US3280295A - Device for projecting pulverulent materials by means of a plasma torch - Google Patents

Device for projecting pulverulent materials by means of a plasma torch Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3280295A
US3280295A US291852A US29185263A US3280295A US 3280295 A US3280295 A US 3280295A US 291852 A US291852 A US 291852A US 29185263 A US29185263 A US 29185263A US 3280295 A US3280295 A US 3280295A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
axis
jet
conduit
supply conduit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US291852A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mondain-Monval Gerard
Audric Guy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3280295A publication Critical patent/US3280295A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying

Definitions

  • the present invent-ion relates to a device for the projection of pulverulent metallic or refractory materials by means of a jet of ionized gases and brought to very high temperature by a constricted electric arc (plasma), the pulverulent material being introduced into the gas jet of the arc by an auxiliary gaseous current in which the powder to be projected is in suspension.
  • a constricted electric arc plasma
  • Apparatus of this type is already known in which the gaseous current containing the powder in suspension is injected into the main jet through a radial conduit opening into the end portion of the projection nozzle.
  • this arrangement only enables a homogeneous distribution of the powder in the gas jet to be obtained by means of delicate and diiiicult adjustments.
  • the apparatus forming the subject of the present invention enables this disadvantage to be overcome and it is characterised in that the supply conduit for the pulverulent material in suspension in this auxiliary gaseous current opens into the apparatus upstream of the neck of the nozzle through which escapes the gas jet of the arc and is disposed on the one hand at an angle less than or equal to 45 in relation to the axis of said nozzle, while on the other hand the axis of this conduit does not meet the electrode from whence the arc strikes.
  • this powder Due to the powder being injected upstream of the nozzle neck, this powder is in contact for a longer time and in more intimate manner with the gas column of the arc, this powder is distributed more regularly in this column, and in addition the fusion of the powder is effected because of this prolonged contact with a better yield and can be obtained with a lower electrical power.
  • FIGURE 1 is an axial section of a first embodiment of the invention as applied to a plasma apparatus.
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view, partly broken away, showing a second embodiment with a transverse nozzle.
  • FIGURE 3 is an axial section of a third embodiment comprising an adjustable nozzle.
  • the conduit for introducing the powder into the plasma jet is so dis-posed that an extension thereof does not meet either the walls of the nozzle or the cathode, in order to avoid depositions on these elements of the fused pulverulent material.
  • the apparatus com-prises a body 1 having a cooling water circulation 2, 3 and axially of which is formed a bore 4 containing the cathode 5 and into which is blown the gas which will be ionized and brought to high temperature by the arc striking from the cathode 5.
  • the bore 4 opens on to an outlet face 6, which is oblique relatively to the axis of the cathode 5 and the said bore and on to which also opens the supply conduit 7 for the powdered material, which conduit is disposed obliquely in relation to the axis of the cathode 5, and at a relatively small acute angle, so that the extension of this conduit does not meet the point of the cathode penetrating into the cone 8 of the discharge nozzle for the jet, the body 9 of said jet being provided with a cooling circuit '10,
  • the apparatus comprises a lateral projection nozzle, i.e., a nozzle perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the apparatus, and this arrangement is particularly useful in the case where the projected pulverulen-t material is to "form a lining of the internal wall of a bore or of a hollow body.
  • the cylindrical body '13 of .the apparatus comprises an internal axial tube 14 serving as the mounting for the cathode 15 and for the passage of the gas which is intended to form the plasma jet.
  • a delivery member Connected to the body 13 by means of a fluidtight joint 16 is a delivery member comprising a likewise cylindrical body 17 in which is formed a radial projection nozzle 18, of which the inlet funnel 19 opens into an axial bore 20 forming a seating for the tube '14 containing the cathode '15, the tip 21 of which is located on the axis of the nozzle 18.
  • a supply conduit 22 for the pul verulen't material to be projected opens into the entry cone 19 of the nozzle at the top and from the side opposite to the exit of the nozzle.
  • a packing 23 Mounted on the body 17 by means of a packing 23 is a hollow cap 24, the interior of which communicates with longitudinal ducts 25, 25' formed in body 17 and forming part of the cooling circuit.
  • the body 17 and the cap 24 are connected to the body 13 of the apparatus by means of studs 26 and nuts 27.
  • the apparatus is equipped with an adjustable nozzle which enables the plasma jet entraining the material in powder form to be directed in all directions between that of the longitudinal axis of the apparatus and a direction perpendicular to the latter, so as to permit the apparatus to be used for the treatment of external and internal surfaces of elements of very diiferent shapes.
  • the body 28 of the apparatus carrying the electrode 29 has mounted thereon a delivery portion which is formed by a tubular part 30 having an axis X'-X and connected to the apparatus 28 through the joint 31 by means of a locking nut 32.
  • a plate 33 Fixed on the end of the tube 30 is a plate 33 which is inclined at 45 relatively to the axis of the tube 30 and of the electrode 29, this plate having an oblique opening 34 extending the bore of the tube 30; formed on its periphery is a groove 35 receiving a packing ring '36, by means of which an adjustable head 37 is mounted on the plate 33, the said head being able to turn about the axis Y'-Y of the plate 33.
  • a projection nozzle 38 Formed in the head 37 is a projection nozzle 38, having an axis Z'Z which forms an angle of 45 with the axis of rotation YY and the inlet 39 of which is connected to the opening 34 and to the tube 30; a supply conduit for the powder also opens into this inlet 39, said conduit being disposed perpendicularly on the axis of rotation Y'Y.
  • Apparatus for the project-ion of pulver-ulent materials by means of a jet of ionized gas brought to a very high temperature by a constricted electric arc comprising a nozzle, a supply conduit for the pulvenulent material opening into the nozzle upstream of the neck of the nozzle and making an angle of not more than 45 with the axis of the nozzle, and an electrode extending into the nozzle with the tip of the electrode spaced from the axis of the supply conduit, the axes of the supply conduit and electrode making an acute angle with each other and with the axis of the nozzle, the angle of the supply conduit axis with the nozzle axis being smaller than the angle of the electrode axis with the nozzle axis.
  • Apparatus for the projection of pulverulent materials by means of a jet of ionized gas brought to a very high temperature by a constricted electric arc compnising a nozzle, a supply conduit for the pulverulent material opening into the nozzle upstream of the neck of the nozzle and making an angle of not more than 45 with the axis of the nozzle, and an electrode extending into the nozzle with the tip of the electrode spaced from the axis of the supply conduit, said nozzle comprising a conical inlet chamber, means mounting the electrode in a tube, the entry cone of said nozzle being connected to said tube by one of its generatrices disposed in the extension of the lower generatrix of the tube.
  • Apparatus for the projection of pulverulent materials by means of a jet of ionized gas brought to a very high temperature by a constricted, electric arc comprising a nozzle, a supply conduit for the pulverulent material opening into the nozzle and substantially aligned with .the axis thereof, and an electrode extending into the nozzle laterally thereof with the tip of the electrode spaced from the tubular projection of the conduit.
  • Apparatus for the projection of pulverulent materials by means of a jet of ionized gas brought to a very high temperature by a constricted electric arc comprising a nozzle, a supply conduit for the pulverulent material opening into the nozzle upstream of the neck of the nozzle making an angle of not more than 45 with the axis of the nozzle, and an electrode'extending into the nozzlewith the tip of the electrode spaced from the axis of the supply conduit, means mounting the nozzle and supply conduit for rotation about an axis inclined relative to the axis of the electrode, the axis of the supply conduit being perpendicular to said axis of rotation.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
US291852A 1962-07-27 1963-07-01 Device for projecting pulverulent materials by means of a plasma torch Expired - Lifetime US3280295A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR905360A FR1336871A (fr) 1962-07-27 1962-07-27 Dispositif pour la projection de matériaux pulvérulents au moyen d'une torche à plasma

