US3280546A - Nubbed yarn and process for making same - Google Patents

Nubbed yarn and process for making same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3280546A
US3280546A US374743A US37474364A US3280546A US 3280546 A US3280546 A US 3280546A US 374743 A US374743 A US 374743A US 37474364 A US37474364 A US 37474364A US 3280546 A US3280546 A US 3280546A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
strand
wrapping
core strand
yarn
loops
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US374743A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ronald F Spicer
Preston F Marshall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kendall Co
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Kendall Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kendall Co filed Critical Kendall Co
Priority to US374743A priority Critical patent/US3280546A/en
Priority to GB303/65A priority patent/GB1019680A/en
Priority to FR2038A priority patent/FR1425602A/fr
Priority to BR166759/65A priority patent/BR6566759D0/pt
Priority to DE1965K0055332 priority patent/DE1510706A1/de
Priority to NL6503320A priority patent/NL6503320A/xx
Priority to CH815565A priority patent/CH455598A/de
Priority to BE665316D priority patent/BE665316A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3280546A publication Critical patent/US3280546A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/34—Yarns or threads having slubs, knops, spirals, loops, tufts, or other irregular or decorative effects, i.e. effect yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H5/00—Drafting machines or arrangements ; Threading of roving into drafting machine
    • D01H5/18—Drafting machines or arrangements without fallers or like pinned bars
    • D01H5/32—Regulating or varying draft
    • D01H5/36—Regulating or varying draft according to a pre-arranged pattern, e.g. to produce slubs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/162—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam with provision for imparting irregular effects to the yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novelty yarn of the nub type.
  • nubbed yarn in which the nubs are formed by an interlocking engagement between a core strand and a wrapping strand, so that the nubs cannot be displaced or caused to slide along the core strand.
  • a nub in a yarn is generally a more abrupt discontinuity than the other types, and appears as a mass or ball of fibers or filaments scattered along the length of the yarn like popcorn threaded on a string. Due to their generally similar natures, it is not always possible to draw a strict differentiation between slubs and nubs.
  • Such yarns though useful for many textile applications, suffer from at least one drawback.
  • the core strand, about which the wrapping strand is disposed, is maintained under tension during the wrapping process.
  • the final wrap, or nub therefore, is disposed about a generally straight, smooth, unconvoluted core strand.
  • yarns of this type may show a tendency for the nubbed wrappings to slip or slide along the smooth core, bunching together and destroying the evenly-spaced nub effect which is generally desirable in fabrics made from such yarns.
  • the core strand is fed to the body of fluid not under tension but under a controlled degree of overfeed or slack, the core strand, during the wrapping operation, is twisted into a series of spaced-apart bifilar pedicled loops.
  • the wrapping strand protrudes in its own loop-like configuration from the core strand loops, and the resulting entanglement or engagement between wrapping strand and core strand is such as to resist substantially any attempt to slide or displace the resulting nub along the axis of the composite yarn.
  • FIGURE 1 represents a side elevation of a nubbed yarn of this invention.
  • FIGURES 2 through 6 represent the initial stages in the formation of the yarn of this invention, showing by stages the formation of convolutions in the core strand while it is being wrapped by the wrapping strand.
  • FIGURES 7 through 9 represent further stages in the development of pedicled loops in the core strand, the wrapping strand being omitted for clarity.
  • FIGURE 10 represents the interengagement of wrapping strand and core strand at the base of the pedicled loop of the latter, the wrapping strand engagement with the core strand in the rest of the loop again being omitted for clarity.
  • FIGURE 11 is a representation of a cross section taken along the yarn axis through one of the nubs of FIG- URE 1.
  • FIGURE 12 is a cross-sectional side view of a vortex tube suitable for producing the yarn of this invention.
  • FIGURE 13 is a cross-sectional end view of the tube of FIGURE 12.
  • FIGURE 14 represents schematically a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention.
  • the core strand 10 is supplied from a package 21, threaded over star wheels 22 and 24, and delivered to the vortex chamber 26 wherein it becomes textured as explained more fully hereinbelow.
  • one or more wrapping strands, 12 are delivered from a supply package 34, around the feed wheel 32, to the vortex chamber through the wrapping strand inlet 29.
