US3333044A - Passageway structure for liquid coolant at gun and transformer ends of welding cable having novel internal surface bearing for alternate polarity strands - Google Patents

Passageway structure for liquid coolant at gun and transformer ends of welding cable having novel internal surface bearing for alternate polarity strands Download PDF

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Publication number
US3333044A
US3333044A US450421A US45042165A US3333044A US 3333044 A US3333044 A US 3333044A US 450421 A US450421 A US 450421A US 45042165 A US45042165 A US 45042165A US 3333044 A US3333044 A US 3333044A
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Prior art keywords
cable
ropes
connector
gun
strands
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US450421A
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William A Toto
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Priority to US450421A priority Critical patent/US3333044A/en
Priority to GB31414/65A priority patent/GB1117401A/en
Priority to DE19651590659 priority patent/DE1590659C/de
Priority to FR29640A priority patent/FR1458366A/fr
Priority to BE683837D priority patent/BE683837A/fr
Priority to US640587A priority patent/US3467767A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
    • H01R9/11—End pieces for multiconductor cables supported by the cable and for facilitating connections to other conductive members, e.g. for liquid cooled welding cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/001—Power supply cables for the electrodes of electric-welding apparatus or electric-arc furnaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R35/00—Flexible or turnable line connectors, i.e. the rotation angle being limited
    • H01R35/02—Flexible line connectors without frictional contact members

