US3323314A - Cold-gas refrigerator - Google Patents

Cold-gas refrigerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3323314A
US3323314A US528232A US52823266A US3323314A US 3323314 A US3323314 A US 3323314A US 528232 A US528232 A US 528232A US 52823266 A US52823266 A US 52823266A US 3323314 A US3323314 A US 3323314A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
expansion
piston
space
expansion space
compression
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US528232A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dros Albert August
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
Original Assignee
US Philips Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3323314A publication Critical patent/US3323314A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/02—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having pistons and displacers in the same cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/30—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cold-gas refrigerators of the two-piston type comprising at least one compression piston and at least one expansion piston which can reciprocate with a mutual phase difference and the centre lines of which are substantially coincident.
  • Said pistons can vary through their adjacent surfaces the volumes of a compression space and an expansion space which spaces have different mean temperatures during operation and communicate with each other through at least one regenerator.
  • the machine also includes at least one further expansion space of variable volume, which is connected to a portion of the connection between the first-mentioned expansion space and the compression space which lies between the coldest and the hottest end surfaces of the regenerator.
  • a cold-gas refrigerator according to the invention has for its purpose to obviate the above-mentioned disadvantages and, to this end, is characterized in that during operation the expansion space has the lowest mean temperature and is situated farthest away in the interior of the machine as viewed in the direction of the centre line of the machine, the further expansion space or spaces surrounding the expansion piston so that these spaces are further remote from the expansion space as their temperatures are higher, the piston surfaces which can vary the volume of the further expansion space or spaces being connected to the expansion piston, the passage of the regenerator or regenerators in the connection between the expansion space and the compression space decreasing, as viewed in the direction of the expansion space, after each area where this connection is coupled to a further expansion space.
  • a two-piston cold-gas refrigerator is thus obtained having a plurality of expansion spaces without introducing additional movable parts.
  • the loss of cold flowing from the expansion space to the atmosphere is limited due to the expansion space and the atmoshp-ere being separated by the further expansion spaces which have a low temperature but higher than that of the expansion space.
  • the expansion piston is thus surrounded by a plurality of temperature levels which bridge, as it were, the very low temperature of expansion and the ambient temperature.
  • the expansion piston comprises a plurality of parts having diameters which decrease in the direction of the compression piston, the end surface of the final part of the expansion piston being capable of varying the volume of the expansion space, whilst each of the annular piston surfaces formed by the transition between two piston parts of different diameters can vary the volume of a further expansion space, the cyclindrical regenerator comprising the same number of parts as the expansion piston, which parts have decreasing diameters in the direction of the expansion space, the regenerator being connected to one of the further expansion spaces at each transition between two parts thereof.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the cold-gas re frigerator according to the invention comprises an expansion cylinder with an expansion piston adapted to move therein and one or more cylinders parallel thereto and in each of which a further piston can move for varying a further expansion space, the expansion piston and the further pistons being connected together and the walls of each of the further expansion spaces being connected to the expansion cylinder in a thermally conductive manner.
  • FIGURES 1, 2 and 3 show three embodiments of coldgas refrigerators of the two-piston type.
  • FIG. 1 shows cylinders 1 and 4 in which a compression 2 and an expansion piston 3 respectively can reciprocate.
  • the compression and expansion pistons can move with a mutual phase difference, the compression piston 2 varying the volume of a compression space 5.
  • the expansion piston 3 comprises two parts 6 and 7 of different diameters. Upon movement the end surface of part 6 varies the volume of an expansion space 8. An annular surface 9 formed by the transition between the two parts 6 and 7 varies the volume of a further expansion space 10.
  • the expansion space 8 and the compression space 5 communicate with each other through a freezer 11, :a regenerator 12 and a cooler 13.
  • the regenerator 12 comprises two parts 14 and 15 of diiferent diameters, the part 14 which is nearest to the expansion space having the smaller diameter.
  • a plurality of ducts 16 which connect the further expansion space 10 to the regenerator are connected to the regenerator at the transition between the parts 14 and 15.
  • Said ducts may be formed as a freezer over part of their length, which part is preferably connected to part 15 of the regenerator.
  • FIG. 1 An important advantage of the construction shown in FIG. 1 is that the coldest expansion space lies farthest remote in the machine. Between the expansion space 8 and the crank space there is the further expansion space 10 which also has a low temperature but higher than that of the expansion space 8 the leakage of cold from the space 8 to the crank space is thus greatly counteracted.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cold-gas refrigerator which is roughly identical with that of FIG. 1 except that the expansion piston now comprises three parts 6, 7 and 20. This results in two annular surfaces which can vary the volumes of the further expansion spaces and 21.
  • the regenerator now also comprises three parts 14, and 22, and ducts 16 connected to the expansion space 10 are again provided at the transition between the parts 14 and 15. Further the expansion space 21 is connected through ducts 23 to the transition area between the parts 15 and 22 of the regenerator.
  • the expansion space 8 is thus thermally separated from the atmosphere by the temperature barriers formed by the expansion spaces 10 and 21. Leakage of cold is thus greatly counteracted.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cold-gas refrigerator of the two-piston type in which an expansion piston 36 connected through a yoke 40 to a rim of further expansion pistons 37.
  • Each piston 37 is housed in a cylinder 41 which extends in parallel with a cylinder 42 in which the expansion piston 36 can move.
  • the pistons 37 can vary the volumes of the further expansion spaces present in cylinder 41 which are connected through ducts 16 to part 15 of the regenerator.
  • the cylinders 41 are connected to the cylinder 42, at 45, in a heat-conductive manner.
  • another zone is created between the expansion space 8 and the atmosphere, which zone is maintained at a temperature comprised between the temperature of expansion and the ambient temperature.
  • the loss of cold on the expansion space 8 to the atmosphere is counteracted.
  • the cylinders 41 may have different lengths so that more than one temperature barrier is obtained.
  • the invention affords the possibility to manufacture a cold-gas refrigerator of a comparatively simple construction which combines the advantages of the two-piston type machine with the advantages of machines having a plurality of expansion spaces.
  • a cold-gas refrigerator of the two-piston type having a crankcase comprising at least one cylinder, at least one compression piston and at least one expansion piston reciprocating with a mutual phase difference and together with the cylinder defining a compression space and an expansion space, the center lines of said pistons being substantially coincident, said pistons being adapted to vary through their adjacent surfaces the volume of said compression and expansion spaces, said spaces having a different mean temperature, communicating means between said compression and expansion spaces including a regenerator, an additional expansion space of variable volume, means connecting said additional expansion space with the communicating means between said compression and expansion spaces which is located between the end surfaces of said regenerator, the expansion space having the lowest mean temperature being located further away from said crankcase than said additional expansion space, the latter surrounding said expansion piston, said expansion piston having surfaces which can vary the volume of said additional expansion space, and said regenerator having stepped portions with the smallest portion being closer to said expansion space.
  • a cold-gas regenerator as claimed in claim 1 further comprising at least one additional cylinder extending parallel to said cylinder, an additional piston reciprocally mounted in said additional cylinder for varying a further expansion space, means connecting said expansion piston and additional piston, the walls of said further expansion space being connected to said cylinder in a heat conducting manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
US528232A 1965-03-10 1966-02-17 Cold-gas refrigerator Expired - Lifetime US3323314A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL6503020A NL6503020A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-03-10 1965-03-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3323314A true US3323314A (en) 1967-06-06

