US3228457A - Regenerative heat exchanger - Google Patents

Regenerative heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US3228457A
US3228457A US50272A US5027260A US3228457A US 3228457 A US3228457 A US 3228457A US 50272 A US50272 A US 50272A US 5027260 A US5027260 A US 5027260A US 3228457 A US3228457 A US 3228457A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rotor
heat
flow
housing
paths
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Expired - Lifetime
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US50272A
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English (en)
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Scholl Gunter
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D19/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
    • F28D19/04—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium using rigid bodies, e.g. mounted on a movable carrier
    • F28D19/047—Sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D19/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
    • F28D19/04—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium using rigid bodies, e.g. mounted on a movable carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/009—Heat exchange having a solid heat storage mass for absorbing heat from one fluid and releasing it to another, i.e. regenerator
    • Y10S165/013—Movable heat storage mass with enclosure
    • Y10S165/016—Rotary storage mass
    • Y10S165/018—Rotary storage mass having means controlling direction or rate of flow

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a regenerative heat exchanger which consists of a rotor which is mounted and rotatable within a stationary housing and providing with a a heat-retaining mass through which alternately the heatsupplying and the heat-absorbing media are adapted to how.
  • Regenerative heat exchangers of this general type also called Ljungstrom regenerative preheaters
  • Ljungstrom regenerative preheaters are known in the prior art in many different designs.
  • these known preheaters have, on the one hand, the advantage that relatively large heat-retaining masses may be provided therein in a relatively simple manner, they have, on the other hand, a series of very serious disadvantages which practically nullify the mentioned advantage and reduce the utility of the apparatus to a considerable extent.
  • the present invention provides that the heat-retaining mass which is disposed in an annular arrangement along the periphery of the rotor is divided into individual sectors by means of intermediate valve elements which are operated in response to their particular position during the rotation of the rotor, so that during the heat exchange the heat-supplying and heatabsorbing media will flow in two separate currents through the heat retaining mass in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor.
  • This heat transmission which is attained according to the invention is so great as compared with that of the conventional Ljungstriim prehcater that, at each revolution of the rotor carryin" the heat-retaining mass, each particle of the latter will utilize a much greater temperature gradient, namely, one about ten to twenty times as great as that of a Ljungstrom prcheater.
  • the speed of rotation of the preheater according to the invention is, for example, the same as that of a Ljungstrio'm preheater
  • the weight of the heat-retaining masses of the new type of preheater may be reduced to about one-tenth or one-twentieth of the weight of the heat-retaining masses of a Ljungstriim preheater.
  • the same amount of heat-retaining masses is applied in a preheater according to the invention as in a Ljungstrom preheater, the transmission of the same amount of heat will only require the speed of the rotor of the new preheater to be one-tenth or less of the speed of the rotor of a Ljungstrom preheater.
  • a further advantage of the regenerative heat exchanger according to the invention over the conventional Ljungstriim preheater is that any particular amount of heat to be transmitted is directly coordinated with a very particular optimum speed of the heat-retaining mass. It is thus possible to lower the degree of efficiency of the heat transmission by varying the speed of rotation of the rotor carrying the heat-retaining mass. This may be very important, for example, if the temperature of the heat-retaining masses or of the heat-receiving medium should not exceed a certain maximum.
  • a still further and very important advantage of a heat exchanger according to the invention in which the heatretaining mass revolves according to the countercurrent principle consists in the fact that, since the heat transmission is also dependent upon the product of the heat capacity of the heat-retaining mass times the speed of rotation thereof, it is possible by a suitable selection of the peripheral speed of the rotor and thus also of the heat-retaining mass to adjust within wide limits the lowest and highest admissible temperatures of the heating sur faces, that is, the range between the point of condensa tion and the point of scaling of these surfaces'
