US3286337A - Processes for shaping metals under high hydrostatic pressure - Google Patents

Processes for shaping metals under high hydrostatic pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3286337A
US3286337A US388501A US38850164A US3286337A US 3286337 A US3286337 A US 3286337A US 388501 A US388501 A US 388501A US 38850164 A US38850164 A US 38850164A US 3286337 A US3286337 A US 3286337A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
ductile metal
zone
ductile
pressure
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Expired - Lifetime
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US388501A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sauve Charles
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/007—Hydrostatic extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
    • B21C33/004—Composite billet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S72/00—Metal deforming
    • Y10S72/70—Deforming specified alloys or uncommon metal or bimetallic work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S72/00—Metal deforming
    • Y10S72/711—Hydrostatic extrusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material

Definitions

  • the conventional processes for the plastic deformation of metals by forging generally have as their object the shaping of such metals with a view to using them directly in the shape obtained or to permit the subsequent transformation thereof.
  • the deformation of a metal may be effected by applying a predetermined pressure on a surface element of the metal, this being done furthermore in a manner which is absolutely independent of the ambient hydrostatic pressure, since it will be remembered that the plastic deformation is effected without change in volume and density.
  • the invention consists mainlywhile simultaneously effecting the shaping under the hydrostatic pressure which is much higher than that necessary for effecting the deformation and which may reach as much as 12,000 barsin combining successive deformations, which are defined and limited in respect of their amplitude but are uniform in respect of the metal mass as a whole, and which are effected within a predetermined range, and also (where appropriate) annealing effected within predetermined cycles and for a predetermined period of time.
  • the invention consists furthermore, apart from this main arrangement, of certain other arrangements which are preferably utilized simultaneously and which may be considered either separately or in combination one with another, notably:
  • the metal to be deformed is disposed in a jacket made of a metal which is relatively less ductile at the temperature under consideration, and the shape and thickness of which are such that they oppose the proposed deformation,
  • the deformation is effected by forging
  • the deformation is effected by rolling
  • the deformation is effected by drawing
  • the said deformation is effected in an envelope in which a high pressure obtains due to the influence of artificial means such as high-pressure gas, a non-compressible liquid or a second metal which has been rendered plastic by the application of the pressure supplied by the first metal to be deformed, the said liquid or second metal or (if appropriate) gas being able to flow only through a small calibrated orifice and being, if appropriate, adjustable in such manner that it becomes possible to obtain a predetermined hydrostatic pressure rate during the operations,
  • artificial means such as high-pressure gas, a non-compressible liquid or a second metal which has been rendered plastic by the application of the pressure supplied by the first metal to be deformed, the said liquid or second metal or (if appropriate) gas being able to flow only through a small calibrated orifice and being, if appropriate, adjustable in such manner that it becomes possible to obtain a predetermined hydrostatic pressure rate during the operations,
  • the said metal to be deformed is beryllium
  • the said second metal is lead
  • the said second metal is aluminium
  • the said second metal is copper
  • the said second metal is Armco iron.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 are diagrammatic views showing a shaping operation effected by forging in a jacket made of less ductile metals.
  • FIGURES 3, 4, 5 and 6 are diagrammatic views showing shaping by rolling in a jacket made of less ductile metals
  • FIGURES 7, 8, and 9 are diagrammatic views showing shaping by drawing in a jacket of less ductile metals.
  • FIGURE 10 is a diagrammatic view of shaping by forging in a high-pressure gas or non-compressible liquid
  • FIGURE 11 is a diagrammatic view showing shaping by drawing in a high-pressure gas or a non-compressible liquid.
  • FIGURE 12 is a diagrammatic view showing shaping by drawing in the presence of a second plastic metal.
  • FIGURES 13 and 14 are diagrammatic views showing shaping by forging in the presence of a second plastic metal.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 show the jacketing of the metal 1 to be deformed with the aid of a metal 2 which is relatively less ductile at the temperature under consideration but is disposed in an envelope the shape and thickness of which are such that the proposed deformation is opposed, thus producing a high hydrostatic pressure in the interior.
  • This method is illustrated by FIGURES 1 and 2 which show the two upsetting states of a small metal cylinder 1 within a metal 2 which is less ductile.
  • FIGURES 3, 4, 5, and 6 show, respectively, operations involving the rolling'of a metal 1 within a metal 2 which 4 is less ductile, with regard to plates (FIGS. 3 and 4) with two rolling rolls and with regard to bars (FIGS. 5 and 6) with four rolling rolls.
  • FIG. 7 shows an operation involving the drawing of a metal 1 within a less ductile metal 2, this metal then being suitable for application to products of any desired section, the section of the less ductile material being, optionally, circular or of any other desired shape (FIGS. 8 and 9).
  • the metal 7 thus exerts a counter-pressure which may be varied by acting on the ratio So/Sl between the minimum values 5, 6 and maximum values 50, 60 or even 100.
  • the said metal 7 may be for example lead for temperatures below C., aluminium for temperatures between and 400 C., copper above this level or alternatively Anmco iron (an extremely pure grade of iron) for rapid forging operations.
  • a process for shaping difficult to deform ductile metals under high hydrostatic pressure comprising: confining a first ductile metal to be shaped in a first zone in a rigid container; confining a second ductile metal in a second zone in said rigid container in force-transmitting engagement with said first ductile metal; said second zone being configured to conform to the desired final shape of said first ductile metal, applying a pressure to said first ductile metal sufficiently high to force said first ductile metal to flow out of said first zone and into said second zone and to simultaneously force said second ductile metal to flow out of said second zone through at least one outlet orifice of predetermined size communicating with said second zone, said outlet orifice being of such a size as to require the application of a predetermined pressure to said second ductile metal by said first ductile metal to force said second ductile metal to flow therethrough.
  • said pressure applied to said first ductile metal is a substantially uniform pressure which is higher than a pressure necesa metal ofiers a substantially uniform resistance to the flow of said first ductile metal during the entire time said first ductile metal is being forced to flow from said first into said second zone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US388501A 1963-08-20 1964-08-10 Processes for shaping metals under high hydrostatic pressure Expired - Lifetime US3286337A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR945150A FR1376606A (fr) 1963-08-20 1963-08-20 Perfectionnements aux procédés de mise en forme des métaux sous pression hydrostatique élevée

