US3318423A - Vehicle brake part - Google Patents
Vehicle brake part Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3318423A US3318423A US396275A US39627564A US3318423A US 3318423 A US3318423 A US 3318423A US 396275 A US396275 A US 396275A US 39627564 A US39627564 A US 39627564A US 3318423 A US3318423 A US 3318423A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- brake part
- brake
- carbon
- vehicle brake
- austenitic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/04—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor
- F16D65/06—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for externally-engaging brakes
- F16D65/062—Bands, shoes or pads; Pivots or supporting members therefor for externally-engaging brakes engaging the tread of a railway wheel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
Definitions
- the phosphorus content has been increased, in some cases up to 1.5%, or small additions of chromium up to 1.5%, and of molybdenum or vanadium up to a few tenths of a percent, have been made. Wear has thus been reduced somewhat, but the braking effect was impaired, and to some extent, the braking surface of the wheel or tyre has been damaged.
- This invention now consists in that a vehicle brake part subjected to stress by sliding friction is made of a highcarbon, austenitic iron alloy having a proportion of free carbon.
- austenite formers-nickel and manganeseit has been found advantageous to add also a certain copper content, which dissolves in the austenite, and may amount to from about 0.5 to 4%. It is furthermore advantageous to imbed in the groundmass, in addition to austenite, hard constituents, such as carbides, phosphides and so forth.
- hard constituents such as carbides, phosphides and so forth.
- iron carbide and carbides of carbideforming elements such as chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and titanium, as well as phosphorus.
- the addition of chromium may amount to about 0.5 to 3%, that of molybdenum, vanadium and titanium each to about 0.1 to 1% and that of phosphorus to about 0.6 to 1.5%.
- Part of the carbon is present in the alloy in the free form as lamellar or spheroidal graphite.
- the latter form of graphite is obtained by treatment with the addition of magnesium or cerium or both.
- Such an austenitic cast iron for brake parts has, for example, the following typical analysis:
- the invention may be used not only for brake shoes, acting on the wheel rims of railway vehicles, but also for other brake parts, which are subjected to stress by sliding friction, for example for brake discs.
- a vehicle frictional brake part subjected to stress by sliding friction consisting of a high-carbon, austenitic iron alloy having a proportion of free carbon.
- a brake part according to claim 2 in which for austenite formation, part of the nickel has been replaced by manganese from 0.5% to 7%.
- a brake part according to claim 1 in which the material contains 0.5 to 3% chromium.
- a brake part according to claim 1 in which the material is subjected to a heat treatment by annealing between 800 C. and 1000 C.
- a vehicle frictional brake part subjected to stress by sliding friction consisting of a high-carbon austenitic iron alloy having a proportion of free carbon, comprising the components nickel, carbon, silicon, copper, manganese, phosphorus, chromium, sulphur substantially in the proportions" 19%, 2.8%, 2.3%, 24.0%, 1.5%, 0.6%,
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
3,318,423 Patented May 9, 1967 3,318,423 VEHICLE BRAKE PART Walter Dunki, Zurich, Switzerland, assignor to Escher Wyss Aktiengesellschaft, Zurich, Switzerland, a corporation of Switzerland No Drawing. Filed Sept. 8, 1964, Ser. No. 396,275 Claims priority, application Switzerland, Oct. 10, 1963, 12,453/ 63 11 Claims. (Cl. 188-251) Percent Carbon 3 to 3.3 Graphite 2 to 2.5 Silicon 1.8 Phosphorus 60.8 Sulphur 0.15 Manganese 0.45
With vehicle brake parts subjected to stress by sliding friction it is intended to obtain a good braking effect, and also the wheels or wheel rims should be protected as much as possible. In vehicle brake parts subjected to stress, considerable wear is an undesirable occurrence. The wear dust consists partly of reddish-brown rust, which can be very troublesome. As the result of Wear, the brake parts have always to be replaced after a comparatively short service period. Attempts have already been made, inter alia by varying the alloy composition, to effect a reduction in wear. Thus, for example, the phosphorus content has been increased, in some cases up to 1.5%, or small additions of chromium up to 1.5%, and of molybdenum or vanadium up to a few tenths of a percent, have been made. Wear has thus been reduced somewhat, but the braking effect was impaired, and to some extent, the braking surface of the wheel or tyre has been damaged. Heretofore, it has not been possible to employ successfully brake shoes of such cast iron, or they have not been accepted in practice.
This invention now consists in that a vehicle brake part subjected to stress by sliding friction is made of a highcarbon, austenitic iron alloy having a proportion of free carbon.
