US3253944A - Particle coating process - Google Patents

Particle coating process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3253944A
US3253944A US337481A US33748164A US3253944A US 3253944 A US3253944 A US 3253944A US 337481 A US337481 A US 337481A US 33748164 A US33748164 A US 33748164A US 3253944 A US3253944 A US 3253944A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coating
tower
particles
bed
air stream
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Expired - Lifetime
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US337481A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dale E Wurster
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Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
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Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
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Publication of US3253944B1 publication Critical patent/US3253944B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/245—Spouted-bed technique
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/006—Coating of the granules without description of the process or the device by which the granules are obtained
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/16—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by suspending the powder material in a gas, e.g. in fluidised beds or as a falling curtain

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the coating art and more specifically to improvements in the air suspension coating process.
  • This process and illustrative apparatus for carrying out the process are described in my prior Patents No. 2,648,609 and No. 3,089,824.
  • the particles to be coated e.g., tablets and the like
  • a moving gas stream e.g., an air stream
  • the coating composition in atomized or like form is introduced into the gas stream prior to its contact with the suspended particles to be coated.
  • the particles then pass to the top portion of the other part or side of the tower where the velocity of the gas is maintained insufficient to keep the particles from moving downwardly but adequate to maintain them in substantially weightless contact with each other as they move in a streamline fashion downwardly and return to the high velocity part of the tower.
  • This type of operation allows a large area of the particles to be coated in each pass through the coating section of the tower with a liquid coating of suflicient thickness to give a smooth surface. Agglomeration is also prevented by maintaining the particles out of contact with each other until the coating is dry. In addition, possible smearing or attrition of the coating is prevented by maintaining the particles in substantially weightless contact with each other during the return cycle.
  • the coating is applied to only a small part of the tablet or like particle, e.g., a few droplets at one time, the tablets tend to develop rough surfaces and may even develop what is known in the art as ears. I have discovered that this can be avoided if the coating is applied during each pass or cycle to a large or substantial part of the tablet, e.g., one side of the tablet, at one time.
  • Fluidized beds in general are characterized by randomness of particle motion. It has been found that such random motion is undesirable particularly when coating tablets or larger particles. Therefore velocity differences which set cyclic flow patterns as herein described are fundamental to the rapid application and development of smooth elegant surfaces. If particles are caused to move in and out of the coating zone randomly, the coating can be applied only at a slow rate. Particle contact must be delayed until suflicient drying has occurred to' prevent sticking. With random action the drying time is indeterminate. Conversely when a cyclic flow pattern is established by controlled velocity differences as described below, without randomness of particle motion characteristic of fluidized beds, relatively long periods of time can exist between collisions or contacts between particles, and more drying can be accomplished.
  • the particles are given upward velocity just as they are returned to the coating zone. This velocity is sufficient to transport the particles to the top of the bed by which time the gas velocity has decreased and become uniform by diffusion, and the particles drop to the surface of the remaining portion of the bed.
  • the tablets are also supported by air to an extent that they are practically weightless during that portion of the cycle by which they are returned to the coating zone.
  • FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary vertical cross-section of the lower portion of the apparatus
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 22 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is an alternative arrangement of the grid shown in FIGURE 2.
  • the apparatus basically includes a vertically disposed tower 10, an air supply system and a coating material feed system.
  • Tower 10 is a vertically elongated hollow shell, con structed or rigid, hard material such as steel or aluminum, or a transparent synthetic resin (e.g., Lucite), or similar material or combinations of these.
  • At its lower end tower 10 includes a frustoconical lower end or throat section 12, reducing somewhat the diameter of the opening into tower 10 at its lower end.
  • tower 10 is provided with an elongated nozzle section 14 which com municates at its upper end with the opening into section 12.
  • the lower end of nozzle section 14 terminates in a generally curved cylindrical conduit section 16 into which the air supply system is connected.
  • a grid 18 in the form of a pair of screens 20 and 22 is mounted in the upper end of nozzle section 14 extending completely across the interior of such section.
  • the screens may be mounted on a frame portion 24 which is connected across the lower end of section 12.
  • the air stream entering the bottom of tower 10 is substantially coextensive with the cross-sectional area of the suspended bed of particles in the tower.
  • the grid 18 may be fabricated without the diametric support 24 by allowing the coarse mesh screen 20 to cover the entire opening from section 14 to the frustoconical section 12, and fastening fine mesh screen'22 to the coarse mesh screen Fine mesh screen 22' does not cover the entire opening but is partly cut away.
  • Screen 22' may be a semicircle covering one side of screen 20' to give the same effect as the embodiment of FIGURE 2, or a smaller or different shape segment may be cut out.
