US3315349A - Method of producing hot-formed copper-base products - Google Patents

Method of producing hot-formed copper-base products Download PDF

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Publication number
US3315349A
US3315349A US498774A US49877465A US3315349A US 3315349 A US3315349 A US 3315349A US 498774 A US498774 A US 498774A US 49877465 A US49877465 A US 49877465A US 3315349 A US3315349 A US 3315349A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
hot
cast metal
copper
metal
forming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US498774A
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel B Cofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Southwire Co LLC
Original Assignee
Southwire Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Southwire Co LLC filed Critical Southwire Co LLC
Priority to US498774A priority Critical patent/US3315349A/en
Priority to SE14159/66A priority patent/SE318238B/xx
Priority to GB46685/66A priority patent/GB1100416A/en
Priority to DE19661558807 priority patent/DE1558807B2/de
Priority to JP41068854A priority patent/JPS5141584B1/ja
Priority to FR80873A priority patent/FR1497743A/fr
Priority to BE688612D priority patent/BE688612A/xx
Priority to NL6614846A priority patent/NL6614846A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3315349A publication Critical patent/US3315349A/en
Priority to ES371038A priority patent/ES371038A3/es
Priority to US00007779A priority patent/US3716423A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B3/003—Rolling non-ferrous metals immediately subsequent to continuous casting, i.e. in-line rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/003—Drawing materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special drawing methods or sequences
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/01—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion starting from material of particular form or shape, e.g. mechanically pre-treated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0605—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two belts, e.g. Hazelett-process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B2003/005—Copper or its alloys

