US3315078A - Optical feedback stabilizing circuit for a voltage source having a high internal resistance - Google Patents

Optical feedback stabilizing circuit for a voltage source having a high internal resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
US3315078A
US3315078A US315606A US31560663A US3315078A US 3315078 A US3315078 A US 3315078A US 315606 A US315606 A US 315606A US 31560663 A US31560663 A US 31560663A US 3315078 A US3315078 A US 3315078A
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United States
Prior art keywords
light
load
voltage
resistor
voltage source
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Expired - Lifetime
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US315606A
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English (en)
Inventor
Deelman Gerardus Jacobus
Schellekens Alphonsus Henricus
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/625—Regulating voltage or current  wherein it is irrelevant whether the variable actually regulated is AC or DC
    • G05F1/63—Regulating voltage or current  wherein it is irrelevant whether the variable actually regulated is AC or DC using variable impedances in series with the load as final control devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B15/00—Suppression or limitation of noise or interference
    • H04B15/005—Reducing noise, e.g. humm, from the supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/63—Generation or supply of power specially adapted for television receivers

Definitions

  • the invention has for an object to keep the voltage across the load substantially constant in a simple and efficient manner, and is characterized in that a series combination of a light-radiating element, a light-sensitive resistor and the load is connected to the voltage source.
  • the lightsensitive resistor is optically coupled to the light radiating element so as to regulate the load voltage.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a voltage regulator according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram useful in explaining the operation of a voltage regulator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the details of the mask arrangement of the arrangement shown in FIG. 3.
  • a voltage source U having a high internal resistance 12 is to be connected to a load 50.
  • the voltage source U may comprise, for example, the high-voltage generator of a television receiver having an of, for example, 15 kv. and an internal resistance of, for example, 1 mohm.
  • the series combination of a light-sensitive resistor 4, a light radiating element 3 and the load 50 is connected to the voltage source U.
  • the light radiating element may be a gas discharge tube, for example, a neon tube which is arranged to illuminate the photosensitive resistor 4.
  • the current across the gas discharge tube also varies, which current is equal to the current passing through the display tube.
  • the quantity of light emitted by the gas discharge tube 3 varies.
  • This light is received by the light-sensitive resistor 4.
  • the resistance value of the light-sensitive resistor 4 is changed. The resistance value decreases when the current I, and hence the quantity of emitted light, increases.
  • the voltage drop across the internal resistance 12 of the generator also increases.
  • the light-sensitive resistor and/or of the light radiating element it can be ensured that the increase in voltage drop across the internal resistance 12 is compensated substantially by the reduction in voltage drop across the light-sensitive resistor 4. It will be obvious that all other variable sources of light must be prevented from striking light-sensitive resistor 4 so that resistor 4 may respond exclusively to variations in light produced by the load variations.
  • a mask of suitable size on the light source and/or on the light-sensitive resistor may be arranged, as an alternative, a mask of suitable size on the light source and/or on the light-sensitive resistor. It is then necessary that the magnitude of the light spot produced by the light source be a function of the current passing through the light source.
  • the light spot produced by the source of light shifts as a function of the current passing through the light source, it can be ensured by a special shape of the sides of the mask, in addition to the variation in brightness, that the light from the light source 3 striking the light-sensitive resistor 4 varies in the desired manner as a function of the current flowing.
  • the light controls the resistance value of the branch including the elements 12, 3 and 4 in a manner such that the output voltage at the load resistor 50 remains at least substantially constant.
  • the design should preferably be such that the resistance variation of the resistor 4 with respect to the overall resistance of the elements 12, 3 and 4 has the same value as the variation of the current I with respect to the total current, or the resistance variation of the resistor 50 with respect to the value of this resistor.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an arrangement using the combination of a glow discharge tube in which the length of the glow discharge varies with the current and a triangular mask.
  • the circuit of FIG. 3 is similar to the circuit shown in FIG. 1 and includes a source of voltage U of high internal impedance 12. Connected in series therewith are a glow discharge tube 3, a photosensitive resistor 4, and the load 50 to be regulated.
  • the length of the glow produced by electrode 20 is a function of the current flow in the series circuit.
  • a light shield 22 having an aperture therein surrounds tube 3.
  • the photosensitive resistor 4 is positioned opposite the shield aperture.
  • a triangular mask 25 is interposed between the tube 3 and the photosensitive resistor 4.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the arrangement of mask, photosensitive resistor and glow electrode in greater detail.
  • the system of FIG. 3 regulates the load voltage in the manner described above.
  • the masks were papers of aquadag aflixed to the light source.