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3280295A true US3280295A (en) 1966-10-18

Family

ID=8784114

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US291852A Expired - Lifetime US3280295A (en) 1962-07-27 1963-07-01 Device for projecting pulverulent materials by means of a plasma torch

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3280295A (sv)
BE (1) BE634713A (sv)
DE (1) DE1546810A1 (sv)
ES (1) ES289621A1 (sv)
FR (1) FR1336871A (sv)
GB (1) GB1022556A (sv)
LU (1) LU44007A1 (sv)
NL (1) NL295695A (sv)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3496280A (en) * 1968-08-15 1970-02-17 United States Steel Corp Method of refining steel in plasma-arc remelting
US3707615A (en) * 1971-11-12 1972-12-26 Metco Inc Nozzle for a plasma generator
US3830997A (en) * 1971-09-17 1974-08-20 Philips Corp Method of and device for the thermal working and processing of high-melting-point materials
US4423304A (en) * 1981-02-20 1983-12-27 Bass Harold E Plasma welding torch
WO1990015516A1 (fr) * 1989-06-08 1990-12-13 Suennen Jean Procede et dispositif d'obtention de hautes temperatures
EP0766502A1 (en) * 1995-09-28 1997-04-02 Sulzer Metco (Irvine) Inc. Single cathode plasma gun with powder feed along central axis of exit barrel
US20090314520A1 (en) * 2006-12-23 2009-12-24 Leoni Ag Method and Apparatus for Spraying on a Track, in Particular a Conductor Track, and Electrical Component with a Conductor Track
US9211603B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2015-12-15 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma gouging torch and angled nozzle therefor

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3430383A1 (de) * 1984-08-17 1986-02-27 Plasmainvent AG, Zug Plasmaspritzbrenner fuer innenbeschichtungen
US5518178A (en) * 1994-03-02 1996-05-21 Sermatech International Inc. Thermal spray nozzle method for producing rough thermal spray coatings and coatings produced
US5858469A (en) * 1995-11-30 1999-01-12 Sermatech International, Inc. Method and apparatus for applying coatings using a nozzle assembly having passageways of differing diameter

