Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
  • C11D3/3773—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines in liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
  • C11D3/3765—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions in liquid compositions

Definitions

• liquid soaps which may comprise for example the potassium salts of certain pure fatty acids and which may be contained for example in a vessel which is enabled to dispense the liquid when required.
• These liquid soaps are still unsatisfactory in certain respects however, particularly in that they allow the formation of insoluble scum deposits with hard water.
• the appearance which is associated with the hand lotion may be imparted to a liquid synthetic detergent by incorporating in the detergent an aqueous dispersion of a polymer of styrene or of a substituted styrene or of certain copolymers thereof.
• an opaque liquid detergent composition which contains a liquid synthetic detergent or a mixture of synthetic detergents and an aqueous dispersion of a polymer of styrene or of a substituted styrene or of a copolymer obtained by copolymerising a major proportion by weight of styrene or of a substituted styrene with a minor proportion by weight of a monomer or mixture of monomers which is copolymerisable therewith.
• a liquid synthetic detergent we mean any liquid nonionic, anionic or cationic detergent or mixture of such detergents.
• nonionic detergent there may be mentioned for example the condensates of ethylene oxide with the alkylphenols, the fatty alcohols, the fatty acids and the fatty acid mono and dialkanolamides.
• anionic detergents there may be mentioned the alkyl benzene sulphonates, the sulphated alkylphenol/alkylene oxide condensates and sulphated primary and secondary fatty alcohols.
• the cationic detergents there may be mentioned the higher alkyl trimethylammonium halides, the higher alkyl pyridinium halides and the alkyl dimethyl arylammonium halides.
• the opaque detergent composition any of the materials which are conventionally employed in the formulation of detergent compositions.
• the builders such as for example tetrasodium pyro phosphate, sodium, potassium, ammonium and alkanolamine hexametaphosphates and pentasodium tripolyphosphate, optical whitening agents, colouring agents, foaming agents and soil suspending agents for example carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
• the opaque liquid detergent composition may contain an aqueous dispersion of polystyrene itself or an aqueous dispersion of a polymer from a substituted styrene, for example, vinyltoluene, ethyl, ethoxy, methoxy, chloro or bromo substituted styrenes or any other of those ring sub stituted styrenes which may be polymerised or copolymcrised in aqueous emulsion by means of free-radical catalysts.
• a substituted styrene for example, vinyltoluene, ethyl, ethoxy, methoxy, chloro or bromo substituted styrenes or any other of those ring sub stituted styrenes which may be polymerised or copolymcrised in aqueous emulsion by means of free-radical catalysts.
• it may contain an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer obtained by copolymerising a major proportion by weight of styrene or of a substituted styrene with a minor proportion by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerisable with styrene or a substituted styrene.
• monomers there may be mentioned acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic and methacrylic esters, acrylic and methacrylic nitriles, butadiene and maleic acid.
• aqueous dispersions of copolymers of styrene obtained by copolymerising a major proportion by weight of styrene with a minor proportion by weight of a monomer or mixture of monomers as hereinbefore defined which contain a hydrophilic group.
• monomers there may be mentioned acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
• the monomer containing a hydrophilic group or -a mixture of such monomers comprises a minor proportion by weight of the copolymer and preferably comprises from 1% to 25% of the copolymer.
• Aqueous dispersions of such polymers or copolymers may be obtained by methods known in themselves, for example by using conventional emulsion polymerisation techniques.
• the opacity of a given suspension is expressed as the specific turbidity (T/C) o where 'r is the turbidity, that is the coefiicient of apparent absorption of light resulting from its scattering, and c the concentration of the solid phase.
• Table H of the paper sets out the relationship between specific turbidity and two parameters m and a, where m is the ratio ,a M between the refractive indices of the solid and the liquid and a is 1r where D is the diameter of the particles, assumed spherical, and A is wavelength of the incident light.
• the polymer is polystyrene having a refractive index of 1.6
• the liquid detergent has a refractive index of 1.4
• T/C theoretical maximum specific turbidity
• 1 corresponding to a diameter for the particles of 1.3 microns. If the particle diameter is 0.1 microns the theoretical specific turbidity is 5.7 cm.- and if it is '2.7 microns the theoretical specific turbidity is 191 emf showing a decrease from the maximum in each case.