  • the inlets and outlets for the heat-supplying and heatreceiving media may be provided in such a position on the stationary housing which surrounds the rotor that at first the two media will flow into the heat-retaining mass in a substantially radial direction, then through the mass in the peripheral direction of the rotor, and finally out of the mass again in a substantially radial direction.
  • valve elements during the continuous rotary movement the individual valve elements will always be closed when they arrive at the inner edges of the gas inlets, and they will again be opened when they arrive at the inner edges of the adjacent outlets and then remain open in all other positions during their rotation.
  • a further feature of the invention consists in the fact that, if any desired number n of valve elements is distributed in the peripheral direction of the rotor, each of these elements will during one revolution of the rotor be closed twice for at least 1/11 of the length of time of one revolution, while the distance between the adjacent inlets and outlets amounts at least to the size of 1/ n of the outer periphery of the rotor.
  • valve elements In order to insure absolutely that the valve elements will always be properly operated at the right time, it is advisable to control the opening and closing movements of these elements in response to or in synchronism with the rotary movement of the rotor. This may be effected either by mechanical means, for example, by cams, rods, tappets, or the like. In some cases it may be desirable to apply other and equivalent means such as fluid pressure actuated means, for example, hydraulic means.
  • valve elements may consist of shut off valves or slide valves, although it is also possible to provide pivoted flaps or shutters or groups thereof.
  • the individual shutters of each group are then preferably arranged in the radial direction behind each other and are actuated by a common rod connecting the same.
  • spring element-s may be provided between the shutters and the common connecting rod.
  • the heat-retaining mass may consist of any desired arrangement of a material which is suitable for this purpose.
  • One arrangement which has proved to be especially effective consists of a series of coil springs which because of their large surface area and the small wire thickness produce a relatively high heat transmission and will thus transmit relatively large amounts of heat.
  • the heatretaining masses may, however, also consist of sets of flat sheet-metal plates with intermediate spacing members or wartlike projections, or of sets of corrugated sheet-metal plates.
  • the two ends of the rotor are preferably provide-d with annular disks which are sealed relative to the stationary housing.
  • the sealing means for sealing the inside of the rotor from the outer air preferably consist of slip rings which are preferably composed of individual segments, or of asbestos packing rings, asbestos cords, or the like which are acted upon by compression springs and form a tight seal along the outer wall of the stationary housing as well as along the inner surfaces of the revolving disks.
  • the heat-retaining mass should he insulated toward the outside by suitable insulating walls.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a vertical section of a regenerative heat exchanger according to the invention
  • FIGURE 2 shows a side view thereof, partly in a cross section taken along line A-B of FIGURE 1.
  • the regenerative heat exchanger according to the invention is illustrated as comprising a rotor 1 in the form of a hollow cylinder which carries on each end an annular disk 2 and is surrounded'by a stationary cylindrical housing 3.
  • Rotor 1 including disks 2, as well as housing 3 are protected from the heat of the heat exchanging means by insulating layers 4 so that any changes in size or tensions in the material due to the temperature influences will be avoided.
  • the stationary housing 3 further carries the inlets and outlets 5, 7 and 6, 8 for the entry and discharge of the two media, for example, of the flue gases to be cooled and of the air to be preheated.
  • rotor 1 rests on friction rollers 9 which are driven from the outside by suitable means, not shown, so as to drive rotor 1 in the direction as shown by the arrow 11.
  • a central drive shaft 12 as indicated diagrammatically by dot-anddash lines, which is then supported by suitable bearings.
  • the annular space which is enclosed by the components 1, 2 and 3 is divided by valvelike elements, for example, individual groups of hinged vane-type shutters 13, into individual sectors 14 in which heat-retaining masses are mounted which may consist, for example, of coil springs 15 which insure an excellent heat transmission, or of sets of flat sheet-metal plates 16 which are separated by spacing members, or of sets of corrugated plates 17 which are disposed at right angles to each other.
