US3259681A - Polyester filaments - Google Patents

Polyester filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3259681A
US3259681A US276477A US27647763A US3259681A US 3259681 A US3259681 A US 3259681A US 276477 A US276477 A US 276477A US 27647763 A US27647763 A US 27647763A US 3259681 A US3259681 A US 3259681A
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Prior art keywords
tow
bath
filaments
drawframe
draw
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Expired - Lifetime
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US276477A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bull Thomas Henry
Kinnear Arthur Murray Gardiner
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/228—Stretching in two or more steps, with or without intermediate steps
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/223—Stretching in a liquid bath

Definitions

  • Melt spun polyester filaments having a low birefringence after melt spinning are subjected to a drawing operation in which molecular orientation is brought about when the filaments are elongated 2-5 times their length with a desirable increase in birefringence and an improvement in textile properties.
  • polyester filaments which can be meltspun and drawn according to our invention are made from polymers based on terephthalic' acid, the best known representative being polyethylene terephthalate, although we believe that the process is also applicable to other fibre forming polyesters and copolyesters based on terephthalic acid. Our process is particularly suitable for the drawing of polyester filaments having an intrinsic viscosity below 0.49.
  • a process for melt-spinning and orienting polyester filaments by drawing up to 5 times their spun length in the form of a tow comprising submitting filaments issuing from a spinneret to a quenching gas stream at a distance 0 to cm. from the spinneret, followed by wetting the tow of a linear density of at least 100,000 denier per inch at draw speeds from 100600 feet per minute in a pre-drawframe bath substantially at room temperature, and straightening any loops in the tow and lubricating the tow, followed by tensioning the tow, e.g.
  • the filaments in the tow after melt spinning and quenching but before drawing should have a low birefringence of 0 to 10 X 10 Y i
  • the established techniques for the'melt spinning and drawing of fibres of high intrinsic viscosity require modification when applied to polymer or tow of reduced intrinsic viscosity, particularly in respect of the maintenance of a stable threadline during melt spinning, and the achievement of successful drawing of the filaments particularly in the form of heavy tows, prior to crimping and cutting into staple fibres.
  • We therefore also provide a process for making staple fibres which in fabric form have a reduced tendency to pilling comprising melt spinning polyethylene terephthalate of an intrinsic viscosity between 0.38 and 0.49, particularly between 0.45 and 0.48, submitting the filaments issuing from the spinneret to quenching by a fluid at a distance 0 to 10 cm. from the spinneret followed by drawing the filaments in a liquid medium preferably Water or a dilute aqueous solution or suspension as described. Air at 15 C. to 40 C. is suitable for quenching. Drawing of 2 to 5 times, preferably 3.5 to 4.5 times, the undrawn length of the as spun filaments, is suitable. A-temperature of 50 C. to 90 C. preferably to C. is suitable for a liquid medium in which the filaments are drawn.
  • the fibre intrinsic viscosity necessary to avoid unsightly pills is dependent, amongst other things, on fabric structure. In open structures, such as those found in knitted garments, an intrinsic viscosity as low as 0.38 may be necessary.
  • the filaments may be crimped and the crimp heat set so that the residual shrinkage in boiling water for one minute is less than 1%. Because of the conditions of spinning and drawing there are no coalesced or partly drawn length of filaments or fibres.