  • the composite nubbed yarn 36 is drawn from the vortex tube, which is equipped with a tangentially-directed air stream through the inlet 28, and passes around star wheels 38 and 40 to guide roll 42 and Winder 44.
  • FIGURE 2 represents an initial stage in the development of a typical yarn of this invention, wherein the wrapping strand 12, being whirled around the core strand 10, is doubled thereabout in a bifilar configuration headed by a loop 13. Due to the slack in the core strand tension, at hump or bend is formed in this strand, as shown at 11.
  • the core strand rotates around the tube axis with a cranking motion at the same time as the highly overfed wrapping strand is wrapped around the core strand, as shown in FIGURE 3, where the bend in the core strand has been accentuated, leading to the formation of a core strand loop as shown in'F-IGURE 4.
  • the force of the whirling fluid has by this time created many bifilar loops of wrapping strand 12 to engage with the loop 11 of the core strand, some of these wrappingstrand loops passing through other wrapping strand loops as at 15, and some being twisted along their length, as shown at 17 in FIGURE 4.
  • the continued twisting and cranking motion imparted to the core strand then causes the bend or loop 11 to twist into a crunodal loop, as shown in FIGURE 5, said loop continuing to be twisted into a pedicled bifilar loop as shown in FIGURE 6.
  • the open portion of this loop is filled with bifilar wrapped loops of wrapping stran disposed about the core strand.
  • the characteristic loop formed in the core strand goes through the stages shown in FIGURES 7 and 8, developing numerous strand crossings along its pedicled stem. As the core strand loop is twisted more tightly, it tendst-o collapse into a tight ball as shown in FIGURE 9. In FIGURES 7, 8, and 9, the Wrapping strand has been omitted for clarity.
  • FIGURE 10 represents a typical action of the loops of wrapping strand at the base of the twisted loop of core strand, where the protruding loops of the Wrapping strand 12 are Whipped around the base of the core strand loop in an interlocking interengagement.
  • a similar effect is found also in the body of the nub: that is, as the yarn composite of FIGURE 4, for example, progresses to the tightly-twisted core configuration of FIGURE 9, the longer loops 15, and 17 of FIGURE 4 not only weave in and out of the twists that are developed in the core strand, but they are wrapped around the collapsing and tighting core strand loop configuration.
  • FIGURE '1 NATURE OF THE NUBBED YARN
  • the core strand 10 is gathered into a tightly twisted l-oop configuration (reflecting the stage shown in FIGURE 9), with the Wrapping strand 12 disposed in regular wrapping configuration between nubs, but within the nub being falsely wrapped around the core strand in loose doubled loops, and blossoming out into a voluminous burst of yarn expanded into three dimensions.
  • the multiplicity of radially-extending loops of wrapping strand tend to more or less completely obscure the knot-like convolution of the core strand shown in FIGURE 9, said convolution of the core strand generally being composed of a shorter length of strand than the length of wrapping strand present in the nub, and also generally being more tightly twisted.
  • the main body of the cell 50 is formed from a section of quartz or glass tubing, conveniently inch long with /2 inch outside diameter and 0.273 inch inside diameter.
  • the open ends of the tube 50 are partially filled by a piece of glass tubing 62 defining the core strand inlet 52, ,set in a rubber gasket '56, and on the outlet end by a piece of ceramic, brass, or glass tubing 60, defining the nubbed yarn outlet 54, and set in a rubber gasket58.
  • a convenient size for the entry tube 62 is 0.152 inch outside diameter, 0.089 inch inside diameter, and for the exit tube 60, 0.187 inch outside diameter and 0.147 inch inside diameter. These dimensions are illustrative, not restrictive, and may be varied, cells up to several inches in diameter having been constructed in accordance with this invention to operate on coarse cords or ultra-heavy strands.
  • the air inlet opening and the wrapping strand inlet opening are shown as dotted-lines 28 and 29 at FIGURES distances to which the inlet tube 62 and the exit tube 60 project into thecentral chamber of the vortex tube, and are adjustable, as set forth below.
  • nubbed yarn products can be made, Within the scope of this invention, by manipulating the variables in the process.
  • variables which have been found to influence the thickness or size and the spacingof the nubs along the composite strand are l the following:
  • composite nubbed yarns can be made in which the size of the nubs varies from about ,5 inch to A inch or more, size being measured by the diameter of the nub in an uncompressed state.
  • the spacing between nubs can be varied from an average of about /2 inch to an average of about 2 inches or more, the exact spacing being randomized around these averages.
  • the core strand was denier 68 filament nylon with /2 turn of Z-twist.
  • Example 1 Wrapping strand: 55 denier 15 filament dull acetate, with 2 turns of Z-twist.
  • Core strand feed rate 306 feet per minute.
  • Size of nubs about A inch in diameter.