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the production of copper-base products and, more particularly to a method of producing hot-formed copper-base products from molten metal.
  • This grain structure is obtained by solidifying molten metal to obtain cast metal and by hot-forming the cast metal in substantially the condition in which it solidified and in a manner which imparts substantial movement to the cast metal along a plurality of angularly disposed axes of deformation. Since the cast metal solidified from molten metal at a temperature above its hot-forming temperature, the hot-forming of the cast metal in substantially the condition in which it solidified permits the heating of the cast metal prior to hot-forming to be completely eliminated or to be used simply to adjust the hot-forming temperature of the cast metal immediately prior to hot-forming.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows one example of apparatus .suitable to practice the invention, this apparatus comprising a casting machine and a rolling mill having a plurality of roll stands;
  • FIG. 2 shows the transverse cross-sectional shapes of cast metal as it is hot-formed in a manner in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows the transverse cross-sectional shapes of cast metal as it is hot-formed in a manner not in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a photomicrograph of a portion of a transverse cross-sectional surface of a cast copper bar solidified in a continuous casting means such as the casting machine shown in FIG. 1 and cooled by quenching to cold forming temperature;
  • FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph of a portion of a trans- ICC verse cross-sectional surface of a copper rod produced by the invention
  • FIG. 6 is a photomicrograph of a portion of a transverse cross-sectional surface of a copper rod produced by solidifying molten metal in a continuous casting means such as the casting machine shown in FIG. 1 to obtain cast metal and hot-forming the cast metal in substantially the condition in which it solidified and in a manner generally represented by the transverse cross-sectional shapes of FIG. 3 and using a number of deformations equal to the number used in the hot-forming of the copper rod of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a photomicrograph of a portion of a transverse cross-secti-onal surface of the copper rod of FIG. 6 after four additional deformations during hot-forming.
  • the method of producing hot-formed copper-base products disclosed herein is best understood in terms of means suitable to its practice such as the apparatus schematically shown in FIG. 1 and which comprises a continuous casting machine 10 and a rolling mill 11.
  • the continuous casting machine 10 serves as a means for solidifying molten metal 9 to provide a cast bar 12 that is conveyed in substantially the condition in which it solidified from the continuous casting machine 10 to the rolling mill 11 which serves as a means for rot-forming the cast bar 12 into rod 16 or another hot-formed product in a manner which imparts substantial movement to the cast bar 12 along a plurality of angularly disposed axes.
  • the continuous casting machine 10 is of conventional casting wheel type having a casting wheel 13 with a casting groove (not shown) partially closed by an endless belt 14 supported by the casting wheel 13 and an idler pulley 15.
  • the casting wheel 13 and the endless belt 14 cooperate to provide a mold (not shown) into one end of which molten metal 9 is poured to solidify and from the other end of which the cast bar 12 is emitted in substantially that condition in which it solidified.
  • the rolling mill 11 is of conventional type having a plurality of roll stands 17 arranged to hot-form the cast bar 12 by a series of deformations.
  • the continuous casting machine 10 and the rolling mill 11 are positioned relative to each other so that the cast bar 12 enters the rolling mill 11 substantially immediately after solidification and in substantially that condition in which it solidified.
  • the cast bar 12 is at a hot-forming temperature within the range of temperatures for hotforming the cast bar 12 at the initiation of hot-forming without heating between the casting machine 10 and the rolling mill 11.
  • means for adjusting the temperature of the cast bar 12 may be placed between the continuous casting machine 10 and the rolling mill 11 without departing from the inventive concept disclosed herein.
  • the cast metal may be of any one of a plurality of lengths determined by the lengths of time the molten metal is solidified and may extend between the continuous casting machine 10 and the rolling mill 11.
  • the steps of solidifying molten metal to obtain cast metal and of hot-forming the cast metal are performed simultaneously.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 1 is shown only schematically because each'component of the apparatus is known to those skilled in the art and because once the invention is understood, it will be apparent to Patented Apr. 25, 1967 -fied from molten metal.
  • FIG. 2 The manner in which the means for hot-forming cast metal must hot-form the cast metal is best illustrated by reference to FIG. 2. From FIG. 2, it will be seen that as cast metal, such as the cast bar 12, is elongated into a hot-formed product such as rod 16, the cast metal has a plurality of transverse cross-sectional shapes which are alternately substantially flattened and substantially round.
  • Roll stands 17 of a rolling mill 11 having roll passes (not shown) which hot-form cast metal in a manner which results in these transverse cross-sectional shapes are well known to those skilled in the art and those skilled in the art will understand that this manner of hot-forming cast metal results in substantial movement of the cast metal not only along an axis of elongation but also along axes angularly disposed to the axis of elongation. It will also be understood that the hot-forming of a cast metal in a manner which imparts substantial movement to the cast metal along a plurality of angularly disposed axes may be accomplished by techniques of hot-forming other than that represented by the transverse cross-sectional shapes of FIG. 2.
  • the cast metal must enter the hot-forming means such as a rolling mill 11 while still in substantially that condition in which it solidi- That is, the cast metal must be substantially in its cast condition and not be cooled to cold working temperature and reheated or homogenized between its solidification from molten metal and the initiation of hot-forming.
  • the hot-forming means such as a rolling mill 11
  • the copper rod 19 of FIG. is representative of the hot-formed copper-base products produced by the invention.
  • This copper rod 19 was produced by solidifying molten copper-base metal in the continuous casting machine of FIG. 1 to obtain cast metal and.- by hotforming the cast metal in a rolling mill 11 by a series of deformations represented by the transverse cross-sectional shapes of FIG. 2 and in substantially that condition in which it solidified. More specifically, the copper rod 19 was produced by removing a cast bar 12 from the continuous casting machine 10 while its temperature was still in the range of temperatures at which copper is hot-formed and by initiating the hot-forming of the cast bar 12 while its temperature was still in this range and without heating between the casting machine 10 and rolling mill 11.
  • the copper rod 20 of FIG. 7 was produced by solidifying molten metal in the continuous casting machine 10- of FIG. 1 to obtain cast metal and by hot-forming the cast metal in a rolling mill 11 by a series of deformations represented by the transverse cross-sectioal shapes of FIG. 3 and in substantially that condition in which it solidified.
  • the copper rod 20' of FIG. 6 is identical to the copper rod 20 except that the copper rod 20' was deformed four fewer times in hot working than the copper rod 20 and the same number of times as the copper rod 19.
  • the copper rods 19, 20, and 20 were all produced with tough pitch copper and it will now be understood that the copper rod 19, the copper rod 20, and the copper rod 20' were all produced by solidifying molten metal in the continuous casting machine 10 shown in FIG. 1 to obtain cast metal which was hot-formed in substantially that condition in which it solidified.
  • the copper rod 19 was produced by solidifying molten copper-base metal in the continuous casting machine 10 shown in FIG. 1 to obtain cast metal and by hot-forming the cast metal in substantially that condition in which it solidified and in a manner represented by the transverse cross-sectional shapes of FIG. 2. That the copper rod 19 produced by the invention has a grain structure superior to that obtained by the methods represented by copper rods 20, and 20' is shown when FIGS. 5-7 are examined.
  • FIGS. 57 are photomicrographs.
  • the photomicrographs of FIGS. 5-7, as well as the photomicrograph of FIG. 4, were made at a magnification of X by slicing a transverse section from the particular copper rod shown and by mounting, polishing, etching and placing the transverse cross-sectional surface obtained in a metallograph in conventional manner.
  • both the copper rod 20 and the copper rod 20 have grains 30 of larger size and with more grain alignment as at 31 than the copper rod 19.
  • the hot-forming of cast metal in a manner which imparts substantial motion to the cast metal along a plurality of angularly disposed axes provides copper rod 19 having a grain structure superior to the grain structure of copper rods 20 or 20 which were produced by solidifying molten metal to obtain cast metal and by hot-forming the cast metal in substantially that condition in which it solidified, but in a' manner which did not impart substantial movement to the cast metal along a plurality of angularly disposed axes.
  • the invention achieves this superior grain structure with fewer deformations than were used in hot-forming the copper rod 20 even though the as cast grain structure of the cast metal for both the copper rod 19 and the copper rod 20 was substantially as shown in FIG. 4 prior to hot-forming.
  • a method of producing a hot-formed copper-base product having a grain structure characterized by uniformly distributed fine grains with substantially no grain alignment comprising the steps of solidifying a molten copper-base metal to obtain cast metal and of hot-forming said cast metal while said cast metal is in substantially that condition in which it solidified by deforming said cast metal a substantial number of times to cause said cast metal to assume a plurality of successive alternately difierent cross-sections which include several substantially flattened and elongated cross-sections and several substantially round cross-sections so as to impart substantial movement to said cast metal along a plurality of angularly disposed axes, said hot-forming serving to hot-form said product and to provide a grain structure characterized by uniformly distributed fine grains With substantially no grain alignment.
  • one of said axes is an axis of elongation of said cast metal and another said axes is an axis transverse to said axis of elongation.
  • step of solidifying the said molten copper-base metal provides cast metal in a plurality of lengths with each length being determined by the amount of said molten copper-base metal solidified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
US498774A 1965-10-20 1965-10-20 Method of producing hot-formed copper-base products Expired - Lifetime US3315349A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US498774A US3315349A (en) 1965-10-20 1965-10-20 Method of producing hot-formed copper-base products
SE14159/66A SE318238B (es) 1965-10-20 1966-10-18
GB46685/66A GB1100416A (en) 1965-10-20 1966-10-19 Method of producing hot-formed copper-base products
JP41068854A JPS5141584B1 (es) 1965-10-20 1966-10-20
DE19661558807 DE1558807B2 (de) 1965-10-20 1966-10-20 Verfahren zur herstellung von warmverformtem halbzeug aus kupferlegierungen
FR80873A FR1497743A (fr) 1965-10-20 1966-10-20 Procédé de fabrication d'un produit à base de cuivre façonné à chaud
BE688612D BE688612A (es) 1965-10-20 1966-10-20
NL6614846A NL6614846A (es) 1965-10-20 1966-10-20
ES371038A ES371038A3 (es) 1965-10-20 1969-08-30 Metodo para producir un producto a base de cobre, formado en caliente.
US00007779A US3716423A (en) 1965-10-20 1970-02-02 Hot-formed copper-base product

