US3271145A - Process for producing an electrostatic charge image - Google Patents

Process for producing an electrostatic charge image Download PDF

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Publication number
US3271145A
US3271145A US332695A US33269563A US3271145A US 3271145 A US3271145 A US 3271145A US 332695 A US332695 A US 332695A US 33269563 A US33269563 A US 33269563A US 3271145 A US3271145 A US 3271145A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
plate
xerographic
document
charging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US332695A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gene H Robinson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US332695A priority Critical patent/US3271145A/en
Priority to BE657150D priority patent/BE657150A/xx
Priority to FR998611A priority patent/FR1417583A/fr
Priority to GB51377/64A priority patent/GB1092813A/en
Priority to DE19641472937 priority patent/DE1472937B2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3271145A publication Critical patent/US3271145A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/02—Sensitising, i.e. laying-down a uniform charge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/04—Exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/225—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 using contact-printing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to xerography and xeroprinting and more particularly to a process and apparatus for charging xerographic and Xeroprinting plates.
  • xero plates Various systems for electrostatically charging xerographic and xeroprinting plates, hereinafter referred to as xero plates, are known.
  • the most common systems employ fine wires held at corona-producing potentials.
  • Other systems employ materials of intermediate conductivity bridging the space between an electrode and surface of the plate to be charged. All such systems require means for moving the charger and the plate to be charged relative to each other to achieve uniformity of charging. Such relative movement is customarily achieved by sweeping the charging device over the surface to be charged.
  • the process of the invention comprises placing a sheet of paper, or material of similar conductivity, in contact with a xero plate, sandwiching the sheet and the plate between parallel, plate electrodes, and applying a potential difference of about 1500 volts between the electrodes for approximately one second.
  • the sheet is the document to be reproduced, and by having the appropriate electrode transparent, a reflextype of exposure is made without disassembling the sandwich.
  • prolonged charging itself effects simultaneous reflex exposure of the xerographic sheet.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through a xerographic plate and a document sandwiched between a pair of plate electrodes;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through a xerographic plate and a layer of cellophane sandwiched between a pair of plate electrodes;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus for electrically charging and reflex exposing successive portions of a xerographic sheet according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view through a xeroprinting plate and a sheet of paper sandwiched between a pair of plate electrodes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a xerographic plate 1 which may consist of a support 3 such as paper, coated with a zinc-oxide-inresin-binder photoconductive layer 5.
  • the plate 1 is 3,2713% Farmed Sept. 6, tees ICC placed in contact with a document 7, to be reproduced.
  • the xerographic plate 1 'and the document 7 are sandwiched between the plate electrodes 9 and 11.
  • a voltage source 13 and a switch 15 are connected between the electrodes 9 and 11.
  • the electrode 9 is connected to the negative terminal of the voltage source 13 and the posi tive terminal and the electrode 11 are connected to ground.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is also adapted to permit reflex exposure of the xerographic plate 1.
  • the xerographic plate 1 can be reflex exposed, for example by means of a light source 17, after or during and after charging, without having to disassemble the sandwich.
  • the sandwich can then be disassembled for xerographic development of the electrostatic image on the xerographic plate 1, by any of the known methods, such as cascade, magnetic brush, etc.
  • FIG. 2 shows a xerographic plate 2% consisting for example of a paper support 22 having a photoconductive layer 24, such as Zinc-oxide-in-resin binder, coated thereon.
  • the photoconductive side of the plate 20 is placed in contact with a transparent sheet 26 of material having the appropriate conductivity.
  • the plate 20 and the sheet 26 are sandwiched between an upper plate electrode 28 and a lower plate electrode 30.
  • a voltage source 32 and a switch 34 are connected across the plate electrodes 28 and 30.
  • the positive terminal of the voltage source 32 is connected to the upper electrode 28 and to ground and the negative terminal is connected to the lower electrode 30.
  • the photoconductive layer 24 can be projection exposed, after charging, without disassembling the sandwich, by means of a lamp 36, a transparency 38, and a lens 40.