It has been surprisingly found that brake parts of the aforesaid material have excellent service properties. This was not to be expected, since such a material costs several times more than, for example, the material used heretofore for brake shoes, and it is only possible because unexpected braking properties are obtained by means of such austenitic material, namely very low wear coupled with the best braking effect and maximum protection, for example, also of wheels and tyres. By this means, the resulting life is increased by several times, so that despite the high cost, the result is a considerable economic advantage. Austenitic structure of the material is preferably obtained by a nickel addition of between and '25 Some of the nickel may also be replaced by manganese in an amount of between 0.5% and 7%.
In addition to the two austenite formers-nickel and manganeseit has been found advantageous to add also a certain copper content, which dissolves in the austenite, and may amount to from about 0.5 to 4%. It is furthermore advantageous to imbed in the groundmass, in addition to austenite, hard constituents, such as carbides, phosphides and so forth. The following come into consideration for this purpose: iron carbide and carbides of carbideforming elements such as chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and titanium, as well as phosphorus. The addition of chromium may amount to about 0.5 to 3%, that of molybdenum, vanadium and titanium each to about 0.1 to 1% and that of phosphorus to about 0.6 to 1.5%.
Part of the carbon is present in the alloy in the free form as lamellar or spheroidal graphite. The latter form of graphite is obtained by treatment with the addition of magnesium or cerium or both. Such an austenitic cast iron for brake parts has, for example, the following typical analysis:
Percent Carbon 2.8 Silicon 2.3 Phosphorus 0.6 Sulphur 0.06 Nickel 19 Manganese 1.5 Copper 2.0 Chromium 0.1
Ordinary Austenitic cast iron cast iron Tensile strength, kg/n'nn. 15 to 20 35 Elongation, percent 1 10 to 40 Notch impact toughness, kgm./cm. 0. 3 3 Brinell hardness, kgJmrn. 180 to 250 to 60 It must also be pointed out that austenitic cast iron for brake parts practically does not rust or is almost rustless.
The invention may be used not only for brake shoes, acting on the wheel rims of railway vehicles, but also for other brake parts, which are subjected to stress by sliding friction, for example for brake discs.
What is claimed is:
1. A vehicle frictional brake part subjected to stress by sliding friction, consisting of a high-carbon, austenitic iron alloy having a proportion of free carbon.
2. A brake part according to claim 1, in which the austenitic structure comprises a nickel addition of 10% to 25%.
3. A brake part according to claim 2, in which for austenite formation, part of the nickel has been replaced by manganese from 0.5% to 7%.
4. A brake part according to claim 1, in which the material contains 0.5 to 4% copper.
5. A brake part according to claim 1, in which the material contains 0.5 to 3% chromium.
6. A brake part according to claim 1, in which the material also contains addition of 0.1 to 1% of at least one of the materials molybdenum, vanadium and titanium.
7. A brake part according to claim 1, in which the material contains 0.6 to 1.5% phosphorus.
8. A brake part according to claim 1, in which the carbon content is present partly in carbide form and partly as free carbon (lamellae graphite).
9. A brake part'according to claim 1, in which the free carbon is presentin spheroidal form.
10. A brake part according to claim 1, in which the material is subjected to a heat treatment by annealing between 800 C. and 1000 C.
11. A vehicle frictional brake part subjected to stress by sliding friction consisting of a high-carbon austenitic iron alloy having a proportion of free carbon, comprising the components nickel, carbon, silicon, copper, manganese, phosphorus, chromium, sulphur substantially in the proportions" 19%, 2.8%, 2.3%, 24.0%, 1.5%, 0.6%,
0.1%, 0.06%, respectively.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 7/1958 Guenzi 75---125 9/1962 Schelleng et al. 75-123 FOREIGN PATENTS 807,302 10/1936 France.
