US1891234A - Method of modifying internal strains in metal objects - Google Patents
Method of modifying internal strains in metal objects Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1891234A US1891234A US405080A US40508029A US1891234A US 1891234 A US1891234 A US 1891234A US 405080 A US405080 A US 405080A US 40508029 A US40508029 A US 40508029A US 1891234 A US1891234 A US 1891234A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- metal
- internal strains
- metal objects
- strains
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material
- Y10T29/49812—Temporary protective coating, impregnation, or cast layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
Definitions
- the object of my invention is to provide a method by which these internal strains in metal objects can be neutralized or so changed in character and amount that they are no longer liable to bring about undesirable results, and I have discovered that by subjecting the metal article, whether casting or forging, to a high pressure sim ultaneously applied to the entire surface of the metal object and which consequently does not tend to materially change the form of the object, the internal strains can be greatly modified and altered and practically for all useful purposes eliminated from the metal object or so changed incharacter that the remaining strains are no longer harmful and, in fact, in some objects maybe beneficial.
- the pressures which I have employed in treating diflere'ntmetal articles have ranged from 3,000 pounds per square inch to 150,000 pounds per square inch, and the pressure necessary with any particular metal object to eliminate its internal strains or so greatly modify them that they areno longer injurious will depend upon the metal and the shape of the article. In general, metals having a higher elastic limit and tensile strength.
- Hydraulicpressure is the most available and convenientmeans of applying the necessary pressure to the entire surface of the metal body.
- the drawing forming part of this specification illustrates an apparatus adapted for use in the practical application of my process of subjecting metal objects to suflicient pressure to beneficially modify the internal strains existing in the metal.
- the drawing is a sectional elevation of a convenient apparatus in which A indicates a container, which of course must be of suflicient wall strength to resist the pressure to which it is subjected.
- B indicates a passage for liquid under pressure leading to the container and connected with an accumulator diagrammatically indicated at C.
- D indicates a closure adapted to be seated and firmly held against the open end A of the container.
- E indicates a cage removably located in the con--- 7 tainer and adapted to support the objects to be subjected to pressure. Such objects supported in the cage are indicated at F, F.
- the metal objects to be treated are inserted in the container either in the cage or in any other convenient way.
- the closure D is then firmly secured over the open end of the container and liquid from the accumulator is permitted to flow into the container in which it will envelop the metal objects and subject them to the pressure provided by the accumulator.
- the structural chan' produced in the metal objects by the liqui pressure to which they are subjected occur very rapidly so that after a short exsure to this pressure the pressure can be relieved, the closure opened and the metal objects removed.
- e method of claim 1 as carried out with the agsgcation of determined pressures between 3, pounds and 150,000 pounds to the 5%1518 inch. 6. e method of claim 1, as carriedout with the application of .determined pressures. between 3,000 pounds and 150,000 pounds tothe 31mm inch,-in which hydraulic pressure is us v FREDERICK C. LANGENBERG.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Description
-@C. 29; 1932. 3 LANGENBERG 591234 METHOD OF MODIFYING- INTERNAL STRAINS IN METAL OBJIS S Filed NOV. 6. 1929 Patented Dec. 20, 1932 v UNITED STATES FREDERICK c. LANGENZBERG, 0E
UNITED STATES PEPE a FOUNDRY c CORPORATION or NEW JERSEY EDGEW PATENT OFFICE ATER PARK, NEW JERSEY, nssmnoia. To many, or BURLINGTON, NEW JERSEY, A
Application filed November 6, 1929. Serial No. 405,080.
It is well known that metallic castings and forgings are liable to have internal strains produced by the casting and forging operatlon or in some cases produced by the subsequent annealing and heat treatment of the,
metals and, in fact, in some cases by the operation of machining. These strains are sometimes so great as to resultin the disruption-of the metal object, either totally or in part, andfrequently so great as to bring about deformation of the metal object. F requently these deformations are not apparent until the metal object has aged. In other cases these deformations are not apparent until the metal object is in the process of being machined. In still other cases the strains are not apparent until the metal object is subjected to heat such aswould be encountered by valves subjected to high temperature service.
The object of my invention is to provide a method by which these internal strains in metal objects can be neutralized or so changed in character and amount that they are no longer liable to bring about undesirable results, and I have discovered that by subjecting the metal article, whether casting or forging, to a high pressure sim ultaneously applied to the entire surface of the metal object and which consequently does not tend to materially change the form of the object, the internal strains can be greatly modified and altered and practically for all useful purposes eliminated from the metal object or so changed incharacter that the remaining strains are no longer harmful and, in fact, in some objects maybe beneficial.
