Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
  • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
  • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
  • C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/02—Elements
  • C08K3/06—Sulfur
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
  • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
  • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
  • C08K3/346—Clay
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/14—Peroxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08L23/06—Polyethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/28—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances natural or synthetic rubbers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
  • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
  • C08L2666/04—Macromolecular compounds according to groups C08L7/00 - C08L49/00, or C08L55/00 - C08L57/00; Derivatives thereof

Definitions

• This invention relates to electrically insulating materials and compositions.
• Electric cables which are insulated by natural and/or synthetic rubber are known. However, the use of such cables is limited to a range of relatively low voltages not exceeding about 2,000 volts owing to their inadequate resistance against ozone and ionization effects.
• this material should obviously be ozone-proof and satisfactorily meet well known mechanical qualifying tests. It was not possible heretofore to develop a material meeting both requirements.
• the latter are of greater consequence as the cable is of more complex structure, this involving the number and arrangement of its various constituents (leads, screens, insulating layers, possible reinforcements, etc.). They result in local lack of adherence between the insulation and adjacent screen, apart from unavoidable air bubbles trapped within the insulation. Such discontinuities and air occlusions are to be found in other electric units, such as bushing insulators, transformers and the like.
• the ionized particles are subjected to a persistent vibrational movement which is detrimental under various aspects to the dielectric, more particularly:
• An object of this invention is to provide an elastomer dielectric composition and dielectric material comprising said composition, which is free from the above mentioned drawbacks and can be successfully employed within the mean and high voltage range.
• a further object of this invention is to provide an elastomer dielectric composition which is subject to negligible losses in the dielectric and is unaffected by moisture.
• a still further object of this invention is to reconcile the above mentioned objects with requirements of a mechanical and technological nature, or the desired easy workability, extrusion, injection, etc. of the dielectric composition and the desired flexibility and strength against mechanical stresses of the dielectric in use in connection with cables, insulating packings and other uses.
• this invention starts from amorphous saturated copolymers of ethylene with an alpha-olefin, the latter preferably comprising propylene or butene.
• the improved elastomer composition comprises a base polymer content comprising 70-95% by weight of an amorphous saturated copolymer of ethylene with an alpha-olefin, the remaining 305% comprising a homopolymer or copolymer which is co-vulcanizable with the said amorphous saturated copolymer, and a non-hygroscopic mineral filler by a proportion up to 120 parts by weight to parts of the said base polymer content, the said composition containing a peroxide and sulphur as vulcanizing agents.
• the mineral filler proportion varies depending upon the nature and grain size of the filler and is generally not lower than 5% by weight of the polymer content.
• Suitable fillers for the purposes of this invention are, either alone or jointly, anhydrous oxides of dine, iron, aluminum, silicon and titanium; oxyhydrates of aluminum and silicon, carbonates of calcium, zinc, barium, strontium and magnesium, lithopone and barium sulphate; silicates essentially of zinc, calcium, magnesium and aluminum.
• the ethylene copolymer shall contain 10 up to 18 moles percent of ethylene; however, it is important for its Mooney viscosity (ML-212 F.) to range between about 20 and 80.
• Mooney viscosity ML-212 F.
• the technique for preparing such a copolymer is well known to experts and need not be further dealt with here.
• the polymer or copolymer co-vulcanizable with the ethylene copolymer is selected from the class consisting of polyethylene, natural rubber, butadiene-styrene copolymers, synthetic polybutadiene and polyisopropene.
• co-vulcanizable should be understood to mean that the co-vulcanizable polymer or copolymer shall be sensitive in respect of vulcanizing agents (sulphur and peroxide) by substantially the same extent as the ethylenealpha olefin copolymer, so that both shall vulcanize within the same period and under the same vulcanizing conditions.
• vulcanizing agents sulphur and peroxide
• the elastomer dielectric composition according to this invention will contain antioxidants, lubricants, plasticizers, and carbon black, depending upon requirements.
• antioxidants such as d-icumylperoxide or tertia-rybutylperoxide
• the composition is vulcanized by means of sulphur and peroxides (such as d-icumylperoxide or tertia-rybutylperoxide), so that antioxidants should be compatible with the latter.
• Anti-oxidants tested in connection with this invention which afford reliable results, are generally those belonging to the alkyl-phenol class, as well as polymerized dihydroquinoline; of course, various other antioxidants may be suitable for the purpose.
• lubricant and plasticizers are not critical.
• polymers and co-vulcanizable copolymers of low molecular weight viscosity 500 to 30,000 poises at 20 C.
• lithiumand sodium-polybutadienes of the said viscosity can be satisfactorily employed.
• the carbon black acts as so-called reinforcement and can be used for the purpose of this invention when the modulus of elasticity and/ or abrasion strength of the dielectric should be improved.