  • the upper portion of tower may be further provided with a disengaging means of known design to facilitate disengagement of entrained fines, and also with an exhaust connection and a stack or fine or solvent recovery'system. See Patent No. 3,089,824, supra.
  • the air supply system is conventional in nature and includes suitable provision for controlling humidity of and for heating air which is blown into the lower end .of section 16 through an air conduit 26 which is connected directly to section 16.
  • the coating feed material system which is more completely described in Patent No. 3,089,824, basically is arranged to introduce the coating materials, which are dissolved or dispersed or dissolved and dispersed in a volatile fluid, under suitable pressure through an inlet connection 28 of an atomizer 30 extending into the lower end of nozzle section 14.
  • the material feed system further includes a second air inlet connection 32 leading into atomizer 30 for admitting compressed air to assist in atomizing the coating materials. It will be noted that compressed air inlet 32 and coating material inlet 28 enter section 14 to one side of that section (left side in the drawings) and the fluids are directed at an angle toward each other at the outlet end to form atomizer 30.
  • the grid 18 which is located at the lower end of throat section 12 consists as described of two preferably semicircular screens and 22 which are adjacent on a com- 'mon support 24.
  • Screen 20 has a relatively coarse mesh, e.g., 10 mesh, and is positioned directly above nozzle on the left in the drawings.
  • Screen 22 has a relatively fine mesh, preferably consisting of several layered sections of fine mesh, e.g., 200 mesh, screen material and is positioned to the right in the drawings.
  • Fine mesh screen 22 offers considerably more resistance to air flow, so that the greater part of the air introduced into supply conduit 26 will be diverted to the coarse mesh side (left in the drawings) and pass into the tower 10 with a greater velocity on the left or coating side of the tower than on the right side of the tower.
  • a charge of particles to be coated such as tablets is admitted to tower 10.
  • This charge is retained on porous grid 18 having areas of differing porosity.
  • Gas e.g., warm air
  • the velocity of air entering tower 10 through inlet connection 26 is adjusted such that the charge of tablets to be coated is suspended in throat section 12. It has been noted that by reason of the employment of a coarse screen 20 on one side of the inlet to section 12 and a fine screen 22 on the other side a greater quantity of air is permitted to enter section 12 on one side (left as illustrated) than on the other. As a consequence the bed is unequally supported by the air stream passing upwardly through nozzle section 14.
  • Tablets T then spill over into the still lower velocity air stream on the right side of bed B, where they are permitted to fall gently and in substantially weightless contact, supported by the upwardly flowing air stream issuing through fine mesh screen 22, until they reach a point in section 12 (or above grid 18) where the air stream has velocity sufficient to support them. At this point the particles move to the left from directly over screen 22 to directly over screen 20 by the continuing flow of tablets descending from above. Thus tablets are introduced again into the higher velocity air stream issuing through screen 20 and are again carried up to repeat the cycle.
  • Atomizer 30 is positioned to introduce all of the coating material into the air stream which has the relatively higher velocity so as to provide for the coating of only the tablets moving upwardly and after they have achieved substantially their maximum upward velocity in the high velocity air stream.
  • the coating materials are introduced through inlet connection 28 and atomized in nozzle 30 by compressed air introduced through inlet connection 32 which impinges against the coating materials.
  • the atomized coating materials as noted above are carried by the relatively higher velocity air stream passing through screen 20 directly into contact with the well separated tablets T in the upwardly rising portion of the bed.
  • the coating materials By reason of the spacing of tablets T in this portion of the bed as they rise upwardly in the higher velocity air stream, the coating materials generally tend to coat at least a half of each tablet T contacted by the coating materials thereby avoiding the possibility of the growth of rough surfaces on the tablets.
  • the coating material on them As the tablets T which have been partially coated by the coating materials rise upwardly in the bed, the coating material on them is dried by the warm gas or air stream supporting them such that by the time'the partially coated tablets T reach the upper part of tower 10 and spill over into the downwardly flowing portion of the bed B supported by the lower velocity air stream issuing through screen 22, the coating materials on such tablets have substantially dried, and the contact between tablets.which occurs in the downwardly flowing, more dense portion of bed B does not. cause the tablets to agglomerate.
  • the process of coating particles with coating material in a vertically disposed coating tower whichcomprises forming an air suspended bed of particles in which all particles are suspended in an upwardly flowing air stream entering the bottom of said tower, said air stream entering the bottom of said tower being substantially coextensive with the cross-sectional area of said suspended bed in said tower, imparting controlled cyclic movement to 'the particles with a portion of the suspended bed flowing upwardly and the other portion of the suspended bed flowing downwardly without randomness of particle motion characteristic of fluidized beds, by directing the upwardly flowing air stream into the bottom of said tower in a high velocity upwardly flowing air stream in one part of said tower in which the particles are suspended and move upwardly concurrent to the upwardly flowing high velocity air stream substantially out of contact with each other in the portion of the suspended bed subjected to said high velocity air stream and pass to the top of the downwardly flowing portion of said bed, and a low velocity upwardly flowing air stream in the other portion of said tower in which the particles move downwardly and settle through the upwardly flowing low velocity air stream in substantially weightless