Publications (1)

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US3286337A true US3286337A (en) 1966-11-22

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Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3286337A (xx)
BE (1) BE651665A (xx)
ES (1) ES303279A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1376606A (xx)
GB (1) GB1081896A (xx)
IL (1) IL21843A (xx)
LU (1) LU46696A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL6409614A (xx)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3481013A (en) * 1967-01-09 1969-12-02 Walter Dannohl Method of making metal foils
US3654687A (en) * 1967-09-27 1972-04-11 Asea Ab Hydrostatic extrusion of compound material
US3673667A (en) * 1970-11-23 1972-07-04 Whittaker Corp Method for producing complex shapes by filled billet extrusion
US3782159A (en) * 1971-06-17 1974-01-01 Peugeot & Renault Isostatic working process
US3798742A (en) * 1973-01-24 1974-03-26 Crucible Inc Method for hot working
US4037305A (en) * 1975-09-24 1977-07-26 Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget Method for hydrostatic extrusion
US4117367A (en) * 1974-05-13 1978-09-26 U.S. Philips Corporation High-pressure discharge lamp
US4161111A (en) * 1971-06-24 1979-07-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Hydrostatically extruded thermoelectric legs
US5121535A (en) * 1988-12-14 1992-06-16 Sulzer Bros. Ltd. Method for production of thin sections of reactive metals
US5127146A (en) * 1988-12-14 1992-07-07 Sulzer Brothers, Ltd. Method for production of thin sections of reactive metals
US5809778A (en) * 1995-06-16 1998-09-22 J. Eberspacher Gmbh & Co. Exhaust manifold with sheet metal inlet pipes
US5903813A (en) * 1998-07-24 1999-05-11 Advanced Materials Products, Inc. Method of forming thin dense metal sections from reactive alloy powders
US20090288466A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Isothermal forming system for production of sheet metal parts
WO2012076933A1 (pt) 2010-12-09 2012-06-14 Universidade De Aveiro Pastas celulósicas modificadas, método de preparação por processamento por alta pressão e respectivas aplicações
CN109013993A (zh) * 2018-08-17 2018-12-18 北京科技大学 一种快锻制圆-楔横轧精确成形铁道车辆车轴的方法
CN117358863A (zh) * 2023-12-08 2024-01-09 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 一种防止高温合金在锤上自由锻造过程中产生裂纹的方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3631706A (en) * 1969-02-25 1972-01-04 Western Electric Co Methods of and apparatus for forming an article having a tubular portion
EP0310033B1 (en) * 1987-09-28 1995-04-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Superconducting wire and method of producing the same