  • the masks were affixed to the cylindrical bulb of a neon glow discharge tube of the type disclosed in US. Patent 2,733,372.
  • the length of the glow discharge in such a tube is substantially proportional to the current strength through the tube.
  • the E.M.F. of the voltage source U was 500 volts and the internal resistance of the source was k9.
  • the light source 3 was a neon tube type 4662 and the light-sensitive resistor 4 was a CdS cell type ORP 32. r
  • the measured voltage V across the variable load 50 is illustrated in FIG. 2 as a function of the current I for three different shapes of the mask on the neon tube.
  • the papers of aquadag had a triangular shape, the height of which was about 3 cms.
  • the base of the triangle was given three diiferent values.
  • a gas discharge tube instead of a gas discharge tube, use may be made of a pn-recombination radiation source, i.e. a light radiating diode driven in the forward direction.
  • a pn-recombination radiation source i.e. a light radiating diode driven in the forward direction.
  • a fixed resistor may be connected in parallel with the variable load 50. In this way the voltage across the display tube is prevented from rising to an excessively high value in the absence of any current flow therein.
  • the light sensitive element 3 then should be connected between the terminal 1 and the lower side of the load resistor 50.
  • a circuit for regulating load voltage comprising, input terminals connected to a voltage source having a high internal impedance, a variable electrical load to be supplied from said voltage source, a light-radiating element, a photosensitive resistor, and means connecting said load, said light-radiating element and said photosensitive resistor in series circuit across said input terminals, said photosensitive resistor being positioned to receive light exclusively from said light-radiating element and being responsive thereto so that a given variation in the load impedance produces a change in the current flowing in said series circuit which causes the intensity of light received by said photosensitive resistor to vary in a sense and in an amount sufiicient to vary the resistance thereof to maintain the voltage across said load substantially constant.
  • a stabilizing circuit-arrangement as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a mask which is arranged between the light radiating element and the light-sensitive resistor and in that the size of the light spot produced by the light radiating element is a function of the current passing through said element.
  • a stabilizing circuit-arrangement as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a mask which, is aflixed to the light radiating element, and wherein said light-radiating element is a glow discharge tube having the characteristic that the length of the glow discharge is substantially proportional to the current passing through the tube.
  • a circuit as described in claim 5 further comprising a capacitor connected across the series combination of said photo-sensitive resistor and said light-radiating element.
  • a circuit for regulating load voltage comprising, input terminals connected to a voltage source having a high internal impedance, a variable electrical load to be supplied from said voltage source, a light source, a photosensitive resistor having the characteristic of a decrease in resistance with an increase of illumination, means connecting said load, said light source and said photosensitive resistor in series circuit across said input terminals, and means for optically coupling said photo-sensitive resistor exclusively with said light source so that the light striking said photosensitive resistor varies as a function of the current in said series circuit to produce a variation in the resistance of the photosensitive resistor with respect to the overall impedance composed of said source internal impedance, said photosensitive resistor and said light source, which is equal to the variation of impedance of said load with respect to the impedance value of said load.
  • a circuit for regulating load voltage comprising, input terminals connected to a voltage source having a high internal impedance, a variable electrical load to be supplied from said voltage source, a light source, a photosensitive resistor, means connecting said load, said light source and said photosensitive resistor in series circuit across said input terminals, said photosensitive resistor being positioned to receive light exclusively from said light source and being responsive thereto to produce a change in resistance sufficient to maintain the voltage across said load substantially constant.
  • a circuit as described in claim 9 further comprising a capacitor connected in parallel with said photosensitive resistor and a resistor connected in parallel with said load.
  • a circuit as described in claim 9 arranged so that the intensity of light striking said photosensitive resistor is a function of the current in said series circuit and wherein the elements of said series circuit are chosen so that for a given percentage change of the load impedance, the resistance of said photosensitive resistor changes by an amount such that the total impedance of said series circuit, including the source impedance, exhibits a percentage change in impedance equal to that of the load.
  • said light source comprises a gas discharge tube having a given value of breakdown voltage, and wherein the voltage amplitude of said voltage source is greater than said given value of voltage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Discharge-Lamp Control Circuits And Pulse- Feed Circuits (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
US315606A 1962-10-13 1963-10-11 Optical feedback stabilizing circuit for a voltage source having a high internal resistance Expired - Lifetime US3315078A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEN22208A DE1296681B (de) 1962-10-13 1962-10-13 Stabilisationsschaltung fuer Spannungen aus einer Spannungsquelle mit hohem Innenwiderstand