• Results obtained by applicants with the various types of currently employed carbon black were extremely surprising and disclose the critical character of the additions of this component. For instance, excellent results were obtained with MT (Medium Thermal) carbon black; FT and MPC carbon blacks gave results which may be termed good while carbon blacks known by the International designations EPC, HAF, FEF and SRF led to ready burning of the dielectric at the voltages applied during the tests.
• Example A mix of the following composition with the following percentages by weight was prepared:
• the cables manufactured according to this invention are of light weight, easy to lay and reliable in operation, do not require any protective sheathing (as is essential with paper-insulated cables) against moisture and chemical aggressives.
• the use of the invention is not limited to the cable field only.
• Mixes according to this invention are in fact easily calendered and injection molded even to complex shapes; it was possible to manufacture therefrom electric couplings and cable terminals for external use also and insulating bushing packings withstanding over one hundred kv. without corona effects or breakdown of the dielectric occurring.
• Mean-voltage experimental transformers were further manufactured, having their core and windings embedded by injection molding in the dielectric according to this invention, the latter forming at the same time the bushing insulators. Such transformers have been operating for months under load without any objection.
• a number of further uses are possible, wherever a low or mean voltage lead and an insulating dielectric for such lead are provided.
• a very important consequence of the anti-corona properties of the improved compositions concerns any reinforcement provided in the insulating layer and insulating members made from such compositions.
• compositions heretofore employed are hardly suitable in connection with textile or wire reinforcements within the insulator, both on account of the fact that the provision of such reinforcements highly increases the probability of air occlusions in the insulator and the reinforcement material such as cotton, is a cause for corona discharges, finally on account of the fact that a large number of synthetic fibers, which are per se highly insulating, are degraded by a greater or smaller extent during curing of the dielectric.
• the high anti-corona effect of the improved compositions makes possible incorporation of reinforcement of natural fibers (such as cotton, flax, hemp) or synthetic fibers (glass, regenerated cellulose, polyester) without any ionization risk and affording at the same time an improved natural resistance of the said fibers under curing conditions.
• the scope of the invention therefore extends to insulating materials in which a dielectric composition of the above described type is supported for instance on a: band of textile material, or coats both faces of the band, the resulting composite band being useful for forming; insulating layers on an electric conductor.
• a dielectric composition having anti-corona properties consisting essentially of a base-polymer material consisting of 7095% by weight of an amorphous saturated copolymer of ethylene with a member selected from the group consisting of propylene and butene, said copolymer consisting essentially of 10 to mol percent ethylene and having a Mooney viscosity (ML-212 F.) between 20 and 80, the remaining 305% consisting of polyethylene covulcanizable With said copolymer, up to 120 parts by weight based on 100 parts by Weight of said material, of a filler selected from the class consisting of anhydrous oxides of zinc, iron, aluminum, silicon and titanium, oxyhydrates of aluminium and silicon, carbonates of calcium, zinc, barium, strontium and magnesium, lithopone, barium sulfate, and silicates of zinc, calcium, magnesium and aluminum; and an organic peroxide and sulphur as vulcanizing agents, said organic peroxide selected from the class consisting of dicum
• An electric component consisting essentially of a conductor and a dielectric for insulating said conductor, said dielectric being an elastomeric composition consisting essentially of a base-polymer material consisting of 70-95% by Weight of an amorphous saturated copolymer of ethylene with a member selected from the group consisting of propylene and butene, said copolymer containing to 80 mol percent ethylene and having a Mooney viscosity (ML-212 F.) between and 80, the remaining 5% consisting of polyethylene covulcanizable with said copolymer, up to 120 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of said material, of a filler selected from the class consisting of anhydrous oxides of zinc, iron, aluminum, silicon and titanium, oxyhydrates of aluminum and silicon, carbonates of calcium, zinc, barium, strontium and magnesium, lithopone, barium sulfate, and silicates of zinc, calcium, magnesium and aluminum; and an organic peroxide and sulphur as

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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

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Cited By (18)

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Citations (5)

• 0
  • NL NL129982D patent/NL129982C/xx active
  • NL NL282067D patent/NL282067A/xx unknown
  • BE BE621744D patent/BE621744A/xx unknown
• 1962
  • 1962-07-27 US US213026A patent/US3228883A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1962-08-07 GB GB30179/62A patent/GB998499A/en not_active Expired
  • 1962-08-14 CH CH972262A patent/CH439432A/it unknown
  • 1962-08-23 DK DK369762AA patent/DK120088B/da unknown
  • 1962-08-24 LU LU42261D patent/LU42261A1/xx unknown
  • 1962-08-27 DE DE19621494209 patent/DE1494209A1/de active Pending
  • 1962-08-27 ES ES280330A patent/ES280330A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1962-08-27 NO NO145521A patent/NO117611B/no unknown
  • 1962-08-28 AT AT688762A patent/AT245247B/de active

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