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US498774A US3315349A (en) 1965-10-20 1965-10-20 Method of producing hot-formed copper-base products

Publications (1)

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US3315349A true US3315349A (en) 1967-04-25

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US498774A Expired - Lifetime US3315349A (en) 1965-10-20 1965-10-20 Method of producing hot-formed copper-base products

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US (1) US3315349A (es)
JP (1) JPS5141584B1 (es)
BE (1) BE688612A (es)
DE (1) DE1558807B2 (es)
ES (1) ES371038A3 (es)
GB (1) GB1100416A (es)
NL (1) NL6614846A (es)
SE (1) SE318238B (es)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589429A (en) * 1968-05-29 1971-06-29 Voest Ag Method for continuous casting, cooling and shaping of metal bars
US3702629A (en) * 1969-08-25 1972-11-14 Metallurgie Hoboken Method for the continuous hot shaping of copper bars
US4352697A (en) * 1979-10-01 1982-10-05 Southwire Company Method of hot-forming metals prone to crack during rolling
US4354880A (en) * 1979-10-01 1982-10-19 Southwire Company Method of forge-conditioning non-ferrous metals prior to rolling
US4719964A (en) * 1983-12-02 1988-01-19 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for producing a metal wire
US4733717A (en) * 1986-02-24 1988-03-29 Southwire Company Method of and apparatus for casting and hot-forming copper metal and the copper product formed thereby

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2019496A (en) * 1933-05-24 1935-11-05 Frank J Kohlhaas Apparatus for producing copper and other metal rods and the like
GB465122A (en) * 1935-10-31 1937-04-30 Frank John Kohlhaas Apparatus for producing copper and other metal rods and the like
US3209452A (en) * 1961-05-05 1965-10-05 Moossche Eisenwerke Ag Method of producing bars or sections by continuous casting

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2019496A (en) * 1933-05-24 1935-11-05 Frank J Kohlhaas Apparatus for producing copper and other metal rods and the like
GB465122A (en) * 1935-10-31 1937-04-30 Frank John Kohlhaas Apparatus for producing copper and other metal rods and the like
US3209452A (en) * 1961-05-05 1965-10-05 Moossche Eisenwerke Ag Method of producing bars or sections by continuous casting

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589429A (en) * 1968-05-29 1971-06-29 Voest Ag Method for continuous casting, cooling and shaping of metal bars
US3702629A (en) * 1969-08-25 1972-11-14 Metallurgie Hoboken Method for the continuous hot shaping of copper bars
US4352697A (en) * 1979-10-01 1982-10-05 Southwire Company Method of hot-forming metals prone to crack during rolling
US4354880A (en) * 1979-10-01 1982-10-19 Southwire Company Method of forge-conditioning non-ferrous metals prior to rolling
US4719964A (en) * 1983-12-02 1988-01-19 Nippon Steel Corporation Method for producing a metal wire
US4733717A (en) * 1986-02-24 1988-03-29 Southwire Company Method of and apparatus for casting and hot-forming copper metal and the copper product formed thereby

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1558807B2 (de) 1973-08-30
NL6614846A (es) 1967-04-21
GB1100416A (en) 1968-01-24
JPS5141584B1 (es) 1976-11-10
BE688612A (es) 1967-03-31
ES371038A3 (es) 1971-08-01
SE318238B (es) 1969-12-08
DE1558807A1 (de) 1970-10-29

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