  • the intrinsic viscosity of our staple fibres is preferably between 0.44 to 0.46 because in this narrow range fibres having the required high tenacity and low extensibility can be obtained by drawing under our preferred conditions.
  • the second order transition temperature of C. C. of the polyester fibres when wet can be related to the pleatretention and wrinkle resistance performance during washing of fabrics made from such low intrinsic viscosity fibres, which are very desirable for apparel uses and polyesters having a second order transi tion temperature within this range are therefore preferred. It is preferred to use spinneret holes during melt spinning which are larger than usual for the required textile deniers, in the drawn condition of about 1 to 6 denier.
  • Circular orifices having a diameter greater than 4 up to 9 may be used. Instead of circular orifices, non-circular orifices may be used, which, however, have an orifice-area corresponding to the area of the preferred circular large orifices.
  • the drawing illustrates a melt spinning and drawing apparatus. which may be used in the process of our invention.
  • a spinneret is shown at 21.
  • Bel-ow the spinneret 21 is a gas-quenching device 22 which directs a gas stream radially outwardly from the axis of the cone formed by the issuing filaments 23.
  • a pre-drawfrarne bath 1 is filled with water or an aqueous solution containing processing aids.
  • Guide rolls 2, 3 and 4 are used to guide a heavy tow into the bath from the spinning apparatus.
  • Feed roll 12 is partly immersed in a drawframe bath 13 and is provided with heating means and thermal regulating means (not shown) at the other end of the drawframe bath 13, also partly immersed is a draw roll 14 and additional draw rolls 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20, outside the drawframe bath and roll 15 is provided with a resilient nip roll which is driven by surface contact from the tow by roll 15.
  • the draw rolls are driven at pre-detennining faster uniform speeds than the feed rolls.
  • Example I Polyethylene terephathalate of intrinsic viscosity 0.67 was melt spun into multi'filament yarns of 10.6 denier per denier per filament, the birefringence of the undrawn yarn being 3.1x 10* Spinning was carried out from a spin neret consisting of 250 circular holes of 0.009" diameter.
  • the filaments coming from the spinneret were submitted to a quenching air stream directed radially outwards from the axis of the cone formed by the issuing filaments, at a distance 3 from the spinneret face and extending downwards for 10".
  • the temperature of the air entering the air duct was 20 C.
  • the spun yarns were plied to give up a 260,000 denier tow consisting of 25,000 filaments which was spread over 2" and drawn, by passage through a predrawframe bath 1, by passage over guide rolls 2, 3 and 4 so that the tow became completely immersed in the predrawframe bath containing water at 20 C.
  • the tow is tensioued by passage over and under tensioning bars 5 and then to feed rolls 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 rotating at a uniform linear speed of 66 feet per minute, the last feed roll 12 is partly immersed in a drawframe bath 13, filled with Water maintained at 80 C. Also partly immersed in the drawframe bath is the first of a set of draw rolls 14 rotating at a linear speed of 300 feet per minute under which the tow is passed and then over draw rolls 15-20 rotating with the same speed as partially immersed draw roll 14. Rolls 6, 7 and 15 are provided with nip rolls. The drawn tow may be cut into staple lengths or wound up.
  • the tows and filaments may be crimped and the crimp heat-set by treatment with steam at about 140 C. for half an hour or by setting using dry heat at about 135 C. for 15 minutes.
  • the drawn filaments or fibers are uniformly oriented and the defect level is commercially acceptable, there being less than 5 p.p. 100,000 of undrawn fibres as determined by dye-fleck test.