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A Connector unit for alternating polarity electrical welding cable having special cable rope construction with 14 groups of strands of elliptical cross section consisting of 4 groups forming a core section and l0 groups forming a peripheral section surrounding the core section to provide minimum wear points in the assembly of groups and having an internal support element.
  • This invention relates to a cable terminal unit and more particularly to an alternate polarity multiple conductor terminal unit having a greatly extended operating life due to a novel end structure which reduces fatigue chang of the line wires induced by kick and twisting of the wire and which greatly facilitate the problem of dissipating large quantities 'of internally generated heat.
  • the cable terminal of this invention is specifically intended to be used in connection with the kickless cable of the type described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 2,320,470 to M. G. Rees and No. 2,308,673 to L. S. Burgett.
  • an alternating polarity,rkickless electric water-cooled cable internal and circumferential bearing surfaces acting together to provide sliding surfaces for the rope conductors at the welding gun end of the cable. These surfaces permit free movement of the ropes and prevent chaiing of the fine wires while maintaining the ropes in spaced apart relation, thus maintaining open the coolant flow passageways when the cable is bent at the welding gun end.
  • a spiraling shaped swaged connector is provided for connecting the ropes of one polarity to the welding gun. The connectors shape approximates the helix of the rope lay,
  • the cable consists of two leads Wound about a perforated resilient sleeve containing a collapsible hollow core element such as helical spring.
  • the end of the core has a helically shaped semirigid spacer located six to eight inches beyond the terminal at the transformer end lof the cable, enabling the coolant to be conveyed directly to this region, therebyforming a coolant pocket between the spacer and the end of the connector.
  • This arrangement assures that coolant is always accessi-ble to the rope conductors at the hottesty portion of the cable. Coolant flow is distributed over the outer rope conductors of the cable by means of an outer or major connector surface formed with a circumferential manifold groove connecting with two helical ow channels.
  • an improved wear-point reducing strand configuration for the negative wire ropes there is provided, in combination according to the present invention, an improved wear-point reducing strand configuration for the negative wire ropes.
  • a 14-bunch rope construction of tine strandedV wire composed of a core of 4 bunches surrounded by a peripheral layer of 10 bunches.
  • the twist direction of each ICC bunch is opposite to its adjacent bunch in the outer and inner core groups.
  • Each bunch in the core group has an eccentric transverse cross section to establish points of physical contact with bunches of the outer group.
  • the closing helix of both the outer and core groupings is the same and has the same direction to maintain, the direction or the helix angle of the formed negative connector.
  • VIt should be-noted here that the I2 term commonly varies between 108 to 4 108 and that the resistance value (R) increases 3.5% with each 10 F. rise in temperature of the copper. This increase in coppers resistance, of course aggravates the problem by completing the viciously ascending heat generating cycle.
  • Separator failures are lcommon when the surface temperatures of the strands exceed 250 F. during continuous operations.
  • the separators generally extruded from the Buna-N com-pounds can be expected to rapidly deteriorate and flake away. Their residues can be found as deposits on the coolant stream passageways of the cable and its terminals, and they will further impede the llow and accelerate cable failures.
  • the cable area 6 to 8 inches beyond the terminal lugs at the transformer connection is most detrimentally affected by the high temperatures of the coolant flow, since at this point a balance is reached between the heat dissipated into the transformer lugs and the high point of the longitudinal temperature gradient along the cables length. It is at this point that many cables fail because of the insufficient heat transfer rate due to the large amount of accumulated heat in the coolant llow stream by the time it reaches its area coming up from the gun end of the cable.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide internal and circumferential bearing surfaces for each of the six rope conductors at the area to the rear of the terminals at the gun end of the cable in order to overcome wire fracturing at this point, when the cable is severely kinked.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a terminal connector to position the inner and outer conductors so that they are free to align themselves behind the terminals during severe bending of the cable.
  • FIG. l is a fragmentary diagrammatic View of the flexible liquid cooled cable of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary isometric view of a preferred embodiment of the flexible cable showing the positive connector lead removed from the terminal assembly;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of FIG. 2 ⁇ taken substantially on line 3,-3;
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on line 4-4 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on line 5-5 of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are transverse cross sectional views of the cable assembly of the invention along the cuts 6--6, 7-7 and 8 8 of FIG. 3.
  • the flexible water-cooled electric welding cable assembly embodying the present invention is generally designated by numeral 10.
  • the cable assembly 10 is shown extending between transformer T and welding gun W.
  • Connecting the cable assembly 10 to the transformer and welding guns are shown two terminals each composed of two conductive elements 11 and 12, positive and negative respectively, insulatingly separated by a conductive block 11a.
  • Bolts 13 passing through a hole in terminals 14 and insulators 15 secure the elements to the terminals.
  • the conductive elements 11 and 12 may be a flexible lamination of copper strips composed of a pair of identical semicylindrical sections, generally machined from round copper stock and sawed into two semicylindrical lengths.
  • the shape of the elements 11 and 12 can be made to suit most any application.
  • a relatively thin ilat insulating element 16 insulates conductive block 11a from element 12 along their joint faces.
  • Theaded holes 18, shown in the negative conductive block 11a, are used for fastening the conductive element 11 to the terminal.
  • Coolant ports 19 and Ztl, located in the block 11a in each terminal assembly, are threaded to receive hose fittings carrying coolant to the cable. The coolant is introduced at the welding gun end which is usually the lowest point in the suspended cable so as to ow upward through the cable and emergin-g from port 20 in the top terminal that is attached to the transformer overhead.
  • each terminal conductor 11 and 12 is radially undercut to form axially projected, doubly beveled tangs 21 and 22 that are integral with the body yof the conductive elements, and are each adapted to receive in mating arrangement forming a strong lap joint a cable lead connector whose outer surface 23 is generally conical in form in order to snugly lit within the internal diameter of the cable hose 5.
  • the negative connector 26 and positive connector 24 are bolted to the tangs 21 and 22 using 18-8 stainless steel bolts 2S. This lap joint can further be secured by silver soldering the mating surfaces together.
  • the interior faces of the terminal conductors 11 and 12 may be provided with axial grooves or channels 27 and the insulating sheet 16 is slotted in this area to match the channel opening in order to facilitate the coolant flow through the channel.
  • the channel then becomes the common distribution point for the division of flow for the positive and the negative coolant flow passageways. Coolant ports 19 and 20 located in each negative conductor block 11 are similarly located but are not shown in the positive conductor elements 12.
  • inward facing surfaces 28 of the tangs 21 and 22 are spaced apart to form a space 29 which functions as a coolant portoning port for controlling the negative flow, eg., outer flow, to the negative outer group of 3 ropes.
  • the flow to the negative lead (outer flow) can be varied by tapering the sides of the tangs 21 and 22 in conjunction with varying the crosswise length of the dividing insulator strip 16 at point 30. Accordingly, decreasing the taper and increasing the length will tend to decrease the negative flow (outer flow) over the negative conductors and thus it is possible to meter and to balance the negative and positive flows.
  • the positive connector 24 has been shown disconnected from the positive terminal tang 21.
  • Two bolts ⁇ 25 pass through the connector clearance holes 31 and are threaded into the tangs. This better illustrates the construction details of each of the connectors.
  • rnegative connector 26 can be disconnected from the negative tang 22 by removing the threaded bolts 25.
  • the negative connector 26 ties together as a conductive unit.