The pressures which I have employed in treating diflere'ntmetal articles have ranged from 3,000 pounds per square inch to 150,000 pounds per square inch, and the pressure necessary with any particular metal object to eliminate its internal strains or so greatly modify them that they areno longer injurious will depend upon the metal and the shape of the article. In general, metals having a higher elastic limit and tensile strength.
will take more pressure to bring about the desired result rather than metals having a lower elastic limit and tensile strength. The optimum pressure can readily be determined with regardto any specific article and when once determ ned will be found applicable to all articles of the same material and construction. Hydraulicpressure is the most available and convenientmeans of applying the necessary pressure to the entire surface of the metal body.
While the optimum pressure applicable to any metal casting or forging can only be ascertained by experiment and trial, it is my experience that all metal objects have their internal strains relieved and are less likely to deformation or disruption by subjecting them to a pressure of from 3,000 pounds to 150,000 pounds per square inch of surface, and although metals having low elastic limit and tensile strength have not been treated in any extensive way, it is obvious from the observations made that pressures lower than 3,000 pounds per square inch can be employed in order to produce the desired results. or many objects where it is not necessary to determine an optimum pressure I would recommend a pressure of 75,000 pounds per square inch.
The drawing forming part of this specification illustrates an apparatus adapted for use in the practical application of my process of subjecting metal objects to suflicient pressure to beneficially modify the internal strains existing in the metal. The drawing is a sectional elevation of a convenient apparatus in which A indicates a container, which of course must be of suflicient wall strength to resist the pressure to which it is subjected. B indicates a passage for liquid under pressure leading to the container and connected with an accumulator diagrammatically indicated at C. D indicates a closure adapted to be seated and firmly held against the open end A of the container. E indicates a cage removably located in the con--- 7 tainer and adapted to support the objects to be subjected to pressure. Such objects supported in the cage are indicated at F, F.
In operation the metal objects to be treated are inserted in the container either in the cage or in any other convenient way. The closure D is then firmly secured over the open end of the container and liquid from the accumulator is permitted to flow into the container in which it will envelop the metal objects and subject them to the pressure provided by the accumulator. The structural chan' produced in the metal objects by the liqui pressure to which they are subjected occur very rapidly so that after a short exsure to this pressure the pressure can be relieved, the closure opened and the metal objects removed.
t will be obvious that my rocess in no wiserelates to the casting or orging operation by which form is given to a metal object but has to do exclusively with the treatment of previously formed forgings or castings for the purpose of relieving internal strain conditions found to exist in the casting or forging and it will also be obvious that my method does not involve any heatinglof the objects under treatment;
' aving now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I J
1. The method of modifying injurious strains in the bod of previously, formed metal castings and orgings which consists in ascertaining experimentally a degree of pressure which will advantageously modify internal strains existing in the metal object to be treated and then subjecting such metallic bodies to such determined and known high pressure simultaneousl exerted on all parts of the body as will 'a vantageously modify :5 the internal strains thereof without materially changing the form of the body.
'2. The method of claim 1 as carried out with the application of hydraulic pressure.
3. The method of claim 1 as carried out 40 with hydraulic pressure in excess of 3,000
pounds per square inch.