  • valvelike elements for example, individual groups of hinged vane-type shutters 13 into individual sectors 14 in which heat-retaining masses are mounted which may consist, for example, of coil springs 15 which insure an excellent heat transmission, or of sets of flat sheet-metal plates 16 which are separated by spacing members, or of sets of corrugated plates 17 which are disposed at right angles to each other.
  • a slip ring 18 which may be composed of several segments may be placed around the outer peripheral wall of housing 3, as shown adjacent to the right end thereof, and this slip ring may be acted upon by compression springs 19 in such a manner that its outer edge will slidably engage with the inner surface of disk 2 and thus form a tight seal.
  • the sealing means may, however, also consist of an asbestos cord 21 which forms a continuous ring and is placed around the outer wall of housing 3. This asbestos ring 21 may be pressed by springs 22 against the respective disk 2, as indicated at the left side of FIGURE 2, and will thus seal the gap between rotor 1 and the stationary housing 3.
  • housing 3 is preferably made of a light construction, for example, of thin sheet metal, and is, in turn, supported by rollers on the lateral disks 2. The Weight of the apparatus is then borne by the foundation through disks 2 and friction rollers 9.
  • Rotor 1. which carries the. heat-retaining mass 15, 16,
  • FIGURE 1 in a position in which the two sets of shutters 13', after passing the inlets 5 and 7, have just been closed so that the hollow space surrounded by the components 1, 2, and 3 will be divided into two entirely separate annular channels 25 and 26, each of which extends along an angular distance of about 150.
  • shutters 13 is preferably controlled by the rotary movement of rotor 1, for example, by mechanical means in the form of stationary cams 27, rods, tappets, or the like, each of which is operatively associated with a rod 28 which is connected to one set of shutters 13 so as to open or close the latter.
  • Shutters 13 may, however, also be controlled by fluid pressure actuated means, as indicated diagrammatically in FIGURE 2 by a control rod 31 which is hydraulically controlled by a piston 29.
  • each of them is preferably provided with a separate spring, not shown, which is connected to the common connecting rod 28.
  • a separate spring not shown, which is connected to the common connecting rod 28.
  • the regenerative heat exchanger according to the invention may be modified in numerous ways.
  • a regenerative heat exchanger comprising a station ary housing, a rotor mounted to rotate within said housing, heat exchanging material carried by said rotor, said rnaterial providing a plurality of passages for fiow of gaseous fluid media therethrough peripherally of said rotor, valve means carried by said rotor comprising a plurality of sets of valve members arranged to divide said rotor into a plurality of sector shaped compartments each containing a separate mass of said material, each of said sets of valve members when closed being operative to separate contiguous compartments and when open providing for free flow of fluid through contiguous compartments from an inlet to an outlet of the apparatus, a first inlet and a first outlet for high temperature heat delivering fluid peripherally spaced in said housing and located on the same side of a plane coincident with the rotor axis, a second inlet and a second outlet for low temperature heat absorbing fluid peripherally spaced in said housing on the opposite side of said plane, said first and said second inlets and outlets being
  • a heat exchanger as defined in claim 1 in which at least a portion of said shell is provided with an inner lining of insulating material providing the radial outer wall for said paths of flow, whereby insulating material is interposed between said gaseous media and the supporting structure for the walls of said paths of flow over substantially the entire area of said walls.
  • a regenerative heat exchanger as defined in claim 1 in which each of the disc portions of the rotor cooperates with and rests on a plurality of rollers rotatable around their axes which are fixed in relation to said stationary housing.
  • each of said rollers is provided with grooves in which the disc portions of the rotors are located for axial fixation of the rotor.
  • a regenerative heat exchanger as defined in claim 1 in which sealing means are nonrotatably mounted on the stationary housing and located outside the surface thereof facing the heat exchanging material and the valve means, said sealing means being axially slidable and provided with means for moving said sealing means into sealing proximity to the axially inner surfaces of said disc portions of the rotor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
US50272A 1959-09-09 1960-08-17 Regenerative heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3228457A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DESCH26662A DE1124983B (de) 1959-09-09 1959-09-09 Regenerativ-Waermeaustauscher, dessen Rotor von den beiden Medien im Gegenstrom zu seiner umlaufenden Bewegung durchstroemt wird