  • the terminal end portions of each group of 3 negative core conductors 32 of like polarity are inserted into -a preformed conductive metal sleeve 33 and swagged together in a heavy press using a progressive type die in order to achieve .an intricately contou-red shape.
  • This connector 26 transpositions the 3 ropes and from their outer circumferential positions into a comrnon semicircular cross section.
  • the connectors in this description are twice the length as those set forth in applicants U.S. Patent No. 3,127,467 and contain two helical fluted recesses on a circumferential surface .and are shown as 33a.
  • the fluted recesses 33a act as flow channels to convey coolant iiow passing through the tang flow proportioning port 29 and hence around a manifold ow groove 34 which in turn feeds the two spiraling uted -grooves 33.
  • the coolant flow can now flow evenly distributed along the 3 outer negative strands for eflicient removal of heat generated.
  • the helix angle in the connector is approximately The strands thusly maintain the same helix angle through the connector collar as they have throughout the length of the cable.
  • the present conductor construction comprises a novel 4-in. core and l() peripheral conductor bunches to form a stable configuration in which elliptically-shaped bunches are present in the core to support the outer bunches.
  • This elliptical core configuration allowing 6 cross-over points, is new in the welding cable field.
  • the 14-bunch herringbone herein reduces wire fracture by providing greater lateral contact surface areas than in the 35 cross-over point of the prior art cable. As Vthe contact areas become greater, the wearing pressures become smaller.
  • the connector section at the manifold groove line makes a smooth transition from the helix angle t-o one that is parallel to the longitudinal axis v of the cable. Since this transition is carried out at a rigid section of the cable, no bending stresses are imparted to the strands. Further, -applicant has designed the connector openings with a generous tapered and flared entry portion 35 to permit additional freedom of wire movement while thecable is being bent.
  • a .G60-inch wall nylon sleeve 36 is fastened over both connectors and extends beyond them for at least 11/2 times the c-ables diameter.
  • the sleeve serves two purposes: (l) It provides a better bearing surface over which the outer 3 strands are able to slide.
  • TheV nylon sleeve offers just the proper amount of semirigidity to the area so as to increase the radius of curvature of the cable while it is being connector lead 24 disconnected from the rear portion of the positive element 12 of the terminal.
  • An inner resilient sheath 37 (FIG. 8) is used as the insulator enclosing one set of positive conductors strand 38, wound about a central core assembly.
  • the negative conductor strands 32 are helically wound and in alternating positions with the positive strands. Both groups are insulated from each other by the insulating sheath 37. Sheath 37 has been pulled away from the cable .and is shown in FIG.
  • the inner nylon bearing has ⁇ a central bore and is approximately .7S-inch long with 6 arms .375 long and located .25 of an inch beyond the end of the circumferential bearing sleeve 36.
  • the bearing 39 has inner helical flutes 42, is shaped to snugly fit the 3 positive conductor strands and is held in contact with the positive conductors by the spring 40 which passes through its central bore'.
  • the bearing is restricted from moving either down the length of the cable by the perforated resilient tubing 41, and it cannot move towards the positive connector because the conductors 38 are brought together in tight relation as they enter the connector 24. It can now be appreciated that as the cable is severely bent beyond the terminal, the negative or outer group of 3 ropes will slide along the inner surface -of the nylon sleeve 36 and concurrently the inner or positive group of 3 ropes 38 will slide along 4the fluted .grooves 42.
  • the combined action of the nylon collar 36 and the nylon wheel 39 imparts universal bearing action to each of the 6 ropes of the cable. This results in even sliding action overcoming the concentration of bending stresses on the strands by allowing for their mutual movement and realignment throughout the cables bending cycle.
  • the loosely wound spring is inserted into a flow metering port axially located in the connector 24.
  • This port 43 may be drilled after the connector has been formed by swaging. The diameter of the hole is varied to balance out the systems distribution of flow.
  • the -spring core 40 continues through the internal bearing 39 and acts as a core, jacketed by a perforated resilient tube whose internal diameter is 35% greater than the springs outs-ide diameter.
  • the lother end of the cable, i.e., the transformer end, is identical to that shown in FIG. 3 except the ports in the terminals become out-lets instead of inlet ports.
  • each rope consists of 14 strand groups arranged in an outer or peripheral :group 51 of 10 strand groups 51a, 51h, 51C, 51d, 51e, 51j, 51g, 51h, 51z ⁇ and 51j and an inner or core group 53 of 4 strand groups 53a, 53h, 53C and 53d.
  • The. sense of the twisting of each one of the strand groups is indicated by an arrow, it being noted that each ⁇ outer group of strands 51 is twisted oppositely from its adjacent strand group, group 51a being opposite to SIb-51j being opposite to 51a.
  • the groups 53a-53d of core groups 53 lare also twisted oppositely in the same manner as those of the outer group.
  • the groups of the core 53 are elliptical in cross section so that as a result the wear .points due to induced magnetic fields occur only at the six points 55. This reduces chafing.
  • a constant load of 18,000 amps was maintained at 200 times per minute consisting of 4 weld cycles or 22.2 duty cycle.
  • a sufficient water pressure differential was chosen at the beginning of the test in order to permit 2 GPM of coolant flow and thereafter maintained at this level.
  • Inlet iow temperature was maintained at 75 and the conductivity and water Hows allowed to vary decreasingly in accordance with the cables rate of deterioration until total failure resulted.
  • novel -cable of the present invention has identical construction both at the gun end and transformer end, these respective ends have different types of failures and, in practice, there is no system for confining the cables usage to a transformer end or a gun end. It must be interchangeable for both ends, and must be used by unskilled personnel.
  • the ends of the cable are built symmetrically although some functions of the components are not important at one or the other end of the cable.
  • a connector unit for an alternating polarity watercooled electric welding cable comprising in combination a flexible collar surrounding the cable in the vicinity of each end of the cable thereby providing a circumferential bearing surface for the cable ropes; an internally loc-ated support element in the form of a centrally bored body having helical grooves in its periphery, each of said 4grooves supporting one of the ropes constituting the cable; the helical angle of said grooves being approximately equal to the helical angle of the ropes constituting the cable, said flexible collar and internal body providing at the near end portions of the cable known to be susceptible to hot spots, sliding surfaces for the rope conductors enabling'free movement of the ropes and preventing chafng of the conductive wire strands of the ropes which would otherwise occur upon bending and twisting of the cable when in use; perforated tubular means located centrally of said cable for carry-ing coolant fluid introduced at the welding gun end of the cable and expelled at the transformer end of the cable; a first conductive connector element at each end of
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 inclu-ding a coiled metallic element located within said perforated tube, the coolant thereby being accessible to the cable rope elements at the hot region of the cable.
  • said first conductive connector element has a circumferential manifold groove having end apertures and connecting with two spiraling flow channels to distribute coolant flow over the outer rope conductors of the cable, said manifold groove being supplied with coolant from the aperture at each of the manifold.
  • said first connector includes a terminal connector tang insulated therefrom and ⁇ having a coolant flow space therebetween, the outer surface of said tang being in doubly beveled form; a conductive tank on said second conductive connector having an internal surface doubly beveled for close overlap tit with said first tang; and positive and negative terminal conductor elements insulated from each other and connected electrically to said first and second connector elements.
  • Apparatus according to claim 4 including a block separating said positive and negative terminal conductor elements, said block having aperture means therein in uid coupling relation with the central aperture means of said second connector element.
  • each rope of the cable comprises 14 groups of strands consisting of 4 groups forming a core section and 10 groups forming a peripheral section surrounding said core section, said core strand groups being essentially elliptic-al in transverse cross section, adjacent strand groups of both said peripheral and core sections being alternately oppositely twisted, whereby there are provided six wear points in each of said groups, said core section being structurally stable to support the peripheral groups.

