US3281202A - Process of scouring and bleaching dyed and undyed cellulose textiles - Google Patents

Process of scouring and bleaching dyed and undyed cellulose textiles Download PDF

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US3281202A
US3281202A US229681A US22968162A US3281202A US 3281202 A US3281202 A US 3281202A US 229681 A US229681 A US 229681A US 22968162 A US22968162 A US 22968162A US 3281202 A US3281202 A US 3281202A
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solution
percent
bleaching
weight
linen
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US229681A
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William E Helmick
William H Cooper
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PPG Industries Inc
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Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/20—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen
    • D06L4/22—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents
    • D06L4/23—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents using hypohalogenites
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/30—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using reducing agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/70—Multi-step processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/93—Pretreatment before dyeing
    • Y10S8/931—Washing or bleaching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the treatment of textiles. More particularly, the present invention relates to the bleaching of bast fibers and cloth made from these fibers, such as linen. In addition, the present invention relates to the bleaching of cotton and linen cloth containing colored ingrain patterns and/or stripes.
  • bleaching processes which achieve adequate degrees of brightness for commercial standards result in the bleeding of this predyed stripe or pattern.
  • Processes involving bleaching linen cloth also require bleaching sequences which are quite time consuming, often necessitating operations lasting forty hours or more.
  • linen cloth and fibers treated in accordance with the teachings of this invention are found to attain exceptionally high degrees of brightness while maintaining tensile strengths well within accepted standards.
  • cotton and linen materials containing predyed striping or patterns with dyes not fast to usual peroxide bleaching solutions are now capable of being bleached to a high degree of brightness while maintaining adequate tensile strength and with considerably less bleeding of the dye occurring.
  • absorbency of the finished product is considerably improved, thus rendering the process extremely desirable in applications involving linen toweling.
  • substantial reductions in the time required to bleach linen cloth are readily achieved.
  • linen cloth which has been treated by conventional desizing operations is passed through two alkaline baths which scour and bleach the goods.
  • the goods are soured with a sodium bisulfite solution and then treated in a hydrogen peroxide bleaching bath.
  • the sequential treatment of the linen cloth in two alkaline baths and the final hydrogen peroxide bleaching solution gives rise to linen material having exceptionally high degrees of brightness and good tensile strength. It is found that linen goods treated in this manner also attain absorbent qualities not usually found in linen materials having tensile strengths on the order of thosefound in material treated in this manner.
  • the goods 3,281,202 Patented Oct. 25, 1966 are subjected in the first bath to an alkaline solution containing small quantities of ammonium hydroxide.
  • the alkaline solution is an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide or a combination of the two.
  • the goods are boiled for periods of time ranging from fifteen minutes upwards.
  • the goods are passed to a hypochlorite bleaching bath maintained at a pH of 9 to 12. Treatment in this latter bath is usually conducted at room temperature and for a period of time ranging from onehalf hour upwards.
  • the goods After completion of the hypochlorite bleaching step, the goods are passed into a bath containing sodium bisulfite and maintained in an acid pH range of between 1 and 5. From this sodium bisulfite solution, the goods are passed into a hydrogen peroxide bleaching tank where they are bleached to final whiteness.
  • the desizing of the cotton and/ or linen cloth treated may be conducted in any conventional enzyme desizing solution such as, for example, an amylase enzymatic bath. Baths of this kind and the treatment steps utilized to accomplish desizing are well known in the art and exemplary baths and treatments are described in Chemistry and Chemical Technology of Cotton, edited by Kyle Ward, in, published by Interscience Publishers, Inc., N.Y. 1955, pages 134 through 144.
  • the cloth Upon completion of the desizing operation, the cloth is subjected to an aqueous wash in warm water at a temperature in the range of from F. to F; for periods from three to fifteen minutes. Upon completion of the washing operation, the cloth is then introduced into the first stage of the bleaching process comprising the instant invention.
  • the first alkaline treatment the cloth is subjected to involves the contact of the cloth with an aqueous alkaline solution of sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide containing ammonium hydroxide.
  • the sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide concentration in this aqueous alkaline solution is usually maintained below 2 percent by weight of solution.
  • the sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide concentration of the solution is about 0.5 percent by weight, but may range broadly from between 0.1 percent up to about 2 percent.
  • Ammonium hydroxide concentrations in the alkaline bath are maintained in a range of from 0.1 percent up to 1.3 percent. Generally, the ammonium hydroxide concentration is maintained somewhere between 0.8 percent and 1.1 percent by weight.