  • Example 2 Example 3 Wrapping strand: denier 40 filament. dull acetate with 2 turns of Z-twist. Wrapping strand overfeed:.-19307 Composite yarn take-up speed: 125 feet per minute.
  • Core strand feet rate 485 feet per minute.
  • Core strand overfeed 288% Calculated denier of product: 3588 Measured denier: 3123 5 Size of nubs: about A inch in diameter.
  • Example 4 Wrapping strand: 75 denier filament dull acetate with 2 turns of Z-twist.
  • Core strand feed rate 548 feet per minute.
  • nubs are not precisely spaced equidistant from each other under any given set of conditions.
  • the average spacing between our spaced-apart nubs can be controlled, but individual spacing will vary around the average. Since nubbed yarns are frequently employed to make fabrics which are highly textured in a randomized fashion, our yarns are eminently suited for such purposes.
  • the process of this invention is not limited to the use of conventional textile yarns in either the core strand or the wrapping strand.
  • Glass strands, stretch strands (of the multifilament bulked or crimped type) and elastomeric strands such as rubber or spandex may be employed, as illustrated by the following examples.
  • Example 5 Using the same vortex cell and air pressure as in Examples 1 through 4, the following all-glass nubbed yarn was made:
  • Example 6 Again using the same vortex cell and air pressure as in Examples 1 through 4, a stretch-core nubbed yarn was made as follows:
  • Core strand denier 17 filament 2 ply, 7 turns of S- twist, Superloft stretch nylon yarn, a product of Leesona Corporation.
  • Wrapping strand 75 denier 20 filament dull acetate with 2 turns of Z-twist.
  • Composite yarn take-up speed 187 feet per minute.
  • This yarn is substantially inelastic as produced, and can be handled as any other inelastic yarn through a weaving or knitting process.
  • dry heat, or steaming, or hot water, etc. in finishing the fabric, the above yarns can be shrunk, with the development of an elastic extensibility.
  • Example 7 With the same conditions as in the previous examples, the following nubbed yarn was made:
  • Core strand 280 denier spandex.
  • Wrapping strand 75 denier 20 filament dull acetate, with 2 turns of Z-twist.
  • Composite yarn take-up 224 feet per minute.
  • spun yarns may be used as the core strand, as the wrapping strand, or both.
  • Plied yarns may be used as either or both core and wrapping strand, as well.
  • an overfeed of between 15% and 200% on the core strand In general we prefer to employ an overfeed of between 15% and 200% on the core strand, depending on the size and spacing of nubs desired.
  • nubs When nubs are cut from the composite yarn and untangled, it is found that from /2 inch to 5 inches of core strand, and from 4 inches to 20 inches of wrapping strand, have been gathered into each nub, within preferred processing ranges.
  • the wrapping strand and core strand are here spoken of independently, the wrapping strand is actually disposed around the core strand in the form of doubled loops while the core strand is simultaneously being formed into loops, as shown in FIGURES 4 through 10 and as explained above. This leads to a unique type of nub formation, characterized by a blossoming effect and a resistance to slippage of the nubs along the axis of the composite yarn.
  • a nubbed yarn comprising at least one core strand and at least one wrapping strand
  • said wrapping strand being intimately associated with said core strand in the form of doubled-back bifilar loops wound for a multiplicity of turns around said core strand and possessing no net true twist about said core strand, the wrapped core strand being at spaced-apart intervals twisted into pedicled loops, the core strand constituting said pedicled loops being associated, within said pedicled loops, in entangled relationship with said 'bifilar loops of wrapping strand, said pedicled loops of core strand, together with the wrapping strand associated therewith within said pedicled loops constituting a series of nubs spaced along the length of the composite yarn, said nubs being characterized by substantial resistance to displacement along the length of said yarn.
  • a process for producing a wrapped nubbed yarn which comprises continuously overfeedi'ng a core strand into a vortex cell containing a whirling mass of fluid, in a direction normal to said whirling mass,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US374743A 1964-06-12 1964-06-12 Nubbed yarn and process for making same Expired - Lifetime US3280546A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US374743A US3280546A (en) 1964-06-12 1964-06-12 Nubbed yarn and process for making same
GB303/65A GB1019680A (en) 1964-06-12 1965-01-04 Nubbed yarn and process for making same
FR2038A FR1425602A (fr) 1964-06-12 1965-01-15 Fil de fantaisie et son procédé de fabrication
BR166759/65A BR6566759D0 (pt) 1964-06-12 1965-01-29 Nova filaca
DE1965K0055332 DE1510706A1 (de) 1964-06-12 1965-02-19 Schlingen- oder Flockenzwirn und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
NL6503320A NL6503320A (pt) 1964-06-12 1965-03-16
CH815565A CH455598A (de) 1964-06-12 1965-06-11 Genopptes Garn
BE665316D BE665316A (pt) 1964-06-12 1965-06-11