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  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
US450421A 1965-04-23 1965-04-23 Passageway structure for liquid coolant at gun and transformer ends of welding cable having novel internal surface bearing for alternate polarity strands Expired - Lifetime US3333044A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US450421A US3333044A (en) 1965-04-23 1965-04-23 Passageway structure for liquid coolant at gun and transformer ends of welding cable having novel internal surface bearing for alternate polarity strands
GB31414/65A GB1117401A (en) 1965-04-23 1965-07-23 A connector assembly for an electrical welding installation
DE19651590659 DE1590659C (de) 1965-04-23 1965-07-29 Wassergekühltes Schweißkabel
FR29640A FR1458366A (fr) 1965-04-23 1965-08-27 Dispositif de connexion pour câbles de soudage
BE683837D BE683837A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-04-23 1966-07-08
US640587A US3467767A (en) 1965-04-23 1967-05-23 Electrically conductive cable rope

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US450421A US3333044A (en) 1965-04-23 1965-04-23 Passageway structure for liquid coolant at gun and transformer ends of welding cable having novel internal surface bearing for alternate polarity strands

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US450421A Expired - Lifetime US3333044A (en) 1965-04-23 1965-04-23 Passageway structure for liquid coolant at gun and transformer ends of welding cable having novel internal surface bearing for alternate polarity strands
US640587A Expired - Lifetime US3467767A (en) 1965-04-23 1967-05-23 Electrically conductive cable rope

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US640587A Expired - Lifetime US3467767A (en) 1965-04-23 1967-05-23 Electrically conductive cable rope