  • the aqueous solution is maintained at a pH in the range of between 9 and 11.5. Temperatures of the solution are maintained on the warm side and range generally between 160 F. to 250 F. The lengths of time the cloth is maintained in contact with the solution may be varied somewhat, but generally is between fifteen minutes to two hours. During the contact of the cloth with the aqueous alkaline solution, the cloth is essentially saturated with solution. Material after treatment in the aqueous alkaline bath is removed and washed in a cold water wash for a period of from three to fifteen minutes.
  • the hypochlorite bleaching tank contains an aqueous solution of hypochlorite, usually sodium hypochlorite, but alkaline earth metal hypochlorites may also be employed if desired.
  • hypochlorite is utilized in this bleaching bath.
  • the hypochlorite concentration in the aqueous hypochlorite bleaching bath is maintained in a range of from 3 to 30 grams per liter hypochlorite measured as available chlorine. Stated in another way, the hypochlorite concentration in the aqueous hypochlorite bleaching solution is maintained in a range of from 0.31 to 3.15 percent by weight.
  • the goods are maintained for periods of time ranging between thirty minutes and two hours, and at temperatures ranging broadly between 50 F. to 150 F.
  • the temperature of the hypochlorite bleaching tank is maintained somewhere between 65 F. and 95 F.
  • the goods in the hypochlorite bleaching tank are essentially saturated with the hypochlorite solution.
  • souring tank containing sodium bisulfite in concentrations ranging from 0.1 percent by weight of solution up to 1 percent by weight of solution.
  • the souring conducted in the sodium bisulfite aqueous solution is usually conducted at room temperatures, but the temperature may vary between 50 F. to 120 F. Treatment in this batch is usually quite short and ranges anywhere from five minutes to one-half hour.
  • the goods are washed in cold water usually at ambient temperatures for periods of from three to fifteen minutes.
  • the goods are then introduced into an aqueous hydrogen peroxide bleaching solution having a pH between 8.5 and 11 containing between 0.2 and 1.4 percent by weight of hydrogen peroxide (anhydrous) basis the weight of the aqueous solution.
  • aqueous hydrogen peroxide bleaching solution having a pH between 8.5 and 11 containing between 0.2 and 1.4 percent by weight of hydrogen peroxide (anhydrous) basis the weight of the aqueous solution.
  • small quantities of sodium silicate which may be employed have the general formula Na O(SiO where x represents a number from 2 to 4.
  • the concentration of the sodium silicate contained in the hydrogen peroxide bleaching bath is in a range generally between 0.1 and 2.0 percent by weight of solution.
  • Temperatures in the hydrogen peroxide bleaching bath are maintained generally between 70 F. and 250 F., but are usually maintained within the range of between 60 F. to 185 F.
  • the goods are treated in the hydrogen peroxide bleaching bath for periods of time ranging between one hour and three hours.
  • the goods Upon completion of the bleaching cycle in the hydrogen peroxide bleaching bath, the goods are subjected to a double wash, the initial wash consisting of a warm water wash at temperatures from 90 F. to 140 F. for periods of between three and fifteen minutes. Upon completion of the warm water wash, the goods are then passed into a cold water wash tank and subjected to cold water washing at ambient temperatures of 70 F. for periods of from three to fifteen minutes. Upon completion of the final cold water wash, the goods are then ready for drying, pressing and final processing.
  • the initial wash consisting of a warm water wash at temperatures from 90 F. to 140 F. for periods of between three and fifteen minutes.
  • the goods Upon completion of the warm water wash, the goods are then passed into a cold water wash tank and subjected to cold water washing at ambient temperatures of 70 F. for periods of from three to fifteen minutes.
  • the goods Upon completion of the final cold water wash, the goods are then ready for drying, pressing and final processing.
  • EXAMPLE I A desized piece of linen sheeting having a colored in grain pattern was placed in a scouring bath containing 3.74 liters of solution, having 1.5 percent NH OH by weight, 1 percent Na CO by weight, and 0.1 percent Sandopan DTC (a sulfonated alcohol wetting agent manufactured under the trade name Sandopan DTC by the Sandoz Chemical Corporation, Incorporated).
  • the scouring bath was contained in a laboratory apparatus designed to simulate a commercial jig.
  • the linen material was rotated continuously in the jig and was padded on the return side of the cycle and run at 200 F. for a period of thirty minutes. Upon completion of the thirty minute contact of the solution with the cloth, the solution was discharged from the machine and the material washed with cold water at ambient temperature (70 F.).
  • a second aqueous solution of a 3.75 liter volume was prepared and contained 1.5 percent NaOCl by Weight.
  • the solution was introduced into the jig and the material rotated as before for a period of one hour at F. Upon completion of this treatment, the solution was discharged and the material rinsed with cold water at 70 F.
  • a third solution of 3.74 liters volume was made up containing 0.1 percent sodium bisulfite by weight of solution. This solution was introduced into the apparatus and contacted with the cloth contained therein for a period of ten minutes at 70 F. Upon completion of this step, the solution was discharged from the apparatus and the material given a rinse in cold water at 70 F. A final aqueous solution of 3.74 liters by volume and containing 2 percent H 0 (35 percent) and 0.5 percent Na SiO was placed in the apparatus. The material was rotated with the solution at 180 F. for a period of two hours. This solution was then discharged and the material washed with hot water at F. for a period of five minutes, and washed a second time with a cold water wash at 70 F. for a further period of five minutes. The material treated was designated as Sample No. 1.