Family

ID=19792616

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US528232A Expired - Lifetime US3323314A (en) 1965-03-10 1966-02-17 Cold-gas refrigerator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3323314A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE677510A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH456661A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1501102A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1135066A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6503020A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE317984B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3736761A (en) * 1971-08-09 1973-06-05 Philips Corp Cryogenic refrigerator
US4619112A (en) * 1985-10-29 1986-10-28 Colgate Thermodynamics Co. Stirling cycle machine

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3147600A (en) * 1963-06-19 1964-09-08 Malaker Lab Inc Multi-stage cryogenic engine
US3151466A (en) * 1963-08-16 1964-10-06 Little Inc A Closed-cycle cryogenic refrigerator and apparatus embodying same
US3200201A (en) * 1961-12-29 1965-08-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Interpolation signaling

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3200201A (en) * 1961-12-29 1965-08-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Interpolation signaling
US3147600A (en) * 1963-06-19 1964-09-08 Malaker Lab Inc Multi-stage cryogenic engine
US3151466A (en) * 1963-08-16 1964-10-06 Little Inc A Closed-cycle cryogenic refrigerator and apparatus embodying same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3736761A (en) * 1971-08-09 1973-06-05 Philips Corp Cryogenic refrigerator
US4619112A (en) * 1985-10-29 1986-10-28 Colgate Thermodynamics Co. Stirling cycle machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE677510A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-09-08
CH456661A (de) 1968-07-31
DE1501102A1 (de) 1970-01-08
GB1135066A (en) 1968-11-27
SE317984B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-01
NL6503020A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-09-12

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