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BE (1) BE683837A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1458366A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1117401A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US3448222A (en) * 1967-12-07 1969-06-03 Henry Greber Aerial conductor
US3456064A (en) * 1967-08-29 1969-07-15 William A Toto Connectors for flexible welding cable assemblies
US3467767A (en) * 1965-04-23 1969-09-16 William Toto Electrically conductive cable rope
US3746832A (en) * 1971-07-29 1973-07-17 Dover Corp Arc welding gun unitized gas hose and electrical control cord
JPS5333890U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-08-31 1978-03-24
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US5527994A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-06-18 Kasper; James J. Water cooled kickless cable and method
WO2002040221A3 (en) * 2000-11-16 2002-09-06 Ati Ind Automation Inc Apparatus for transferring current across a robotic tool changer
WO2007032391A1 (ja) * 2005-09-13 2007-03-22 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. 車両用導電体
US20080295998A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Integrated water current connection for motor drive
US20110207340A1 (en) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-25 Teledyne Odi, Inc. Robotically Mateable Rotary Joint Electrical Connector
US8305760B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2012-11-06 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Modular high-power drive stack cooled with vaporizable dielectric fluid
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SE513555C2 (sv) 1997-11-27 2000-10-02 Abb Ab Förfarande för applicering av ett rörorgan i ett utrymme i en roterande elektrisk maskin och roterande elektrisk maskin enligt förfarandet
GB2331858A (en) 1997-11-28 1999-06-02 Asea Brown Boveri A wind power plant
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US3065290A (en) * 1961-02-09 1962-11-20 Gar Wood Ind Inc Water-cooled cable
US3127467A (en) * 1962-04-13 1964-03-31 William A Toto Welding cable assembly

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3467767A (en) * 1965-04-23 1969-09-16 William Toto Electrically conductive cable rope
US3456064A (en) * 1967-08-29 1969-07-15 William A Toto Connectors for flexible welding cable assemblies
US3448222A (en) * 1967-12-07 1969-06-03 Henry Greber Aerial conductor
US3746832A (en) * 1971-07-29 1973-07-17 Dover Corp Arc welding gun unitized gas hose and electrical control cord
JPS5333890U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-08-31 1978-03-24
US4198111A (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-04-15 Nu-Core, Inc. Means and method of securing welding cable conductors to their terminal components
JPS5661705A (en) * 1979-10-23 1981-05-27 Hitachi Cable Disconnection resistant flexible electric wire
US4487990A (en) * 1983-11-17 1984-12-11 Essex Group, Inc. Simplified water-cooled welding cable terminal
US4937417A (en) * 1987-06-25 1990-06-26 Douglas Call, Jr. Metal spraying apparatus
US4855532A (en) * 1987-10-16 1989-08-08 Obara Corporation Welding cable
US4868348A (en) * 1987-10-16 1989-09-19 Obara Corporation Welding cable
EP0447946A1 (de) * 1990-03-20 1991-09-25 ERNST & ENGBRING GmbH Elektronikkabel
US5527994A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-06-18 Kasper; James J. Water cooled kickless cable and method
WO2002040221A3 (en) * 2000-11-16 2002-09-06 Ati Ind Automation Inc Apparatus for transferring current across a robotic tool changer
US6533594B1 (en) 2000-11-16 2003-03-18 Ati Industrial Automation Apparatus and method for transferring secondary current across a robotic tool changer
WO2007032391A1 (ja) * 2005-09-13 2007-03-22 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. 車両用導電体
US20090167078A1 (en) * 2005-09-13 2009-07-02 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd. Vehicle conductor
US20080295998A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-04 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Integrated water current connection for motor drive
US8699210B2 (en) * 2007-05-31 2014-04-15 Siemens Industry, Inc. Integrated water current connection for motor drive
US8305760B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2012-11-06 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Modular high-power drive stack cooled with vaporizable dielectric fluid
US8760855B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2014-06-24 Parker Hannifin Corporation Modular high-power drive stack cooled with vaporizable dielectric fluid
US20110207340A1 (en) * 2010-02-19 2011-08-25 Teledyne Odi, Inc. Robotically Mateable Rotary Joint Electrical Connector
US8900000B2 (en) * 2010-02-19 2014-12-02 Teledyne Odi, Inc. Robotically mateable rotary joint electrical connector
US11217972B2 (en) * 2019-05-07 2022-01-04 Nexans Installation for high-voltage electric cables

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE683837A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-12-16
FR1458366A (fr) 1966-03-04
US3467767A (en) 1969-09-16
DE1590659A1 (de) 1972-02-24
GB1117401A (en) 1968-06-19
DE1590659B2 (de) 1972-11-02

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