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US374743A US3280546A (en) 1964-06-12 1964-06-12 Nubbed yarn and process for making same

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US3280546A true US3280546A (en) 1966-10-25

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US374743A Expired - Lifetime US3280546A (en) 1964-06-12 1964-06-12 Nubbed yarn and process for making same

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US (1) US3280546A (pt)
BE (1) BE665316A (pt)
BR (1) BR6566759D0 (pt)
CH (1) CH455598A (pt)
DE (1) DE1510706A1 (pt)
FR (1) FR1425602A (pt)
GB (1) GB1019680A (pt)
NL (1) NL6503320A (pt)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3336743A (en) * 1965-12-06 1967-08-22 Kendall & Co Composite yarn and process therefor
US3357171A (en) * 1966-02-25 1967-12-12 Kendall & Co Variable denier wrapped yarn
US3388546A (en) * 1966-11-16 1968-06-18 Kendall & Co Nubbed elastic yarn and method of making same
US3458988A (en) * 1968-04-24 1969-08-05 Kendall & Co Novelty loop yarn and process therefor
EA038698B1 (ru) * 2019-04-30 2021-10-06 Юнтекс Текстил Санайи Ве Тиджарет Лимитед Ширкети Трикотажная пряжа и способ образования трикотажного изделия
US20230295843A1 (en) * 2022-03-15 2023-09-21 Kaiping Panther Textiles Co., Ltd. Twisted yarn, twisted yarn production device and twisted yarn production process

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8322521D0 (en) * 1983-08-22 1983-09-21 Mackie & Sons Ltd J Textile machines

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3041812A (en) * 1959-12-10 1962-07-03 Kendall & Co Process and apparatus for making novelty yarn
US3078653A (en) * 1961-07-21 1963-02-26 Kendall & Co Wrapped elastic yarn
US3082591A (en) * 1961-10-18 1963-03-26 Kendall & Co Apparatus and process for manufacturing wrapped yarns

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3041812A (en) * 1959-12-10 1962-07-03 Kendall & Co Process and apparatus for making novelty yarn
US3078653A (en) * 1961-07-21 1963-02-26 Kendall & Co Wrapped elastic yarn
US3082591A (en) * 1961-10-18 1963-03-26 Kendall & Co Apparatus and process for manufacturing wrapped yarns

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3336743A (en) * 1965-12-06 1967-08-22 Kendall & Co Composite yarn and process therefor
US3357171A (en) * 1966-02-25 1967-12-12 Kendall & Co Variable denier wrapped yarn
US3388546A (en) * 1966-11-16 1968-06-18 Kendall & Co Nubbed elastic yarn and method of making same
US3458988A (en) * 1968-04-24 1969-08-05 Kendall & Co Novelty loop yarn and process therefor
EA038698B1 (ru) * 2019-04-30 2021-10-06 Юнтекс Текстил Санайи Ве Тиджарет Лимитед Ширкети Трикотажная пряжа и способ образования трикотажного изделия
US20230295843A1 (en) * 2022-03-15 2023-09-21 Kaiping Panther Textiles Co., Ltd. Twisted yarn, twisted yarn production device and twisted yarn production process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1510706A1 (de) 1970-01-02
FR1425602A (fr) 1966-01-24
BE665316A (pt) 1965-10-01
CH455598A (de) 1968-07-15
GB1019680A (en) 1966-02-09
NL6503320A (pt) 1965-12-13
BR6566759D0 (pt) 1973-01-09

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