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2973426A (en) * 1956-06-05 1961-02-28 Joseph J Casey Electric-arc torch
US3071678A (en) * 1960-11-15 1963-01-01 Union Carbide Corp Arc welding process and apparatus
US3179782A (en) * 1962-02-07 1965-04-20 Matvay Leo Plasma flame jet spray gun with a controlled arc region
US3183337A (en) * 1961-06-13 1965-05-11 Giannini Scient Corp Electrical plasma-jet spray torch and method
US3197605A (en) * 1961-02-06 1965-07-27 Soudure Autogene Elect Constricted electric arc apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2973426A (en) * 1956-06-05 1961-02-28 Joseph J Casey Electric-arc torch
US3071678A (en) * 1960-11-15 1963-01-01 Union Carbide Corp Arc welding process and apparatus
US3197605A (en) * 1961-02-06 1965-07-27 Soudure Autogene Elect Constricted electric arc apparatus
US3183337A (en) * 1961-06-13 1965-05-11 Giannini Scient Corp Electrical plasma-jet spray torch and method
US3179782A (en) * 1962-02-07 1965-04-20 Matvay Leo Plasma flame jet spray gun with a controlled arc region

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3496280A (en) * 1968-08-15 1970-02-17 United States Steel Corp Method of refining steel in plasma-arc remelting
US3830997A (en) * 1971-09-17 1974-08-20 Philips Corp Method of and device for the thermal working and processing of high-melting-point materials
US3707615A (en) * 1971-11-12 1972-12-26 Metco Inc Nozzle for a plasma generator
US4423304A (en) * 1981-02-20 1983-12-27 Bass Harold E Plasma welding torch
WO1990015516A1 (fr) * 1989-06-08 1990-12-13 Suennen Jean Procede et dispositif d'obtention de hautes temperatures
EP0766502A1 (en) * 1995-09-28 1997-04-02 Sulzer Metco (Irvine) Inc. Single cathode plasma gun with powder feed along central axis of exit barrel
JPH09170060A (ja) * 1995-09-28 1997-06-30 Sulzer Metco Irvine Inc 単一陰極プラズマ銃及びそれに用いる陽極アタッチメント
US5837959A (en) * 1995-09-28 1998-11-17 Sulzer Metco (Us) Inc. Single cathode plasma gun with powder feed along central axis of exit barrel
US20090314520A1 (en) * 2006-12-23 2009-12-24 Leoni Ag Method and Apparatus for Spraying on a Track, in Particular a Conductor Track, and Electrical Component with a Conductor Track
US8241710B2 (en) * 2006-12-23 2012-08-14 Leoni Ag Method and apparatus for spraying on a track, in particular a conductor track, and electrical component with a conductor track
US9211603B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2015-12-15 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma gouging torch and angled nozzle therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1336871A (fr) 1963-09-06
GB1022556A (en) 1966-03-16
ES289621A1 (es) 1963-11-01
BE634713A (sv) 1900-01-01
LU44007A1 (sv) 1963-09-04
DE1546810A1 (de) 1970-10-22
NL295695A (sv) 1900-01-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3280295A (en) Device for projecting pulverulent materials by means of a plasma torch
US3312566A (en) Rod-feed torch apparatus and method
KR100199782B1 (ko) 물분사 노즐 조립체를 가진 플라즈마 아크토치
KR930005953B1 (ko) 개량 플라즈마 아아크 토오치 시동방법
US3149222A (en) Electrical plasma-jet apparatus and method incorporating multiple electrodes
US5008511A (en) Plasma torch with axial reactant feed
US5109150A (en) Open-arc plasma wire spray method and apparatus
US3387110A (en) Apparatus for uniform feeding of powder into a plasma spray gun
US3179782A (en) Plasma flame jet spray gun with a controlled arc region
US3246114A (en) Process for plasma flame formation
US5747767A (en) Extended water-injection nozzle assembly with improved centering
US2960594A (en) Plasma flame generator
US3294953A (en) Plasma torch electrode and assembly
US3183337A (en) Electrical plasma-jet spray torch and method
US4540121A (en) Highly concentrated supersonic material flame spray method and apparatus
US5420391A (en) Plasma torch with axial injection of feedstock
CA2061181A1 (en) Plasma spray apparatus for spraying powdery or gaseous material
GB1320809A (en) Plasma spray device
JPH07100230B2 (ja) 改善されたノズル組立体を具備するプラズマアークトーチ
US3707615A (en) Nozzle for a plasma generator
US3140380A (en) Device for coating substrates
US3235700A (en) Apparatus for projecting materials in powder form by means of a concentrated electric arc
DE4239822C2 (de) Lichtbogenplasma-Brenner zum Unterwasserbrennschneiden
US3495066A (en) Electric-arc welding with a protective gas flux
US2973426A (en) Electric-arc torch