  • the sandwich can then be disassembled and the electrostatic image xerographically developed.
  • the xerographic sheet 50 is advanced through the sandwhich to position a new area of the xerographic sheet 56 for charging and exposing. As the sheet 50 is advanced, the previ ously charged and exposed areas of the xerographic sheet 50 are fed through a station 66 for subsequent operations.
  • the electrostatic image is first developed and the toner particles either fixed to the sheet 50 or transferred to a permanent record medium and fixed thereto.
  • These subsequent operations are well known in the art, and since they form no part of the present invention they will not be described in detail.
  • the xerographic sheet 50 can be advanced through the sandwhich as many times as is necessary to produce the required number of copies of any given document 62, without requiring the sandwich to be disassembled.
  • the upper electrode 54 is made easily removable, for example, by hinging one side thereof, to
  • the auxiliary sheet such as the sheet 26 of FIG. 2, should have a resistance per unit area lying between that of metal on one hand, and a good insulator on the other hand.
  • the resistance between the upper and lower surfaces of an area of the auxiliary sheet of one square centimeter should preferably Too low resistance leads to non-uniform charging and provides the xero plate with no protection against localized or arc breakdown.
  • FIG. 4 shows a xeroprinting plate 70, which may consist, for example, of a metal plate 71 having a pattern 72 of insulating resin.
  • the plate 70 is placed in contact with a sheet 73 0f paper or other material of similar conductivity.
  • the plate 70 and the sheet 73 are sandwiched ,between plate electrodes 74 and 75.
  • a voltage source 76 and a switch 77 are connected between the electrodes 74 and 75.
  • a zinc-oxide-in-resin-binder xerographic layer with a pigment-to-binder ratio of 3:1 and an original document were placed between a pair of plate electrodes (one of trodes.
  • a zinc-oxide-in-resin-binder xerographic sheet with a pigment-to-binder ratio of 3:1 was placed between a pair of plate electrodes, one of which was transparent and had between itself and the xerographic layer a layer of cellophane, see FIG. 2.
  • Cellophane has a resistivity of the same order of magnitude as that of paper.
  • a potential difference of 2500 volts was applied to the elec- With the sandwich still assembled, the xerographic sheet was exposed by projection through the transparent electrode and the cellophane. The sandwich was then diassembled and the electrostatic image on the xerographic sheet was developed with an electroscopic powder which was then fused thereon to produce a permanent copy.
  • a zinc-oxide-in-resin-binder xerographic sheet was placed between a pair of plate electrodes as in Example No. 1, with a piece of paper used in place of the document. A potential difference of 1500 volts was applied across the electrodes as in Example No. 1 and the sandwich was then disassembled for contact exposure. The electrostatic image on the xerographic sheet was then developed with an electrostatic powder and the powder was then fused thereon to produce a permanent copy.
  • Kodak Photo Resist was used to produce a pattern of insulating resin on a metal plate.
  • the metal plate was then place-d between a pair of electrodes as shown in FIG. 4 with a sheet of paper. A potential difference of 1500 volts was applied across the electrodes.
  • the sandwich was disassembled and the charged resist pattern was developed with an electroscopic powder. The powder was then electrostatically transferred to bond paper and fused thereto to produce a permanent copy.
  • a dispersion of photoconductive zinc cadmium sulfide (No. 2225, The New Jersey Zinc Company) in a binder (Plaskon ST-856, a silicone-alkyd resin, Barrett Division, Allied Chemical Corporation) was coated on Nesa glass and placed between a pair of electrodes as in Example No. 1 with a piece of paper used in place of the document.
  • a potential difference of 1500 volts was applied across the electrodes and the coated Nesa glass was subsequently processed as in Example No. 3 to produce a permanent print.
  • a process for producing an electrostatic charge image, corresponding to an image on a document to be recorded, on a xerographic sheet comprising a photoconductive insulating layer on a conductive backing comprising the steps of:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Combination Of More Than One Step In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
US332695A 1963-12-23 1963-12-23 Process for producing an electrostatic charge image Expired - Lifetime US3271145A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US332695A US3271145A (en) 1963-12-23 1963-12-23 Process for producing an electrostatic charge image
BE657150D BE657150A (de) 1963-12-23 1964-12-15
FR998611A FR1417583A (fr) 1963-12-23 1964-12-15 Procédé et appareil pour déposer des charges électrostatiques sur un diélectrique
GB51377/64A GB1092813A (en) 1963-12-23 1964-12-17 Electrostatic charging
DE19641472937 DE1472937B2 (de) 1963-12-23 1964-12-22 Elektrophotographisches Reflexikopierverfahren