• composition of our invention which contain an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of a major proportion by weight of styrene with a minor proportion by weight of a monomer containing a hydrophilic group
• diameters of the majority of the particles of the copolymer in the dispersion shall fall within the range 0.1 micron to 4.0 microns.
• the polymer or copolymer comprises from 0.01 to 5.0% by weight of the total weight of the detergent composition.
• a water soluble polymer for example a water soluble cellulose derivative such as a hydroxyethyl or carboxymethyl cellulose, a polyacrylic or methacrylic salt, a polyvinyl alcohol or a starch or starch derivative in aqueous solution.
• a water soluble polymer for example a water soluble cellulose derivative such as a hydroxyethyl or carboxymethyl cellulose, a polyacrylic or methacrylic salt, a polyvinyl alcohol or a starch or starch derivative in aqueous solution.
• the opaque detergent compositions may be prepared for example by adding the components of the formulation to water and agitating to obtain a homogeneous composition.
• Example 1 A series of opaque liquid detergent compositions are prepared having the compositions set out in the following table:
• Example 2 An opaque liquid detergent composition is prepared having the following composition:
• Example 4 If in the opaque liquid detergent composition of Example 3 the 0.01 part of the 90/ 10 styrene/ acrylic acid copolymer at 40% solids are replaced by 0.01 part of a 40% aqueous dispersion of polystyrene a similar opaque liquid detergent composition is obtained.
• Example 5 If in Example 1 the parts by weight of the 90/ 10 styrene/acrylamide copolymer at 40% solids in the detergents number from 1 to 8 in the table are replaced by equal parts by weight of a 90/ 10 styrene/methacrylamide copolymer at 40% solids or of a 90/10 vinyltoluene/ aerylamide copolymer at 40% solids similar series of opaque liquid detergent compositions are obtained.
• Example 6 If in the opaque liquid detergent composition of Example 3 the 0.01 part of the 90/ 10 styrene/ acrylic acid copolymer at 40% solids are replaced by 0.01 part of a /5 styrene/ acrylic acid copolymer at 40% solids or by 0.01 part of a vinyltoluene/acrylic acid copolymer at 40% solids similar opaque liquid detergent compositions are obtained.
• Example 7 Aqueous dispersions of a copolymer of styrene and aerylamide (90/ 10) at 40% solids having different particle size characteristics were prepared. These dispersions were used to prepare detergent compositions having the same composition as Detergent No. 1 of Example 1. The optical densities were determined on the basis of a 0.5% aqueous dilution (by volume) using a 1 cm. cell and a 602 filter. Particle size was determined by electron micro- Detergent Numbers 1 2 3 4 Llssapol NX Sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate Sodium xylene sulphonate Ammonium dodecylbenzene sulphonate.
• Example 8 A dispersion of polystyrene stablilised with an anionic dispersant and having a solids content of 45%, is modified by the addition of a 50% aqueous solution of a hydroxyethyl cellulose, the latter being added to the polymer dispersion in such amount as to give a polystyrene/hydroxyethyl cellulose ratio of 100/5 parts by weight.
• This stabilised polystyrene dispersion was then used to opacity a detergent.
• the unmodified, anionically stabilised polystyrene readily settled in the detergent mix
• the colloidally stabilised particles obtained by the addition of the hydroxyethyl cellulose to the polystyrene showed only a slight tendency to settle on storage.
• An opaque liquid detergent composition consisting essentially of a liquid synthetic detergent selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic and non-ionic synthetic detergents or mixtures thereof and an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer of styrene with at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, said monomer comprising from 1% to 25% by weight of said copolymer, and said copolymer comprising from 0.01% to 5.0% by weight of said detergent composition in which the majority of the particles of said copolymer have diameters greater than 0.1 micron and less than 4.0 microns.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (14)

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Citations (3)

• 1963
  • 1963-02-15 GB GB6209/63A patent/GB985503A/en not_active Expired
• 1964
  • 1964-01-31 US US341745A patent/US3326807A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1964-02-05 AU AU40515/64A patent/AU286192B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1964-02-14 FR FR963907A patent/FR1382670A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1964-02-14 NL NL646401369A patent/NL140566B/xx unknown
  • 1964-02-14 SE SE1831/64A patent/SE318356B/xx unknown
  • 1964-08-14 BE BE643864A patent/BE643864A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (3)

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