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3315078A true US3315078A (en) 1967-04-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US315606A Expired - Lifetime US3315078A (en) 1962-10-13 1963-10-11 Optical feedback stabilizing circuit for a voltage source having a high internal resistance

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3315078A (en:Method)
JP (1) JPS4216380B1 (en:Method)
BE (1) BE638565A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1296681B (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1371572A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1011188A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL298904A (en:Method)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3497626A (en) * 1966-04-18 1970-02-24 Litton Systems Inc Signaling system having gain/slope adjustment for amplifier
US3533705A (en) * 1964-12-10 1970-10-13 Ricoh Kk Correct exposure indicating apparatus for cameras
US20120265467A1 (en) * 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Primax Electronics Ltd. System for testing illuminating elements and method for testing illuminating elements
CN102759716A (zh) * 2011-04-27 2012-10-31 致伸科技股份有限公司 发光元件的测试系统以及测试发光元件的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2573273A (en) * 1948-01-03 1951-10-30 Us Rubber Co Loom picker
US2904695A (en) * 1952-12-11 1959-09-15 Gen Electric Photoelectric apparatus
US2997630A (en) * 1956-08-30 1961-08-22 Itt Holding switch
US3040241A (en) * 1958-04-02 1962-06-19 Hewlett Packard Co Voltage regulator and method

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE928480C (de) * 1953-01-22 1955-06-02 Loewe Opta Ag Konzentrier-Einrichtung fuer Elektronenstrahlroehren mit statischen Konzentriermitteln
DE1036989B (de) 1955-04-28 1958-08-21 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur Stabilisierung des Stromes und bzw. oder der Spannung von stromtemperaturabhaengigen Widerstaeden
FR1181706A (fr) * 1957-08-27 1959-06-18 Stabilisateur de tension électrique
DE1093503B (de) * 1960-01-26 1960-11-24 Aeg Verfahren zur Regelung der Leistung von Mittelfrequenz-Induktionserwaermungsanlagen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2573273A (en) * 1948-01-03 1951-10-30 Us Rubber Co Loom picker
US2904695A (en) * 1952-12-11 1959-09-15 Gen Electric Photoelectric apparatus
US2997630A (en) * 1956-08-30 1961-08-22 Itt Holding switch
US3040241A (en) * 1958-04-02 1962-06-19 Hewlett Packard Co Voltage regulator and method

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3533705A (en) * 1964-12-10 1970-10-13 Ricoh Kk Correct exposure indicating apparatus for cameras
US3497626A (en) * 1966-04-18 1970-02-24 Litton Systems Inc Signaling system having gain/slope adjustment for amplifier
US20120265467A1 (en) * 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Primax Electronics Ltd. System for testing illuminating elements and method for testing illuminating elements
US8655616B2 (en) * 2011-04-15 2014-02-18 Primax Electronics Ltd. System for testing illuminating elements and method for testing illuminating elements
CN102759716A (zh) * 2011-04-27 2012-10-31 致伸科技股份有限公司 发光元件的测试系统以及测试发光元件的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL298904A (en:Method) 1965-08-10
GB1011188A (en) 1965-11-24
DE1296681B (de) 1969-06-04
FR1371572A (fr) 1964-09-04
BE638565A (en:Method) 1964-04-13
JPS4216380B1 (en:Method) 1967-09-05

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