  • Example III Utilizing the solutions identical with those prepared in Example I, a sample of linen sheeting having a colored ingrain pattern and a sample of cotton sheeting having a colored ingrain pattern were subjected individually to the identical bleaching sequence of Example I, but all operations were conducted in a Gaston County Package dyeing machine.
  • the linen sample obtained in this example was designated No. 2 and the cotton sample was designated No. 2A.
  • EXAMPLE IV A desized piece of linen sheeting having a colored ingrain pattern is placed in a scouring bath containing 3.74 liters of solution, having 1.5 percent NH OH by weight, 1 percent NaOH by weight and 0.1 percent by weight Sandopan DTC (a sulfonated alcohol wetting agent manufactured under the trade name Sandopan DTC by the Sandoz Chemical Corporation, Incorporated).
  • the scouring bath is contained in a laboratory apparatus designed to simulate a commercial jig.
  • the linen material is rotated continuously in the jig and is padded on the return side of the cycle and is run at 200 F. for a period of 30 minutes.
  • the solution Upon completion of the thirty minute contact of the linen with the solution, the solution is discharged from the machine and the linen material is then washed with cold water at ambient temperature (70 F).
  • a second aqueous solution of 3.75 liters volume is prepared containing 1.5 percent NaOCl by weight.
  • the solution is introduced into the jig and the material is rotated as before fora period of one hour at 95 F.
  • the solution is discharged and the material is rinsed with cold water at ambient temperature (70 F.).
  • a third solution of 3.74 liters volume is made up containing 0.1 percent sodium bisulfite by weight. This solution is introduced into the apparatus and is contacted with the cloth contained therein for a period of ten minutes at 70 F. Upon completion of this step, the solution is discharged from the apparatus and the material is given a rinse in cold water at 70 F.
  • a final aqueous solution of 3.74 liters by volume and containing 2 percent H 0 (35 percent by weight) and 0.5 percent Na Si-O is placed in the apparatus.
  • the material is rotated with the solution at 180 F. for a period of two hours.
  • This solution is then discharged and the material is washed with hot water at 140 F. for
  • the treated linen After drying the treated linen is tested for brightness and absorbency.
  • the cloth is found to' have a high reflectance in excess of 84 as measured on a Hunter refiectometer and an absorbency of 1 second. No bleeding of the colored ingrain pattern is observed.
  • linen cloth treated in the manner outlined hereinabove attains and sustains a high degree of brightness with very good tensile strength.
  • cotton cloth treated in the above manner also is adequately bleached while attaining adequate tensile strength and good absorbency.
  • a method for bleaching textiles of the group consisting of cotton and linen comprising scouring the textiles in an aqueous solution of from 0.1 to about 2.0 percent by weight of the solution of a member selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide in a concentration of from 0.1 to 1.3 percent by weight of the solution, having a pH of between 9 and 11.5, at a temperature of between 160 F. to 250 F. for fifteen minutes to two hours, washing the scoured textiles with water, partially bleaching the washed textiles in an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite having a pH of between 9 and 12, at a temperature of between 50 F. to 150 F.
  • a method of bleaching textiles containing fibers selected from the group consisting of cotton and linen comprising contacting said fibers with an aqueous solution of from 0.1 to about 2.0 percent by weight of the solution of a member of the group consisting of sodium carbon-ate and sodium hydroxide, said solution containing ammonium hydroxide in a concentration of from 0.1 to 1.3 percent by weight of the solution and being at a pH of between 9 and 11.5 and at temperatures of between F.
  • a method of treating textiles containing fibers of the group consisting of cotton and linen and having dyed portions which bleed in peroxide bleaching solutions comprising contacting said textiles with an aqueous solution of from 0.1 to about 2.0 percent by weight of the solution of a member selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide in a concentration of from 0.1 to 1.3 percent by weight of the solution at a pH of between 9 and 11.5 and at temperatures between 160 F.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US229681A 1960-10-28 1962-10-10 Process of scouring and bleaching dyed and undyed cellulose textiles Expired - Lifetime US3281202A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4120650A (en) * 1977-12-05 1978-10-17 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Laundering process for dual bleaching stained fabrics
US4312634A (en) * 1972-12-06 1982-01-26 Jerome Katz Method for treating cellulosic materials prior to bleaching
US4595394A (en) * 1983-04-08 1986-06-17 Kao Corporation Agent for improving processability of cellulose fibers: acid polymer salts for improved scouring
US5234463A (en) * 1990-09-19 1993-08-10 Sando Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method for desizing and scouring of a cloth
US5407446A (en) * 1992-11-20 1995-04-18 Sando Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for the pretreatment of a cloth
US20030093868A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-22 Jane & Jone International Company Limited. Garment dyeing process