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1685915A (en) * 1926-05-25 1928-10-02 Westinghouse Lamp Co Fabrication of metallic thorium
US1891234A (en) * 1929-11-06 1932-12-20 Us Pipe & Foundry Company Method of modifying internal strains in metal objects
US2653494A (en) * 1946-12-24 1953-09-29 Edward C Creutz Method of forging metals
US2770874A (en) * 1953-04-27 1956-11-20 Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co Method of locally expanding tubing
GB848269A (en) * 1958-03-25 1960-09-14 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Improvements in or relating to the forming of beryllium
US2993269A (en) * 1958-12-15 1961-07-25 Gen Electric Methods for producing titanium-clad metal
FR1305289A (fr) * 1961-11-20 1962-09-28 Ti Group Services Ltd Procédé de fabrication de tubes en béryllium
US3122828A (en) * 1963-01-14 1964-03-03 Special Metals Inc Conversion of heat-sensitive alloys with aid of a thermal barrier
US3127671A (en) * 1961-06-27 1964-04-07 Ladish Co Art of forging brittle metals
US3156974A (en) * 1961-02-10 1964-11-17 Engelhard Ind Inc Method for improving properties of articles

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1685915A (en) * 1926-05-25 1928-10-02 Westinghouse Lamp Co Fabrication of metallic thorium
US1891234A (en) * 1929-11-06 1932-12-20 Us Pipe & Foundry Company Method of modifying internal strains in metal objects
US2653494A (en) * 1946-12-24 1953-09-29 Edward C Creutz Method of forging metals
US2770874A (en) * 1953-04-27 1956-11-20 Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co Method of locally expanding tubing
GB848269A (en) * 1958-03-25 1960-09-14 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Improvements in or relating to the forming of beryllium
US2993269A (en) * 1958-12-15 1961-07-25 Gen Electric Methods for producing titanium-clad metal
US3156974A (en) * 1961-02-10 1964-11-17 Engelhard Ind Inc Method for improving properties of articles
US3127671A (en) * 1961-06-27 1964-04-07 Ladish Co Art of forging brittle metals
FR1305289A (fr) * 1961-11-20 1962-09-28 Ti Group Services Ltd Procédé de fabrication de tubes en béryllium
US3122828A (en) * 1963-01-14 1964-03-03 Special Metals Inc Conversion of heat-sensitive alloys with aid of a thermal barrier

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3481013A (en) * 1967-01-09 1969-12-02 Walter Dannohl Method of making metal foils
US3654687A (en) * 1967-09-27 1972-04-11 Asea Ab Hydrostatic extrusion of compound material
US3673667A (en) * 1970-11-23 1972-07-04 Whittaker Corp Method for producing complex shapes by filled billet extrusion
US3782159A (en) * 1971-06-17 1974-01-01 Peugeot & Renault Isostatic working process
US4161111A (en) * 1971-06-24 1979-07-17 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Hydrostatically extruded thermoelectric legs
US3798742A (en) * 1973-01-24 1974-03-26 Crucible Inc Method for hot working
US4117367A (en) * 1974-05-13 1978-09-26 U.S. Philips Corporation High-pressure discharge lamp
US4037305A (en) * 1975-09-24 1977-07-26 Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget Method for hydrostatic extrusion
US5121535A (en) * 1988-12-14 1992-06-16 Sulzer Bros. Ltd. Method for production of thin sections of reactive metals
US5127146A (en) * 1988-12-14 1992-07-07 Sulzer Brothers, Ltd. Method for production of thin sections of reactive metals
US5809778A (en) * 1995-06-16 1998-09-22 J. Eberspacher Gmbh & Co. Exhaust manifold with sheet metal inlet pipes
US5903813A (en) * 1998-07-24 1999-05-11 Advanced Materials Products, Inc. Method of forming thin dense metal sections from reactive alloy powders
US20090288466A1 (en) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Isothermal forming system for production of sheet metal parts
US8596106B2 (en) * 2008-05-21 2013-12-03 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Isothermal forming system for production of sheet metal parts
WO2012076933A1 (pt) 2010-12-09 2012-06-14 Universidade De Aveiro Pastas celulósicas modificadas, método de preparação por processamento por alta pressão e respectivas aplicações
CN109013993A (zh) * 2018-08-17 2018-12-18 北京科技大学 一种快锻制圆-楔横轧精确成形铁道车辆车轴的方法
CN117358863A (zh) * 2023-12-08 2024-01-09 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 一种防止高温合金在锤上自由锻造过程中产生裂纹的方法
CN117358863B (zh) * 2023-12-08 2024-03-08 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 一种防止高温合金在锤上自由锻造过程中产生裂纹的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL21843A (en) 1968-03-28
BE651665A (xx) 1964-12-01
NL6409614A (xx) 1965-02-22
ES303279A1 (es) 1964-11-01
GB1081896A (en) 1967-09-06
FR1376606A (fr) 1964-10-31
LU46696A1 (xx) 1964-10-05

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