US3235700A - Apparatus for projecting materials in powder form by means of a concentrated electric arc - Google Patents

Apparatus for projecting materials in powder form by means of a concentrated electric arc Download PDF

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Publication number
US3235700A
US3235700A US291851A US29185163A US3235700A US 3235700 A US3235700 A US 3235700A US 291851 A US291851 A US 291851A US 29185163 A US29185163 A US 29185163A US 3235700 A US3235700 A US 3235700A
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
powder form
powder
electric arc
concentrated electric
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US291851A
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Mondain-Monval Gerard
Audric Guy
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Air Liquide SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the projection of materials in powder form, more especially for obtaining me tallic or refractory coatings on articles of any type, by means of a jet of ionised gas which is brought to very high temperature by an electric arc (plasma) or a blow-pipe flame.
  • a jet of ionised gas which is brought to very high temperature by an electric arc (plasma) or a blow-pipe flame.
  • Apparatus of this type is already known in which the powder to be projected, suspended in an auxiliary gaseous current, is introduced into the plasma jet or into the flame through a radial conduit of circular section opening into the end portion of the neck of the nozzle through which the said jet escapes, and in fact downstream of the inlet of the nozzle.
  • the apparatus forming the subject of the present invention enables these disadvantages to be overcome; it is characterized in that the powder supply conduit extending through the wall of the nozzle has in the direction at right angles to the axis of said nozzle a width approximately equal to the diameter of the nozzle, while its depth, measured parallel to the axis of the nozzle, is sutliciently small to spread out the jet of powder as a thin sheet perpendicular to the axis of the hot gas jet, which jet intercepts the said sheet over its entire Width so that the grains of powder are distributed regularly over the entire section of the jet.
  • This conduit may in particular be formed by a simple incision or milling formed in the nozzle at right angles to its axis.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the end of the projection nozzle.
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the powder supply device.
  • FIGURE 3 is an axial section of the end of a plasma I United States Patent Patented Feb. 15, 1966 projection apparatus equipped with the device according to the invention.
  • the nozzle 1 has in its end portion a transverse passage 2 formed by an incision, a milling or a simple saw cut at right angles to the axis of the nozzle and extending to the Vicinity of the horizontal diametrical plane of the nozzle so as to open into the duct 3 of the latter through an opening at an angle in the region of
  • the supply tube 4 for the auxiliary gas jet containing the powder to be projected in suspension is connected to the opening 2 by means of a collar 5 of a material with a relatively low heat-conductive power, for example stainless steel, fitting over the end 1 of the nozzle, on which it may be secured by a locking screw 6.
  • the collar 5 is shown in position on the external end bearing surface 1 of the nozzle of a plasma torch.
  • the powder conduit 4 opens into the collar 5 facing the milling 2 of the nozzle, which opens into the central duct 3 of the nozzle, perpendicularly of the axis of the latter.
  • the nozzle is provided with an external shoulder 7 which enables the collar 5 to be secured in position with the conduit 4 just facing the milling 2 of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle is extended towards the interior of the torch by a sleeve 8 surrounding the central electrode 9 and constituting the internal wall of a chamber 10 in which the cooling water for the nozzle circulates, the external Wall of this chamber being formed by the body 11 of the torch, to which the nozzle is fixed by a cap nut 12 with interposition of a packing 13.
  • Apparatus for introducing materials in powder form into a projection nozzle comprising an opening through the wall of the nozzle having a width substantially equal to the diameter of the nozzle and a height less than the width, and means for supplying powder to said opening.
  • Apparatus for projecting materials in powder form into a nozzle comprising an incision in the wall of the nozzle and means for supplying powder to said incision, said incision intersecting the inner wall of the nozzle along substantially half the periphery of the cross-section of said inner wall and having a height less than the inner diameter of the nozzle.
  • An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said supplying means comprises a collar of low heat conductivity, an opening through said collar, and a tube connected to the collar.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