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113322664B (zh) * 2021-05-27 2022-07-19 江南大学 一种特白棉织物的制备方法

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2020437A (en) * 1928-03-15 1935-11-12 Irwin J Smith Process for bleaching vegetable fibers
US2202335A (en) * 1937-07-30 1940-05-28 Ici Ltd Treatment of textiles
US2202332A (en) * 1937-08-04 1940-05-28 Ici Ltd Bleaching of textiles
US2334066A (en) * 1937-12-22 1943-11-09 Du Pont Textile treating process
US2366740A (en) * 1943-01-30 1945-01-09 Buffalo Electro Chem Co Bleaching fibers
FR945494A (fr) * 1945-05-04 1949-05-05 Du Pont Perfectionnements aux procédés de blanchiment
FR952514A (fr) * 1946-08-27 1949-11-18 Procédé de traitement du lin en vert
US2903327A (en) * 1957-07-03 1959-09-08 Allied Chem Naoci-h2o2 cotton cloth bleaching
US3030171A (en) * 1959-04-17 1962-04-17 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Process of bleaching sized cotton fabrics
US3077372A (en) * 1959-12-24 1963-02-12 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Sodium hydroxide and chlorine for in situ hypochlorite formation in pretreatment of cotton in peroxidic bleaching

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2020437A (en) * 1928-03-15 1935-11-12 Irwin J Smith Process for bleaching vegetable fibers
US2202335A (en) * 1937-07-30 1940-05-28 Ici Ltd Treatment of textiles
US2202332A (en) * 1937-08-04 1940-05-28 Ici Ltd Bleaching of textiles
US2334066A (en) * 1937-12-22 1943-11-09 Du Pont Textile treating process
US2366740A (en) * 1943-01-30 1945-01-09 Buffalo Electro Chem Co Bleaching fibers
FR945494A (fr) * 1945-05-04 1949-05-05 Du Pont Perfectionnements aux procédés de blanchiment
FR952514A (fr) * 1946-08-27 1949-11-18 Procédé de traitement du lin en vert
US2903327A (en) * 1957-07-03 1959-09-08 Allied Chem Naoci-h2o2 cotton cloth bleaching
US3030171A (en) * 1959-04-17 1962-04-17 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Process of bleaching sized cotton fabrics
US3077372A (en) * 1959-12-24 1963-02-12 Pennsalt Chemicals Corp Sodium hydroxide and chlorine for in situ hypochlorite formation in pretreatment of cotton in peroxidic bleaching

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4312634A (en) * 1972-12-06 1982-01-26 Jerome Katz Method for treating cellulosic materials prior to bleaching
US4120650A (en) * 1977-12-05 1978-10-17 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Laundering process for dual bleaching stained fabrics
EP0002380A1 (en) * 1977-12-05 1979-06-13 Basf Wyandotte Corporation Laundering process for dual-bleaching stained fabrics
US4595394A (en) * 1983-04-08 1986-06-17 Kao Corporation Agent for improving processability of cellulose fibers: acid polymer salts for improved scouring
US5234463A (en) * 1990-09-19 1993-08-10 Sando Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method for desizing and scouring of a cloth
US5407446A (en) * 1992-11-20 1995-04-18 Sando Iron Works Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for the pretreatment of a cloth
US20030093868A1 (en) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-22 Jane & Jone International Company Limited. Garment dyeing process

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FR1296983A (fr) 1962-06-22
GB933299A (en) 1963-08-08
NL268983A (en))
CH960061A4 (en)) 1963-09-13
CH374057A (fr) 1964-02-14

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