US3240636A - Method of treating sheet steel - Google Patents

Method of treating sheet steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3240636A
US3240636A US413842A US41384264A US3240636A US 3240636 A US3240636 A US 3240636A US 413842 A US413842 A US 413842A US 41384264 A US41384264 A US 41384264A US 3240636 A US3240636 A US 3240636A
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United States
Prior art keywords
carbon
sheet steel
sheet
atmosphere
steel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US413842A
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English (en)
Inventor
Daubersy Jean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
METALLURG D ESPERANCE LONGDOZ
S A Metallurgique D'esperance-Longdoz
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METALLURG D ESPERANCE LONGDOZ
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0025—Adding carbon material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]

Definitions

  • sheet steel treated in this manner has the disadvantage of being subject to brittleness after workhardening. Brittle fractures may appear along one or more of the surfaces of an article after after deep drawing if the article is subjected to a shock on leaving the press or even sometimes during the actual stamping operation.
  • carbon can be defused into the steel sheet, for instance, by treatment of the steel sheet in an atmosphere containing hydrogen, steam, and a carbon com- 3,240,636 Patented Mar. 15, 1966 pound such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide methane or other hydrocarbon.
  • composition of the atmosphere can be as follows.
  • The'dew point of the atmosphere is 10 C.
  • the thin sheet steel to be carburized for instance in a 20 or 40 ton lot in open coil bobbins is placed in a furnace in the atmosphere and held at a temperature between 600720 C. for to one hour.
  • an atmosphere consisting mainly of hydrogen with 2% carbon monoxide or some hydrocarbon, the dew point being 0 C.
  • the metal can be cooled in any protective atmosphere for example dry nitrogen containing 5-10% of hydrogen by volume.
  • the amount of carbon monoxide used in the recarburizing atmosphere should be proportional to the surface area of the batch of metal being treated. Thus for instance if it is found that 2% of carbon monoxide is suitable for treating 30 tons in a furnace, the percentage for treating 40 tons will be of that necessary for a 30 ton batch.
  • the process can be carried out in such a manner that in superficial layers of 20 microns thickness on each side of the sheet the carbon content is 0.020% to 0.060% (optimum 0.040%) by weight while in the central part of the sheet representing four fifths of its total thickness the carbon content does not exceed 0.005% by weight. If recarburization exceeds these limits, the tendency to age returns but there is no tendency to brittleness.
  • the uptake of carbon can be about 0.001% of the weight of the sheet or at the most about 0.002% of it.
  • the attached graph (FIGURE 1) indicates the carbon content at various depths from the surface of a piece of sheet steel treated in accordance with the invention.
  • the horizontal axis is calibrated in microns measured from the surface of the sheet steel while the vertical axis indicates carbon content by weight as found by spectrum analysis.
  • Results of trials in connection with the invention are shown in FIGURE 2 of the attached drawing.
  • E indicates the elastic limit in kg./mm.
  • R indicates the ultimate tensile strength in leg/mmfi
  • A equals the elongation up to rupture as a percentage.
  • N indicates the number of test pieces
  • V indicates the length of yield point elongation.
  • the last seven columns headed 0O, 01 etc. indicate the number of brittle fractures.
  • the first column indicates the number of test pieces with no brittle fractures
  • the second headed 01 indicates the number of test pieces with three millimetre brittle fractures
  • the next column headed 02 indicates the number of specimens or test pieces having brittle fractures of six millimetres.
  • the following columns refer to number of specimens having respectively fractures of 9 millimetres 12 millimetres etc.
  • the invention which consists in subsequently superficially recarburizing the sheet steel by heating it in an atmosphere comprising a carbon-containing gas so as to achieve an uptake of carbon up to 0.001% maximum.
  • the invention which consists in subsequently-superficially and moderately recarburizing said non-aging sheet for having an uptake of carbon up to 0.001% maximum by submitting it to an atmosphere comprising 98% by volume of hydrogen and 2% by volume of a carbon-containing gas and having a dew point of C., during a duration continued until the carbon content in 20 micron layers to each side of the sheet steel is between 0.020% and 0.060% by weight while in the central fourfift-hs of the thickness of the sheet steel the carbon content is of maximum 0.005% so as to render the sheet steel simultaneously non-brittle and non-aging.
  • the invention which consists in subsequently superficially and moderately recarburizing said non-aging sheet so as to achieve an uptake of carbon up to 0.001% maximum by submitting it, at a temperature comprised between 600 and 720 C., to an atmosphere composed of 8% by volume of CO, 4% by volume of CO 16% by volume of H less than 1% by volume of CH; and 71% by volume of H and having a dew point of 10 C., during a duration continued until the carbon content in 20 micron layers to each side of the sheet is between 0.020% and 0.060%, by weight, while in the central four-fifths of the thickness of the sheet steel the carbon content is of maximum 0.005% and then cooling said sheet steel in a protective atmosphere

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
US413842A 1961-07-17 1964-11-25 Method of treating sheet steel Expired - Lifetime US3240636A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU40409A LU40409A1 (is") 1961-07-17 1961-07-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3240636A true US3240636A (en) 1966-03-15

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US413842A Expired - Lifetime US3240636A (en) 1961-07-17 1964-11-25 Method of treating sheet steel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3240636A (is")
AT (1) AT239294B (is")
DE (1) DE1253549B (is")
GB (1) GB998683A (is")
LU (1) LU40409A1 (is")
NL (2) NL121448C (is")

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003764A (en) * 1973-05-17 1977-01-18 Firma J. Aichelin Preparation of an ε-carbon nitride surface layer on ferrous metal parts
US4322255A (en) * 1979-01-15 1982-03-30 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat treatment of steel and method for monitoring the treatment

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003764A (en) * 1973-05-17 1977-01-18 Firma J. Aichelin Preparation of an ε-carbon nitride surface layer on ferrous metal parts
US4322255A (en) * 1979-01-15 1982-03-30 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Heat treatment of steel and method for monitoring the treatment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT239294B (de) 1965-03-25
DE1253549B (de) 1967-11-02
GB998683A (en) 1965-07-21
NL279818A (is") 1900-01-01
NL121448C (is") 1900-01-01
LU40409A1 (is") 1963-01-17

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