coal dust furnaces
US1795347A (en) * 1927-07-18 1931-03-10 Erie City Iron Works Furnace
US2097255A (en) * 1937-10-26 Method of and apparatus fob burn
GB705447A (en) * 1950-12-15 1954-03-10 Bataafsche Petroleum Apparatus for burning liquid fuel or pulverised solid fuel
US2678615A (en) * 1949-12-20 1954-05-18 Rosenblad Corp Method for burning sticky, watercontaining liquid fuel

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2097255A (en) * 1937-10-26 Method of and apparatus fob burn
GB270295A (en) * 1926-05-01 1928-01-05 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Improvements in or relating to coal dust furnaces
US1795347A (en) * 1927-07-18 1931-03-10 Erie City Iron Works Furnace
US2678615A (en) * 1949-12-20 1954-05-18 Rosenblad Corp Method for burning sticky, watercontaining liquid fuel
GB705447A (en) * 1950-12-15 1954-03-10 Bataafsche Petroleum Apparatus for burning liquid fuel or pulverised solid fuel

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3718122A (en) * 1970-03-30 1973-02-27 J Agrest Firing chamber for the combustion of gaseous, liquid or fine-granular fuel
US3677532A (en) * 1970-07-06 1972-07-18 John J Wolfersperger Two chamber fuel burner
US4120640A (en) * 1977-02-18 1978-10-17 Infern-O-Therm Corporation Burner for liquid fuel
US20080017108A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-24 Czerniak Michael R Gas combustion apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
FR1462091A (en) 1966-12-09
DE1501801A1 (en) 1969-11-27
GB1130886A (en) 1968-10-16

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