45. The method of claim 1 as carried out with hydraulic pressure of approximately 75,000 unds per square inch.
'45 5. e method of claim 1, as carried out with the agsgcation of determined pressures between 3, pounds and 150,000 pounds to the 5%1518 inch. 6. e method of claim 1, as carriedout with the application of .determined pressures. between 3,000 pounds and 150,000 pounds tothe 31mm inch,-in which hydraulic pressure is us v FREDERICK C. LANGENBERG.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US405080A US1891234A (en) | 1929-11-06 | 1929-11-06 | Method of modifying internal strains in metal objects |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US405080A US1891234A (en) | 1929-11-06 | 1929-11-06 | Method of modifying internal strains in metal objects |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1891234A true US1891234A (en) | 1932-12-20 |
Family
ID=23602200
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US405080A Expired - Lifetime US1891234A (en) | 1929-11-06 | 1929-11-06 | Method of modifying internal strains in metal objects |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1891234A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2470791A (en) * | 1944-04-22 | 1949-05-24 | Gen Electric | Method for improving the properties of precipitation hardenable castings |
US2648125A (en) * | 1947-08-06 | 1953-08-11 | Kennametal Inc | Process for the explosive pressing of powdered compositions |
US2827404A (en) * | 1956-02-10 | 1958-03-18 | American Soc For The Advanceme | Elastic sheath cables |
US3071847A (en) * | 1957-09-04 | 1963-01-08 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Metal treatment |
US3156974A (en) * | 1961-02-10 | 1964-11-17 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Method for improving properties of articles |
US3157540A (en) * | 1960-05-31 | 1964-11-17 | Engelhard Ind Inc | High pressure process for improving the mechanical properties of metals |
US3282743A (en) * | 1964-04-22 | 1966-11-01 | Du Pont | Process for relieving residual stresses in metals |
US3286337A (en) * | 1963-08-20 | 1966-11-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Processes for shaping metals under high hydrostatic pressure |
US3496624A (en) * | 1966-10-25 | 1970-02-24 | Aluminum Co Of America | Castings |
US3961777A (en) * | 1972-07-28 | 1976-06-08 | Ab Volvo | Apparatus for the regulated cooling of hot objects for quenching or hardening purposes |
US4021910A (en) * | 1974-07-03 | 1977-05-10 | Howmet Turbine Components Corporation | Method for treating superalloy castings |
-
1929
- 1929-11-06 US US405080A patent/US1891234A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2470791A (en) * | 1944-04-22 | 1949-05-24 | Gen Electric | Method for improving the properties of precipitation hardenable castings |
US2648125A (en) * | 1947-08-06 | 1953-08-11 | Kennametal Inc | Process for the explosive pressing of powdered compositions |
US2827404A (en) * | 1956-02-10 | 1958-03-18 | American Soc For The Advanceme | Elastic sheath cables |
US3071847A (en) * | 1957-09-04 | 1963-01-08 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Metal treatment |
US3157540A (en) * | 1960-05-31 | 1964-11-17 | Engelhard Ind Inc | High pressure process for improving the mechanical properties of metals |
US3156974A (en) * | 1961-02-10 | 1964-11-17 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Method for improving properties of articles |
US3286337A (en) * | 1963-08-20 | 1966-11-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Processes for shaping metals under high hydrostatic pressure |
US3282743A (en) * | 1964-04-22 | 1966-11-01 | Du Pont | Process for relieving residual stresses in metals |
US3496624A (en) * | 1966-10-25 | 1970-02-24 | Aluminum Co Of America | Castings |
US3961777A (en) * | 1972-07-28 | 1976-06-08 | Ab Volvo | Apparatus for the regulated cooling of hot objects for quenching or hardening purposes |
US4021910A (en) * | 1974-07-03 | 1977-05-10 | Howmet Turbine Components Corporation | Method for treating superalloy castings |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US1891234A (en) | Method of modifying internal strains in metal objects | |
Markov | Forging of large pieces by tapered faces | |
Rodrigues et al. | Dynamic transformation of an X70 steel under plate rolling conditions | |
Markov et al. | COMPUTERIZED AND PHYSICAL MODELING OF UPSETTING OPERATION BY COMBINED DIES. | |
Zheng et al. | The flow line evolution of hot open ACDR process for titanium alloy discs | |
Reddy | Formability of 5083 Al Alloy Hemi-Spherical Shells Using Hot Deep Drawing Process | |
Gubenko et al. | Investigation of wear mechanism of tread during operation of railway wheels | |
US2487304A (en) | Method of making turbine wheel forgings | |
Pachurin et al. | Rolled stock structure and surface condition factor for quality of automobile fasteners insurance | |
US2355792A (en) | Method for forming closed tubes | |
US2752669A (en) | Methods for manufacturing high pressure vessels | |
Gladkovsky et al. | Rheological properties and substantiation of hot rolling regimes of low-and medium carbon structural steels | |
Narayanasamy et al. | Study on wrinkling limit of commercially pure aluminium sheet metals of different grades when drawn through conical and tractrix dies | |
Ghazani et al. | A ductile damage criterion for AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel at different temperatures and strain rates | |
US3153844A (en) | Method of making spring leaves | |
Altschuler et al. | Relief of residual stresses in a high-strength aluminum alloy by cold working | |
US1552848A (en) | Method of increasing the strength of hollow metal articles | |
US1604208A (en) | Method of making two-piece valves | |
Saito et al. | Effect of stress relaxation on springback of steel sheet in warm forming | |
Nishiwaki et al. | Hydro-mechanical deep drawing of locally solution-treated aluminum alloy sheets | |
Markov et al. | Improvement of Plate’s Shape for Ingots Upsetting | |
Goli-Oglu et al. | Effectiveness of one-, two-, and three-cell Steckel mills in the thermomechanical treatment of microalloyed steel | |
Antunes et al. | Effect of crack propagation on crack tip fields | |
DE653981C (en) | Process for reducing disadvantageous stresses on deformed metallic castings or forgings | |
US1830550A (en) | Treating metal shapes |