Description

:- Feb. 15, 1966 G. MONDAlN-MONVAL ETAL 3,235,700
APPARATUS FOR PROJECTING MATERIALS IN POWDER FORM BY MEANS OF A CONCENTRATED ELECTRIC ARC Filed July 1, 1965 Pisa 3,235,700 APPARATUS FOR PROEECTiNG MATERIALS IN POWDER FORM BY MEANS UP A CONCEN- TRATED ELECTRIC ARC Grard Mondain-Monval and Guy Audric, Paris, France, assignors to LAir Liquide, Soeiete Anonyme pour IEtude et lExploitation des precedes Georges Claude Filed July 1, 1963, Ser. No. 291,851 Claims priority, application France, July 27, 1962, 905,359, Patent 1,336,870 3 Claims. (Cl. 219-46) The present invention relates to the projection of materials in powder form, more especially for obtaining me tallic or refractory coatings on articles of any type, by means of a jet of ionised gas which is brought to very high temperature by an electric arc (plasma) or a blow-pipe flame. Apparatus of this type is already known in which the powder to be projected, suspended in an auxiliary gaseous current, is introduced into the plasma jet or into the flame through a radial conduit of circular section opening into the end portion of the neck of the nozzle through which the said jet escapes, and in fact downstream of the inlet of the nozzle. This method of introducing the powdcr into the column of hot gas or flames requires difiicult adjustments in the injection of the powder in order to obtain a good distribution of the powder grains within this column. In addition, the inlet tube for the powder, which is connected by means of a flange to the radial conduit opening into the neck of the column, is considerably overheated.
The apparatus forming the subject of the present invention enables these disadvantages to be overcome; it is characterized in that the powder supply conduit extending through the wall of the nozzle has in the direction at right angles to the axis of said nozzle a width approximately equal to the diameter of the nozzle, while its depth, measured parallel to the axis of the nozzle, is sutliciently small to spread out the jet of powder as a thin sheet perpendicular to the axis of the hot gas jet, which jet intercepts the said sheet over its entire Width so that the grains of powder are distributed regularly over the entire section of the jet.
This conduit may in particular be formed by a simple incision or milling formed in the nozzle at right angles to its axis.
By way of example, one embodiment of the invention is hereinafter described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of the end of the projection nozzle.
FIGURE 2 is a perspective view of the powder supply device.
FIGURE 3 is an axial section of the end of a plasma I United States Patent Patented Feb. 15, 1966 projection apparatus equipped with the device according to the invention.
As shown in FIGURE 1, the nozzle 1 has in its end portion a transverse passage 2 formed by an incision, a milling or a simple saw cut at right angles to the axis of the nozzle and extending to the Vicinity of the horizontal diametrical plane of the nozzle so as to open into the duct 3 of the latter through an opening at an angle in the region of The supply tube 4 for the auxiliary gas jet containing the powder to be projected in suspension is connected to the opening 2 by means of a collar 5 of a material with a relatively low heat-conductive power, for example stainless steel, fitting over the end 1 of the nozzle, on which it may be secured by a locking screw 6.
In FIGURE 3, the collar 5 is shown in position on the external end bearing surface 1 of the nozzle of a plasma torch. The powder conduit 4 opens into the collar 5 facing the milling 2 of the nozzle, which opens into the central duct 3 of the nozzle, perpendicularly of the axis of the latter.
The nozzle is provided with an external shoulder 7 which enables the collar 5 to be secured in position with the conduit 4 just facing the milling 2 of the nozzle.
In known manner, the nozzle is extended towards the interior of the torch by a sleeve 8 surrounding the central electrode 9 and constituting the internal wall of a chamber 10 in which the cooling water for the nozzle circulates, the external Wall of this chamber being formed by the body 11 of the torch, to which the nozzle is fixed by a cap nut 12 with interposition of a packing 13.
What we claim is:
1. Apparatus for introducing materials in powder form into a projection nozzle comprising an opening through the wall of the nozzle having a width substantially equal to the diameter of the nozzle and a height less than the width, and means for supplying powder to said opening.
2. Apparatus for projecting materials in powder form into a nozzle comprising an incision in the wall of the nozzle and means for supplying powder to said incision, said incision intersecting the inner wall of the nozzle along substantially half the periphery of the cross-section of said inner wall and having a height less than the inner diameter of the nozzle.
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein said supplying means comprises a collar of low heat conductivity, an opening through said collar, and a tube connected to the collar.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,010,009 11/1961 Ducati 219-76 RICHARD M. WOOD, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. APPARATUS FOR INTRODUCING MATERIALS IN POWDER FORM INTO A PROJECTION NOZZLE COMPRISING AN OPENING THROUGH THE WALL OF THE NOZZLE HAVING A WIDTH SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO THE DIAMETER OF THE NOZZLE AND A HIGHT LESS THAN THE WIDTH, AND MEANS FOR SUPPLYING POWDER TO SAID OPENING.
US291851A 1962-07-27 1963-07-01 Apparatus for projecting materials in powder form by means of a concentrated electric arc Expired - Lifetime US3235700A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR905359A FR1336870A (en) 1962-07-27 1962-07-27 Apparatus for projecting powdery materials by means of a concentrated electric arc