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US332695A US3271145A (en) 1963-12-23 1963-12-23 Process for producing an electrostatic charge image

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3271145A true US3271145A (en) 1966-09-06

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US332695A Expired - Lifetime US3271145A (en) 1963-12-23 1963-12-23 Process for producing an electrostatic charge image

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3271145A (de)
BE (1) BE657150A (de)
DE (1) DE1472937B2 (de)
GB (1) GB1092813A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3448025A (en) * 1965-03-19 1969-06-03 Xerox Corp Photoelectrophoretic imaging system utilizing a programmed potential application
US3666648A (en) * 1969-11-05 1972-05-30 Ibm In-situ reclamation of master patterns for printing microcircuit images on reversely sensitized material
US3668106A (en) * 1970-04-09 1972-06-06 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electrophoretic display device
US3753706A (en) * 1969-10-29 1973-08-21 Xerox Corp A photoelectrosolographic imaging method wherein an absorbent material is used
US3891990A (en) * 1973-06-27 1975-06-24 Xerox Corp Imaging process using donor material
US3918967A (en) * 1970-01-02 1975-11-11 Xerox Corp Contact reflex manifold imaging process

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4155640A (en) * 1977-05-12 1979-05-22 Coulter Systems Corporation High speed electrophotographic imaging system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2357809A (en) * 1940-11-16 1944-09-12 Chester F Carlson Electrophotographic apparatus
US2798960A (en) * 1953-10-01 1957-07-09 Rca Corp Photoconductive thermography
US2825814A (en) * 1953-07-16 1958-03-04 Haloid Co Xerographic image formation
US2878120A (en) * 1956-07-03 1959-03-17 Horizons Inc Intermittent electrophotographic recorder
US2892973A (en) * 1955-01-26 1959-06-30 Gen Dynamics Corp Apparatus for imparting electrostatic charges in electrophotography
US2904431A (en) * 1954-08-26 1959-09-15 Rca Corp Electrographotographic charging means
US3102026A (en) * 1957-12-24 1963-08-27 Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald Electrophotographic reflex and contact printing
US3147679A (en) * 1961-12-18 1964-09-08 Ibm Electrostatic image transfer processes and apparatus therefor

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2357809A (en) * 1940-11-16 1944-09-12 Chester F Carlson Electrophotographic apparatus
US2825814A (en) * 1953-07-16 1958-03-04 Haloid Co Xerographic image formation
US2798960A (en) * 1953-10-01 1957-07-09 Rca Corp Photoconductive thermography
US2904431A (en) * 1954-08-26 1959-09-15 Rca Corp Electrographotographic charging means
US2892973A (en) * 1955-01-26 1959-06-30 Gen Dynamics Corp Apparatus for imparting electrostatic charges in electrophotography
US2878120A (en) * 1956-07-03 1959-03-17 Horizons Inc Intermittent electrophotographic recorder
US3102026A (en) * 1957-12-24 1963-08-27 Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald Electrophotographic reflex and contact printing
US3147679A (en) * 1961-12-18 1964-09-08 Ibm Electrostatic image transfer processes and apparatus therefor

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3448025A (en) * 1965-03-19 1969-06-03 Xerox Corp Photoelectrophoretic imaging system utilizing a programmed potential application
US3753706A (en) * 1969-10-29 1973-08-21 Xerox Corp A photoelectrosolographic imaging method wherein an absorbent material is used
US3666648A (en) * 1969-11-05 1972-05-30 Ibm In-situ reclamation of master patterns for printing microcircuit images on reversely sensitized material
US3918967A (en) * 1970-01-02 1975-11-11 Xerox Corp Contact reflex manifold imaging process
US3668106A (en) * 1970-04-09 1972-06-06 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electrophoretic display device
US3891990A (en) * 1973-06-27 1975-06-24 Xerox Corp Imaging process using donor material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1092813A (en) 1967-11-29
BE657150A (de) 1965-04-01
DE1472937A1 (de) 1969-03-27
DE1472937B2 (de) 1970-04-02

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