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
US337481A 1964-01-13 1964-01-13 Particle coating process Expired - Lifetime US3253944A (en)

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US3253944A true US3253944A (en) 1966-05-31
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Cited By (81)

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US3354863A (en) * 1963-10-28 1967-11-28 Dow Chemical Co Apparatus for coating particulate materials
US3379554A (en) * 1964-04-21 1968-04-23 Merck & Co Inc Spray coating of pharmaceutical cores with a carboxylvinyl polymer and polyethylene glycol
US3386182A (en) * 1965-09-18 1968-06-04 Bayer Ag Method of and apparatus for the mixing, drying or moistening by pneumatic means of material in powder form
US3394468A (en) * 1965-06-14 1968-07-30 Glatt Werner Container for the reception of a pulverulent or granular feed for treatment in a hot air dryer
US3431138A (en) * 1967-07-14 1969-03-04 American Cyanamid Co Method for coating pharmaceutical forms with methyl cellulose
US3486240A (en) * 1965-10-22 1969-12-30 Blaw Knox Co Roasting method and apparatus
US3880116A (en) * 1974-02-14 1975-04-29 Arnar Stone Lab Particle coating apparatus
US3972220A (en) * 1975-05-07 1976-08-03 The Dow Chemical Company Method for testing the resilience of solid particles
US3992558A (en) * 1974-05-10 1976-11-16 Raychem Corporation Process of coating particles of less than 20 microns with a polymer coating
US4217127A (en) * 1978-03-03 1980-08-12 Ube Industries, Ltd. Process for producing urea granules
US4445919A (en) * 1983-03-14 1984-05-01 Thermo Electron Corporation In situ rapid wash apparatus and method
US4503030A (en) * 1983-06-06 1985-03-05 Alza Corporation Device for delivering drug to certain pH environments
US4576108A (en) * 1984-10-03 1986-03-18 Frito-Lay, Inc. Apparatus for applying viscous seasoning evenly to tumbling food articles
EP0206417A2 (fr) 1985-06-28 1986-12-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Composition sèche contenant une enzyme stable à l'égard d'agents de blanchiment
US4658754A (en) * 1983-10-07 1987-04-21 Maschinenfabrik Heid Aktiengesellschaft Equipment for the uniform dosage, dispersion and application of protective coatings with liquid formula, particularly seed-dressing means
US4759956A (en) * 1987-05-22 1988-07-26 Lever Brothers Company Process for encapsulating particles using polymer latex
US4960244A (en) * 1989-05-08 1990-10-02 Schering Corporation Atomizing nozzle assembly
US5115578A (en) * 1991-03-05 1992-05-26 Vector Corporation Discharge mechanism for a large fluid bed/dryer granulator
US5160742A (en) * 1991-12-31 1992-11-03 Abbott Laboratories System for delivering an active substance for sustained release
US5207933A (en) * 1991-08-28 1993-05-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid fabric softener with insoluble particles stably suspended by soil release polymer
US5211985A (en) * 1991-10-09 1993-05-18 Ici Canada, Inc. Multi-stage process for continuous coating of fertilizer particles
US5211896A (en) * 1991-06-07 1993-05-18 General Motors Corporation Composite iron material
US5232612A (en) * 1991-08-28 1993-08-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Solid, particulate fabric softener with protected, dryer-activated, cyclodextrin/perfume complex
US5232613A (en) * 1991-08-28 1993-08-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for preparing protected particles of water sensitive material
US5234611A (en) * 1991-08-28 1993-08-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Fabric softener, preferably liquid, with protected, dryer-activated, cyclodextrin/perfume complex
US5236615A (en) * 1991-08-28 1993-08-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Solid, particulate detergent composition with protected, dryer-activated, water sensitive material
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US6685775B1 (en) 2002-02-19 2004-02-03 Vector Corporation Wurster air diverter
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US6767553B2 (en) 2001-12-18 2004-07-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Natural fibers treated with acidic odor control/binder systems
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US2648609A (en) * 1949-01-21 1953-08-11 Wisconsin Alumni Res Found Method of applying coatings to edible tablets or the like
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US2799241A (en) * 1949-01-21 1957-07-16 Wisconsin Alumni Res Found Means for applying coatings to tablets or the like
US2865868A (en) * 1952-04-04 1958-12-23 Gulf Research Development Co Process for preparing impregnated composite catalysts
US2986475A (en) * 1958-11-05 1961-05-30 Smith Kline French Lab Apparatus and method for coating discrete solids
US3003752A (en) * 1958-05-20 1961-10-10 Fuller Co Method and apparatus for conditioning pulverulent or granular material
US3112220A (en) * 1960-02-26 1963-11-26 Abbott Lab Method and apparatus for coating particles