  • Example II Polyethylene terephthalate of I.V. 0.47 was melt spun into multi-filament yarns of 10.6 d.p.f., and of birefringence 236x 10- Spinning was carried out from a spinneret comprising 250 holes of cruciform section, the arms of the holes being .015" x .004".
  • the threadline was quenched by a flow of air directed radially outwards from the axis of the threadline cone, the quench being applied at a level of 2" below the spinneret face and extending downwards for 8".
  • the flow of air was 50 cu. ft. per minute.
  • the spun yarn was plied to give a 260,000 denier tow which was passed through a pre-drawframe bath containing a 3% aqueous solution of antistatic agent Zelec NE (registered trademark), believed to be a diethanolamine salt of an acid phosphate ester of long chain (c3-C1u) fatty alcohols, at room temperature, and thereafter through the apparatus as in Example I and delineated in FIGURE 1.
  • the drawframe bath contained the same solution maintained at 78 C.
  • the feed rolls rotated at a linear speed of 55 f.p.m. and the draw rollers at 250 f.p.m.
  • the drawn tow contained less than 5 p.p. 10 of undrawn fibres, as determined by the dye fleck test.
  • Example III A copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate containing 6 moles percent sebacic acid residues and of I.V. 0.47 was melt spun into multi-filament yarn of 10.6 d.p.f., and birefringence 1.98 x 10' using the spinneret and quench arrangements described in Example II. The spun yarn was plied to give a 260,000 denier tow which was drawn on the apparatus described in Example I of the pre-drawframe bath containing a 3% aqueous solution of Zelec NE at room temperature and the drawbath containing the same solution at 70 C. The feed rolls rotated at a linear speed of 55 f.p.m. and the draw rolls at 250 f.p.m. The drawn tow contained less than 5 p.p. 10 of undrawn fibres as determined by the dyefieck test.
  • Example IV Polyethylene terephthalate of I.V. 0.67 was melt spun into multi-filament yarns of 4.8 d.p.f. and of birefringence 5.17 x 10
  • the spinneret used comprised 508 circular holes of 0.00 "diameter.
  • a radial air flow quench was applied as in Example 2 but in this case at a level of below the spinneret face, and at a flow rate of 40 cu. ft./min.
  • the yarn was plied to 250,000 denier tow which was drawn on the apparatus described, both baths containing water, the pre-drawframe bath being at room temperature and the drawframe bath at 78 C.
  • the feed rolls rotated at a linear speed of 122 f.p.m. and the draw rolls at 500 f.p.m.
  • the drawn tow contained less than 5 p.p. 10 of undrawn fibres as determined by the dyefieck test.
  • the Width of the tow was adjusted to spread to 2" between spacing rollers so that the linear density of the tow was 130,000 denier per inch in Examples I1II and 125,000 denier per inch in Example IV.
  • Fabrics of a 2 x 2 twill construction made from 3 denier per filament 4" length fibers when melt spun and drawn and having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.45-0.48 and when spun on the worsted system into 2/ 28s count yarns, show no pills after brushing and sponging for 200 minutes as described in A.S.T.M. 1958 D1375-55T, page 515.
  • the aqueous liquid in the drawframe baths may contain a solution or suspension of a surface active agent as well as other agents for imparting antistatic or other properties and lubrication to the polyester filaments, if desired.
  • polyester filaments have an intrinsic viscosity below 0.49.
  • polyester filaments are made from polyethylene terephthalate and have an intrinsic viscosity of 0.38-0.47.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US276477A 1962-04-27 1963-04-29 Polyester filaments Expired - Lifetime US3259681A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB16153/62A GB992670A (en) 1962-04-27 1962-04-27 Production of oriented polyester filaments and of staple fibres therefrom