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US (1) US3235700A (en)
BE (1) BE634714A (en)
DE (1) DE1261789B (en)
ES (1) ES289618A1 (en)
FR (1) FR1336870A (en)
GB (1) GB969746A (en)
LU (1) LU44018A1 (en)
NL (1) NL295849A (en)

Cited By (18)

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WO2004028222A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-04-01 Volvo Aero Corporation A thermal spraying device
US20040129222A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-07-08 Volvo Aero Corporation Thermal spraying device
US20080277092A1 (en) * 2005-04-19 2008-11-13 Layman Frederick P Water cooling system and heat transfer system
US20110143041A1 (en) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 SDCmaterials, Inc. Non-plugging d.c. plasma gun
US20110143933A1 (en) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 SDCmaterials, Inc. Advanced catalysts for automotive applications
US20110143916A1 (en) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 SDCmaterials, Inc. Catalyst production method and system
US20110143930A1 (en) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 SDCmaterials, Inc. Tunable size of nano-active material on nano-support
US8859035B1 (en) 2009-12-15 2014-10-14 SDCmaterials, Inc. Powder treatment for enhanced flowability
US8969237B2 (en) 2011-08-19 2015-03-03 SDCmaterials, Inc. Coated substrates for use in catalysis and catalytic converters and methods of coating substrates with washcoat compositions
US9089840B2 (en) 2007-10-15 2015-07-28 SDCmaterials, Inc. Method and system for forming plug and play oxide catalysts
US9156025B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2015-10-13 SDCmaterials, Inc. Three-way catalytic converter using nanoparticles
US9216406B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2015-12-22 SDCmaterials, Inc. Wet chemical and plasma methods of forming stable PtPd catalysts
US9427732B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2016-08-30 SDCmaterials, Inc. Catalyst design for heavy-duty diesel combustion engines
US9511352B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2016-12-06 SDCmaterials, Inc. Three-way catalytic converter using nanoparticles
US9517448B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2016-12-13 SDCmaterials, Inc. Compositions of lean NOx trap (LNT) systems and methods of making and using same
US9522388B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2016-12-20 SDCmaterials, Inc. Pinning and affixing nano-active material
US9586179B2 (en) 2013-07-25 2017-03-07 SDCmaterials, Inc. Washcoats and coated substrates for catalytic converters and methods of making and using same
US9687811B2 (en) 2014-03-21 2017-06-27 SDCmaterials, Inc. Compositions for passive NOx adsorption (PNA) systems and methods of making and using same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3010009A (en) * 1958-09-29 1961-11-21 Plasmadyne Corp Method and apparatus for uniting materials in a controlled medium

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1260262A (en) * 1959-08-21 1961-05-05 Metallizing Engineering Co Inc Apparatus such as a sprayer and method for spraying powdered material with the aid of a flame constituted by a plasma

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3010009A (en) * 1958-09-29 1961-11-21 Plasmadyne Corp Method and apparatus for uniting materials in a controlled medium

Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20040129222A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-07-08 Volvo Aero Corporation Thermal spraying device
US7557324B2 (en) * 2002-09-18 2009-07-07 Volvo Aero Corporation Backstream-preventing thermal spraying device
WO2004028222A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-04-01 Volvo Aero Corporation A thermal spraying device
US9216398B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2015-12-22 SDCmaterials, Inc. Method and apparatus for making uniform and ultrasmall nanoparticles
US20080277092A1 (en) * 2005-04-19 2008-11-13 Layman Frederick P Water cooling system and heat transfer system
US9023754B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2015-05-05 SDCmaterials, Inc. Nano-skeletal catalyst
US9719727B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2017-08-01 SDCmaterials, Inc. Fluid recirculation system for use in vapor phase particle production system
US9599405B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2017-03-21 SDCmaterials, Inc. Highly turbulent quench chamber
US9180423B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2015-11-10 SDCmaterials, Inc. Highly turbulent quench chamber
US9132404B2 (en) 2005-04-19 2015-09-15 SDCmaterials, Inc. Gas delivery system with constant overpressure relative to ambient to system with varying vacuum suction
US9592492B2 (en) 2007-10-15 2017-03-14 SDCmaterials, Inc. Method and system for forming plug and play oxide catalysts
US9302260B2 (en) 2007-10-15 2016-04-05 SDCmaterials, Inc. Method and system for forming plug and play metal catalysts
US9186663B2 (en) 2007-10-15 2015-11-17 SDCmaterials, Inc. Method and system for forming plug and play metal compound catalysts
US9597662B2 (en) 2007-10-15 2017-03-21 SDCmaterials, Inc. Method and system for forming plug and play metal compound catalysts
US9737878B2 (en) 2007-10-15 2017-08-22 SDCmaterials, Inc. Method and system for forming plug and play metal catalysts
US9089840B2 (en) 2007-10-15 2015-07-28 SDCmaterials, Inc. Method and system for forming plug and play oxide catalysts
US9533289B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2017-01-03 SDCmaterials, Inc. Advanced catalysts for automotive applications
US20110143930A1 (en) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 SDCmaterials, Inc. Tunable size of nano-active material on nano-support
US9149797B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2015-10-06 SDCmaterials, Inc. Catalyst production method and system
US20110143041A1 (en) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 SDCmaterials, Inc. Non-plugging d.c. plasma gun
US8992820B1 (en) 2009-12-15 2015-03-31 SDCmaterials, Inc. Fracture toughness of ceramics
US20110143933A1 (en) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 SDCmaterials, Inc. Advanced catalysts for automotive applications
US20110143916A1 (en) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 SDCmaterials, Inc. Catalyst production method and system
US8932514B1 (en) 2009-12-15 2015-01-13 SDCmaterials, Inc. Fracture toughness of glass
US8906498B1 (en) 2009-12-15 2014-12-09 SDCmaterials, Inc. Sandwich of impact resistant material
US9308524B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2016-04-12 SDCmaterials, Inc. Advanced catalysts for automotive applications
US9332636B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2016-05-03 SDCmaterials, Inc. Sandwich of impact resistant material
US9126191B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2015-09-08 SDCmaterials, Inc. Advanced catalysts for automotive applications
US8803025B2 (en) * 2009-12-15 2014-08-12 SDCmaterials, Inc. Non-plugging D.C. plasma gun
US8859035B1 (en) 2009-12-15 2014-10-14 SDCmaterials, Inc. Powder treatment for enhanced flowability
US9522388B2 (en) 2009-12-15 2016-12-20 SDCmaterials, Inc. Pinning and affixing nano-active material
US9433938B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2016-09-06 SDCmaterials, Inc. Wet chemical and plasma methods of forming stable PTPD catalysts
US9216406B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2015-12-22 SDCmaterials, Inc. Wet chemical and plasma methods of forming stable PtPd catalysts
US8969237B2 (en) 2011-08-19 2015-03-03 SDCmaterials, Inc. Coated substrates for use in catalysis and catalytic converters and methods of coating substrates with washcoat compositions
US9498751B2 (en) 2011-08-19 2016-11-22 SDCmaterials, Inc. Coated substrates for use in catalysis and catalytic converters and methods of coating substrates with washcoat compositions
US9533299B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2017-01-03 SDCmaterials, Inc. Three-way catalytic converter using nanoparticles
US9511352B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2016-12-06 SDCmaterials, Inc. Three-way catalytic converter using nanoparticles
US9156025B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2015-10-13 SDCmaterials, Inc. Three-way catalytic converter using nanoparticles
US9586179B2 (en) 2013-07-25 2017-03-07 SDCmaterials, Inc. Washcoats and coated substrates for catalytic converters and methods of making and using same
US9566568B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2017-02-14 SDCmaterials, Inc. Catalyst design for heavy-duty diesel combustion engines
US9427732B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2016-08-30 SDCmaterials, Inc. Catalyst design for heavy-duty diesel combustion engines
US9517448B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2016-12-13 SDCmaterials, Inc. Compositions of lean NOx trap (LNT) systems and methods of making and using same
US9950316B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2018-04-24 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Catalyst design for heavy-duty diesel combustion engines
US9687811B2 (en) 2014-03-21 2017-06-27 SDCmaterials, Inc. Compositions for passive NOx adsorption (PNA) systems and methods of making and using same
US10086356B2 (en) 2014-03-21 2018-10-02 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Compositions for passive NOx adsorption (PNA) systems and methods of making and using same
US10413880B2 (en) 2014-03-21 2019-09-17 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Compositions for passive NOx adsorption (PNA) systems and methods of making and using same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1261789B (en) 1968-02-22
BE634714A (en) 1900-01-01
LU44018A1 (en) 1963-09-06
NL295849A (en) 1900-01-01
GB969746A (en) 1964-09-16
ES289618A1 (en) 1963-11-01
FR1336870A (en) 1963-09-06

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