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2059983A (en) * 1932-06-27 1936-11-03 Gen Plastics Inc Method of coating abrasive particles
US2644769A (en) * 1948-12-31 1953-07-07 Phillips Petroleum Co Coating of ammonium nitrate fertilizer
US2648609A (en) * 1949-01-21 1953-08-11 Wisconsin Alumni Res Found Method of applying coatings to edible tablets or the like
US2799241A (en) * 1949-01-21 1957-07-16 Wisconsin Alumni Res Found Means for applying coatings to tablets or the like
US2865868A (en) * 1952-04-04 1958-12-23 Gulf Research Development Co Process for preparing impregnated composite catalysts
US2768095A (en) * 1952-05-30 1956-10-23 Shell Dev Process of coating finely divided solid material
US3003752A (en) * 1958-05-20 1961-10-10 Fuller Co Method and apparatus for conditioning pulverulent or granular material
US2986475A (en) * 1958-11-05 1961-05-30 Smith Kline French Lab Apparatus and method for coating discrete solids
US3112220A (en) * 1960-02-26 1963-11-26 Abbott Lab Method and apparatus for coating particles

Cited By (117)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3354863A (en) * 1963-10-28 1967-11-28 Dow Chemical Co Apparatus for coating particulate materials
US3379554A (en) * 1964-04-21 1968-04-23 Merck & Co Inc Spray coating of pharmaceutical cores with a carboxylvinyl polymer and polyethylene glycol
US3394468A (en) * 1965-06-14 1968-07-30 Glatt Werner Container for the reception of a pulverulent or granular feed for treatment in a hot air dryer
US3386182A (en) * 1965-09-18 1968-06-04 Bayer Ag Method of and apparatus for the mixing, drying or moistening by pneumatic means of material in powder form
US3486240A (en) * 1965-10-22 1969-12-30 Blaw Knox Co Roasting method and apparatus
US3431138A (en) * 1967-07-14 1969-03-04 American Cyanamid Co Method for coating pharmaceutical forms with methyl cellulose
US3880116A (en) * 1974-02-14 1975-04-29 Arnar Stone Lab Particle coating apparatus
US3992558A (en) * 1974-05-10 1976-11-16 Raychem Corporation Process of coating particles of less than 20 microns with a polymer coating
US3972220A (en) * 1975-05-07 1976-08-03 The Dow Chemical Company Method for testing the resilience of solid particles
US4217127A (en) * 1978-03-03 1980-08-12 Ube Industries, Ltd. Process for producing urea granules
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