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3259681A true US3259681A (en) 1966-07-05

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US276477A Expired - Lifetime US3259681A (en) 1962-04-27 1963-04-29 Polyester filaments

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3259681A (fr)
BE (1) BE631629A (fr)
DE (1) DE1435495A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB992670A (fr)
NL (2) NL142735B (fr)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3423501A (en) * 1964-12-23 1969-01-21 Du Pont Process for removing crimp from polyester filamentary tow
US3457340A (en) * 1966-03-25 1969-07-22 Du Pont Process for uniform application of finish to polyester yarns
US3511677A (en) * 1963-02-28 1970-05-12 Du Pont Process for preparation of a sized zero-twist synthetic fiber yarn and product thereof
US3511397A (en) * 1967-11-16 1970-05-12 Ethicon Inc Method for the manufacture of collagen tape
US3511904A (en) * 1967-11-16 1970-05-12 Ethicon Inc Method for the manufacture of collagen tape
US3752457A (en) * 1969-12-04 1973-08-14 Snia Viscosa Method and equipment for continuously spinning and stretching synthetic filaments
US3894135A (en) * 1971-10-06 1975-07-08 Zimmer Ag Process for stretching a cable of polyester threads
US3943138A (en) * 1971-09-22 1976-03-09 Imperial Chemicl Industries, Ltd. Process for uniformly drawing polyethylene terephthalate filaments to form high shrinkage fibers
US3947538A (en) * 1970-10-22 1976-03-30 Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd. Process for uniformily drawing a tow of filaments
US4001367A (en) * 1974-03-29 1977-01-04 M & T Chemicals Inc. Method for permanently and uniformly incorporating an additive into an undrawn fiber
US4014973A (en) * 1973-07-31 1977-03-29 Ethicon, Inc. Method of compacting silk sutures by stretching
US4285646A (en) * 1980-05-13 1981-08-25 Fiber Industries, Inc. Apparatus for quenching melt-spun filaments
EP0040482A1 (fr) * 1980-05-13 1981-11-25 Celanese Corporation Procédé et dispositif pour le filage au fondu de filaments dans lequel le gaz de refroidissement et une avvivage sont amenés vers les filaments à travers la masse des fibres et la filière
US4332764A (en) * 1980-10-21 1982-06-01 Fiber Industries, Inc. Methods for producing melt-spun filaments
US4414169A (en) * 1979-02-26 1983-11-08 Fiber Industries, Inc. Production of polyester filaments of high strength possessing an unusually stable internal structure employing improved processing conditions
DE3822571A1 (de) * 1988-07-04 1990-02-01 Hoechst Ag Spinnverfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung desselben
US5076773A (en) * 1987-04-06 1991-12-31 Filteco S.P.A. Apparatus for producing thermoplastic yarns
US5310515A (en) * 1991-10-08 1994-05-10 Reiter Automatik Apparate-Maschinebau Gmbh Process to cool and pelletize molten strands issuing from nozzles
US5328493A (en) * 1991-03-19 1994-07-12 Vetrotex France Apparatus for manufacturing a glass and organic composite strand, including a blowing device
EP0691424A3 (fr) * 1994-06-08 1996-04-17 Filteco Spa Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de fils etirés
US5785997A (en) * 1993-10-22 1998-07-28 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Continuous process for melt-spinning monofilaments
US6210622B1 (en) 1999-07-19 2001-04-03 Arteva North America S.A.R.L. Process of making polymeric fibers
EP1491663A1 (fr) * 2003-06-23 2004-12-29 Nan Ya Plastics Corporation Procédé pour la production de multifilaments en polyester ayant un faible denier et fils multifilaments en polyester ayant un faible denier
CN1323198C (zh) * 2002-07-10 2007-06-27 苏拉有限及两合公司 用于丝束熔融纺造和切断的方法及装置
CN100344803C (zh) * 2003-12-23 2007-10-24 上海联吉合纤有限公司 一种制备化学短纤维的方法及装置
US20170204536A1 (en) * 2014-07-01 2017-07-20 Omya International Ag Multifilament polyester fibres
US11242621B2 (en) * 2018-11-30 2022-02-08 Winn Applied Material Inc. Adhesive thread drawing processes
US11292171B2 (en) * 2019-09-04 2022-04-05 Winn Applied Material Inc. Thread drawing processes
US11311922B2 (en) * 2020-02-18 2022-04-26 Winn Applied Material Inc. Wire drawing process of light storage wire

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4112668A (en) * 1976-10-04 1978-09-12 Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri Method for treating polyester filaments
US7578957B2 (en) * 2002-12-30 2009-08-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process of making staple fibers
CN106367824B (zh) * 2016-10-31 2018-09-21 哈尔滨天顺化工科技开发有限公司 一种用于纺丝的大包角握持牵伸辊组
CN116334777B (zh) * 2023-05-26 2023-07-21 吉林富博纤维研究院有限公司 一种水浴牵伸装置及pan基碳纤维原丝的生产系统

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734794A (en) * 1951-07-12 1956-02-14 G cm-ton
US2918346A (en) * 1956-08-07 1959-12-22 Du Pont Process of orienting a dense tow of polymeric ester filaments by two step hot aqueous bath treatments
US2934400A (en) * 1955-03-19 1960-04-26 Glanzstoff Ag Process of manufacturing fibers of polyethylene terephthalate
US3077004A (en) * 1956-03-23 1963-02-12 Du Pont Filament drawing

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734794A (en) * 1951-07-12 1956-02-14 G cm-ton
US2934400A (en) * 1955-03-19 1960-04-26 Glanzstoff Ag Process of manufacturing fibers of polyethylene terephthalate
US3077004A (en) * 1956-03-23 1963-02-12 Du Pont Filament drawing
US2918346A (en) * 1956-08-07 1959-12-22 Du Pont Process of orienting a dense tow of polymeric ester filaments by two step hot aqueous bath treatments