Publications (1)

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US3228457A true US3228457A (en) 1966-01-11

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ID=7430521

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US50272A Expired - Lifetime US3228457A (en) 1959-09-09 1960-08-17 Regenerative heat exchanger

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US (1) US3228457A (de)
CH (1) CH370103A (de)
DE (1) DE1124983B (de)
GB (1) GB921168A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019224563A1 (en) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-28 Intelligent Power Generation Limited Rotary regenerator

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1603026A (en) * 1925-10-24 1926-10-12 George C Cook Regenerative air preheater
US1843252A (en) * 1926-04-30 1932-02-02 Toensfeldt Kurt Heat recoverer
US2151356A (en) * 1938-01-25 1939-03-21 Walter K Queen Rod packing
US2344384A (en) * 1937-01-06 1944-03-14 Altenkirch Edmund Air conditioning
US2766970A (en) * 1953-09-21 1956-10-16 Air Preheater High pressure circumferential seal
US2797539A (en) * 1951-09-14 1957-07-02 Philips Corp Method and apparatus of making a regenerator
US2891576A (en) * 1955-03-29 1959-06-23 Barber Colman Co Air mixing damper
US2925880A (en) * 1954-02-03 1960-02-23 Munters Carl Georg Moisture exchanger for gaseous mediums
US2940736A (en) * 1949-05-25 1960-06-14 Svenska Rotor Maskiner Ab Element set for heat exchangers
US2951686A (en) * 1954-07-02 1960-09-06 Sandmann Herbert Heat exchangers
US2976884A (en) * 1958-05-19 1961-03-28 Anemostat Corp America Valve structures
US3049985A (en) * 1959-01-19 1962-08-21 American Foundry & Furnace Com Louver type damper
US3108632A (en) * 1960-04-20 1963-10-29 Combustion Eng Rotor arrangement for rotary regenerative heat exchanger

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE471199C (de) * 1924-11-28 1929-02-08 Ljungstroms Angturbin Ab Waermeaustauschvorrichtung, insbesondere zur Vorwaermung von Verbrennungsluft
US1722788A (en) * 1926-10-07 1929-07-30 George C Cook Heat-interchanger unit for regenerative air preheaters
GB311889A (en) * 1928-04-02 1929-05-23 Frank Bailey Improvements in apparatus for use in effecting the exchange of heat between fluids
DE758672C (de) * 1938-04-14 1953-05-18 Ljungstroems Aangturbin Ab Regenerativ-Waermeaustauscher mit einem in einem Gehaeuse um eine senkrechte Achse drehbaren Laeufer
DE890964C (de) * 1948-05-28 1953-09-24 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Regenerativ-Waermeaustauscher
DE825442C (de) * 1949-02-10 1951-12-20 Kraftanlagen Ag Umlaufender Regenerativ-Vorwaermer
DE824213C (de) * 1949-02-15 1951-12-10 Andrew Thomson Bowden Abdichtung fuer einen umlaufenden Regenerativ-Waermeaustauscher
DE816580C (de) * 1949-11-13 1956-06-14 Guenter Dr-Ing Schoell Regeneratormasse fuer Regenerativ-Waermeaustauscher
FR1077508A (fr) * 1950-01-04 1954-11-09 Ljungstroms Angturbin Ab échangeur de chaleur
FR1078310A (fr) * 1950-01-04 1954-11-17 Ljungstroms Angturbin Ab Perfectionnements aux échangeurs de chaleur

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1603026A (en) * 1925-10-24 1926-10-12 George C Cook Regenerative air preheater
US1843252A (en) * 1926-04-30 1932-02-02 Toensfeldt Kurt Heat recoverer
US2344384A (en) * 1937-01-06 1944-03-14 Altenkirch Edmund Air conditioning
US2151356A (en) * 1938-01-25 1939-03-21 Walter K Queen Rod packing
US2940736A (en) * 1949-05-25 1960-06-14 Svenska Rotor Maskiner Ab Element set for heat exchangers
US2797539A (en) * 1951-09-14 1957-07-02 Philips Corp Method and apparatus of making a regenerator
US2766970A (en) * 1953-09-21 1956-10-16 Air Preheater High pressure circumferential seal
US2925880A (en) * 1954-02-03 1960-02-23 Munters Carl Georg Moisture exchanger for gaseous mediums
US2951686A (en) * 1954-07-02 1960-09-06 Sandmann Herbert Heat exchangers
US2891576A (en) * 1955-03-29 1959-06-23 Barber Colman Co Air mixing damper
US2976884A (en) * 1958-05-19 1961-03-28 Anemostat Corp America Valve structures
US3049985A (en) * 1959-01-19 1962-08-21 American Foundry & Furnace Com Louver type damper
US3108632A (en) * 1960-04-20 1963-10-29 Combustion Eng Rotor arrangement for rotary regenerative heat exchanger

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019224563A1 (en) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-28 Intelligent Power Generation Limited Rotary regenerator
US11231236B2 (en) * 2018-05-25 2022-01-25 Intelligent Power Generation Limited Rotary regenerator

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Publication number Publication date
GB921168A (en) 1963-03-13
CH370103A (de) 1963-06-30
DE1124983B (de) 1962-03-08

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