Claims (1)
1. A VEHICLE FRICTIONAL BRAKE PART SUBJECTED TO STRESS BY SLIDING FRICTION, CONSISTING OF A HIGH-CARBON, AUSTENITIC IRON ALLOY HAVING A PROPORTION OF FREE CARBON.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1245363A CH422352A (en) | 1963-10-10 | 1963-10-10 | Part of a brake for a vehicle that is exposed to the stress of sliding friction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3318423A true US3318423A (en) | 1967-05-09 |
Family
ID=4383156
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US396275A Expired - Lifetime US3318423A (en) | 1963-10-10 | 1964-09-08 | Vehicle brake part |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3318423A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT260971B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE652625A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH422352A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1608724B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES304832A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI42337B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1085715A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6409376A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE305666B (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3393776A (en) * | 1967-03-08 | 1968-07-23 | Kelsey Hayes Co | Integral hub and brake disk |
| US3620334A (en) * | 1967-07-07 | 1971-11-16 | Albright & Wilson | Frictional-retarding means |
| US3767386A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1973-10-23 | Kaisha K Uedasa Chuzo Sho | Compound cast-iron for making brake shoes |
| US3791493A (en) * | 1970-12-05 | 1974-02-12 | Nippon Carbon Co Ltd | Friction elements for braking rotary bodies |
| US3948364A (en) * | 1973-02-28 | 1976-04-06 | Friction Products Co. | Single mixture metallic brake or clutch plate |
| WO2015196037A1 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2015-12-23 | Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. | Reduced-diameter brake rotor for heavy-duty vehicles |
| US10392749B2 (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2019-08-27 | A. Celli Paper S.P.A. | Yankee dryer cylinder with controlled thermal expansion |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH653961A5 (en) * | 1981-09-15 | 1986-01-31 | Fischer Ag Georg | Hub with bremskoerper for physical or wagon. |
| US5323883A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1994-06-28 | Nissan Motor Company, Limited | Friction device |
| EP0360254A3 (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1992-04-08 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Friction device |
| EP1178235A3 (en) * | 2000-08-03 | 2004-01-07 | ArvinMeritor Technology, LLC | Long life brake drum and rotor |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR807302A (en) * | 1936-05-13 | 1937-01-09 | Krupp Fried Grusonwerk Ag | Cast iron alloy for the manufacture of wear-resistant parts subjected to high pressure and impact forces, in particular rolling mill rolls |
| US2842437A (en) * | 1955-08-29 | 1958-07-08 | Cie De Pont A Mousson | Austenitic nodular iron |
| US3055755A (en) * | 1961-06-30 | 1962-09-25 | Int Nickel Co | Austenitic ductile iron having high notch ductility at low temperature |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB279414A (en) * | 1926-10-21 | 1929-01-29 | Int Nickel Co | Improvements in and relating to chill cast iron alloys |
| GB378508A (en) * | 1931-05-14 | 1932-08-15 | British Cast Iron Res Ass | Improvements relating to cast iron |
-
1963
- 1963-10-10 CH CH1245363A patent/CH422352A/en unknown
-
1964
- 1964-02-06 DE DE19641608724 patent/DE1608724B1/en active Pending
- 1964-02-06 AT AT95364A patent/AT260971B/en active
- 1964-08-14 NL NL6409376A patent/NL6409376A/xx unknown
- 1964-08-17 FI FI1746/64A patent/FI42337B/fi active
- 1964-09-03 BE BE652625D patent/BE652625A/xx unknown
- 1964-09-08 US US396275A patent/US3318423A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-09-15 GB GB37631/64A patent/GB1085715A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-09-30 SE SE11762/64A patent/SE305666B/xx unknown
- 1964-10-10 ES ES0304832A patent/ES304832A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR807302A (en) * | 1936-05-13 | 1937-01-09 | Krupp Fried Grusonwerk Ag | Cast iron alloy for the manufacture of wear-resistant parts subjected to high pressure and impact forces, in particular rolling mill rolls |
| US2842437A (en) * | 1955-08-29 | 1958-07-08 | Cie De Pont A Mousson | Austenitic nodular iron |
| US3055755A (en) * | 1961-06-30 | 1962-09-25 | Int Nickel Co | Austenitic ductile iron having high notch ductility at low temperature |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3393776A (en) * | 1967-03-08 | 1968-07-23 | Kelsey Hayes Co | Integral hub and brake disk |
| US3620334A (en) * | 1967-07-07 | 1971-11-16 | Albright & Wilson | Frictional-retarding means |
| US3791493A (en) * | 1970-12-05 | 1974-02-12 | Nippon Carbon Co Ltd | Friction elements for braking rotary bodies |
| US3767386A (en) * | 1971-04-05 | 1973-10-23 | Kaisha K Uedasa Chuzo Sho | Compound cast-iron for making brake shoes |
| US3948364A (en) * | 1973-02-28 | 1976-04-06 | Friction Products Co. | Single mixture metallic brake or clutch plate |
| WO2015196037A1 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2015-12-23 | Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. | Reduced-diameter brake rotor for heavy-duty vehicles |
| AU2015276964B2 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2018-02-08 | Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. | Reduced-diameter brake rotor for heavy-duty vehicles |
| US9933029B2 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2018-04-03 | Hendrickson Usa, L.L.C. | Reduced-diameter brake rotor for heavy-duty vehicles |
| US10392749B2 (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2019-08-27 | A. Celli Paper S.P.A. | Yankee dryer cylinder with controlled thermal expansion |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL6409376A (en) | 1965-04-12 |
| GB1085715A (en) | 1967-10-04 |
| FI42337B (en) | 1970-03-31 |
| AT260971B (en) | 1968-04-10 |
| BE652625A (en) | 1964-12-31 |
| ES304832A1 (en) | 1965-03-16 |
| SE305666B (en) | 1968-11-04 |
| CH422352A (en) | 1966-10-15 |
| DE1608724B1 (en) | 1971-11-18 |
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