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3511677A (en) * 1963-02-28 1970-05-12 Du Pont Process for preparation of a sized zero-twist synthetic fiber yarn and product thereof
US3423501A (en) * 1964-12-23 1969-01-21 Du Pont Process for removing crimp from polyester filamentary tow
US3457340A (en) * 1966-03-25 1969-07-22 Du Pont Process for uniform application of finish to polyester yarns
US3511397A (en) * 1967-11-16 1970-05-12 Ethicon Inc Method for the manufacture of collagen tape
US3511904A (en) * 1967-11-16 1970-05-12 Ethicon Inc Method for the manufacture of collagen tape
US3752457A (en) * 1969-12-04 1973-08-14 Snia Viscosa Method and equipment for continuously spinning and stretching synthetic filaments
US3947538A (en) * 1970-10-22 1976-03-30 Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd. Process for uniformily drawing a tow of filaments
US3943138A (en) * 1971-09-22 1976-03-09 Imperial Chemicl Industries, Ltd. Process for uniformly drawing polyethylene terephthalate filaments to form high shrinkage fibers
US3894135A (en) * 1971-10-06 1975-07-08 Zimmer Ag Process for stretching a cable of polyester threads
US4014973A (en) * 1973-07-31 1977-03-29 Ethicon, Inc. Method of compacting silk sutures by stretching
US4001367A (en) * 1974-03-29 1977-01-04 M & T Chemicals Inc. Method for permanently and uniformly incorporating an additive into an undrawn fiber
US4414169A (en) * 1979-02-26 1983-11-08 Fiber Industries, Inc. Production of polyester filaments of high strength possessing an unusually stable internal structure employing improved processing conditions
EP0040482A1 (fr) * 1980-05-13 1981-11-25 Celanese Corporation Procédé et dispositif pour le filage au fondu de filaments dans lequel le gaz de refroidissement et une avvivage sont amenés vers les filaments à travers la masse des fibres et la filière
US4285646A (en) * 1980-05-13 1981-08-25 Fiber Industries, Inc. Apparatus for quenching melt-spun filaments
US4332764A (en) * 1980-10-21 1982-06-01 Fiber Industries, Inc. Methods for producing melt-spun filaments
US5076773A (en) * 1987-04-06 1991-12-31 Filteco S.P.A. Apparatus for producing thermoplastic yarns
DE3822571A1 (de) * 1988-07-04 1990-02-01 Hoechst Ag Spinnverfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung desselben
US5328493A (en) * 1991-03-19 1994-07-12 Vetrotex France Apparatus for manufacturing a glass and organic composite strand, including a blowing device
US5310515A (en) * 1991-10-08 1994-05-10 Reiter Automatik Apparate-Maschinebau Gmbh Process to cool and pelletize molten strands issuing from nozzles
US5785997A (en) * 1993-10-22 1998-07-28 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Continuous process for melt-spinning monofilaments
EP0691424A3 (fr) * 1994-06-08 1996-04-17 Filteco Spa Procédé et dispositif pour la fabrication de fils etirés
US6210622B1 (en) 1999-07-19 2001-04-03 Arteva North America S.A.R.L. Process of making polymeric fibers
CN1323198C (zh) * 2002-07-10 2007-06-27 苏拉有限及两合公司 用于丝束熔融纺造和切断的方法及装置
EP1491663A1 (fr) * 2003-06-23 2004-12-29 Nan Ya Plastics Corporation Procédé pour la production de multifilaments en polyester ayant un faible denier et fils multifilaments en polyester ayant un faible denier
CN100344803C (zh) * 2003-12-23 2007-10-24 上海联吉合纤有限公司 一种制备化学短纤维的方法及装置
US20170204536A1 (en) * 2014-07-01 2017-07-20 Omya International Ag Multifilament polyester fibres
US11208738B2 (en) * 2014-07-01 2021-12-28 Omya International Ag Multifilament polyester fibres
US20220074076A1 (en) * 2014-07-01 2022-03-10 Omya International Ag Multifilament polyester fibres
US11242621B2 (en) * 2018-11-30 2022-02-08 Winn Applied Material Inc. Adhesive thread drawing processes
US11292171B2 (en) * 2019-09-04 2022-04-05 Winn Applied Material Inc. Thread drawing processes
US11311922B2 (en) * 2020-02-18 2022-04-26 Winn Applied Material Inc. Wire drawing process of light storage wire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1435495A1 (de) 1969-01-09
NL292014A (fr)
BE631629A (fr)
NL142735B (nl) 1974-07-15
GB992670A (en) 1965-05-19

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