US3220367A - Divided taper brick - Google Patents

Divided taper brick Download PDF

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Publication number
US3220367A
US3220367A US177004A US17700462A US3220367A US 3220367 A US3220367 A US 3220367A US 177004 A US177004 A US 177004A US 17700462 A US17700462 A US 17700462A US 3220367 A US3220367 A US 3220367A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
brick
arch
faces
angle
taper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US177004A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph L Stein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Refractories Co
Original Assignee
General Refractories Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL133637D priority Critical patent/NL133637C/xx
Priority to NL289641D priority patent/NL289641A/xx
Application filed by General Refractories Co filed Critical General Refractories Co
Priority to US177004A priority patent/US3220367A/en
Priority to GB3277/63A priority patent/GB985708A/en
Priority to AT161363A priority patent/AT250848B/de
Priority to DEG27522U priority patent/DE1872893U/de
Priority to FR926554A priority patent/FR1353186A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3220367A publication Critical patent/US3220367A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/08—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units assembled of block-shaped elements, e.g. hollow stones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/06—Crowns or roofs for combustion chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to refractory bricks of the type used in forming a working refractory lining such as an arch, roof, side wall or bottom of a metallurgical furnace, or a rotary kiln lining.
  • a purpose of my invention is to provide a composite refractory shape possessing increased wedging taper.
  • a further purpose is to produce a brick having a wedging taper or keying effect greater than that possessed by conventional standard brick shapes which form structures of the same general dimensions.
  • a further purpose is to prolong the lives of furnace brick when used in roofs and other linings by locking spalled sections' of the brick into the structure.
  • a further purpose is to prolong the life of furnace linings by locking bricks into the structure so they cannot become dislodged.
  • a further purpose is tol form a more stable arch, roof, side wall, end wall or iloor of a metallurgical furnace by locking the brick into the structure.
  • a further purpose ' is to allow the use of a lining of lesser thickness than similar linings of conventional shaped brick.
  • a further purpose is to create a keying effect in a flat wall or flat bottom of a metallurgical furnace.
  • a further purpose is to more securely lock the brick in a rotary kiln lining.
  • FIGURE 1 is an elevational section of a prior art arch.
  • FIGURE 2 is an elevational section of a prior art arch in which the outside radius of the arch is less than the outside radius of the arch of FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 is an end elevation of a prior art taper brick.
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of the brick of FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 5 is an end elevation of a taper brick according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of the brick of the invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is an end elevation of a modified form of the brick of the invention.
  • FIGURE 8 is a perspective view of a ⁇ solid rectangular block having the brick of the invention superimposed thereon.
  • FIGURE 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of the curved arch of the invention.
  • FIGURE l0 is an exploded perspective view of the curved arch of the invention from a position below the arch.
  • FIGURE 11 is an end elevation showing the brick of the invention for use in straight arches.
  • FIGURE 12 is a plan view of the brick of FIG- URE 1l.
  • FIGURE 13 is an end elevation of a flat arch of the invention.
  • FIGURE 14 is a perspective view of the brick of FIG- URE 6 having external metallic oxidizable metallic plates.
  • An arch is a structural member usually, but not necessarily, curved and made up of separate wedge shape solids with their joints at right angles to the curve.
  • an arch is primarily used to support the Weight of the solids or bricks forming the arch so that an enclosure is formed as a working refractory lining.
  • an arch is considered to include both a curved and flat structure.
  • the strengt of the arch to support vertical loads is increased in the case of curved arches without decreasing the radius of curvature of the arch, and in the case of a iiat span, the vertical forces are resolved into a diagonal thrust so that an increased span can be used.
  • the present invention provides for interlocking the bricks of the arch together.
  • the brick of the invention is particularly applicable to lining rotary kilns used for the calcining of raw materials, for the production of cement klinker, and similar type of roasting operations. It will be seen that in a kiln of this sort the radius of curvature of the kiln is fixed by the outside plate structure and could conceivably be, for instance, of a 16 feet 6 inch diameter. These diameters have been constantly increasing and as seen in the general description above, the wedge angle of the prior art brick decreases as the diameter or radius of the kiln increases. This decrease in wedge angle results in many instances in a loose tting brick in the lining with subsequent development of trouble spots caused by falling brick.
  • the radius of curvature of the brick lining which is determined by the diameter of the kiln is kept constant while the wedge angle of the brick is increased. This results in a strong interlocking lining which is desirable for trouble free operation.
  • rotary kilns can be increased in diameter far in excess of that which was permissible with a prior art taper brick, since the wedge angle of the present brick is increased over that of the prior art while at the same time maintaining the radius of curvature of the lining.
  • the same vertical thrust can be supported in an arch having approximatelytwo times the radius of curvature of a prior art arch' required to support the same vertical thrust. It is desirable to increase the radius of curvature while reducing the rise per foot of an arch in order to build a more compact metallurgical furnace or the like, and in order to reduce the weight of the arch.
  • the normal to the taper. surface yields a greater vertical component.
  • the vertical component is the force which holds the bricks up, and that the force normal to the taper is the force ultimately imparted by the bearing points of skewbacks of the arch, it is desirable to keep the forces normal to the tapered surface as low as possible for a given roof and that the more vertical the normal the less overall force is needed at the skewbacks.
  • the brick of the invention yields not only a llatter curved arch, but also reduces the necessary force imparted to the roof by the skewbacks, since it wil be seen that the normal force is more nearly vertical than in the prior art arches.
  • the present invention uses a shape which results in an interlock of the bricks. This interlock incidentally keeps any spalled sections of the brick in place to continue to .perform the functionof a working refractory lining.
  • compensations in roof thicknesses had to be made to allow for these spalled sections dropping out so that the roof thickness had to be made thicker than necessary for an integral roof.
  • the retention of these spalled sections in the roof by interlocking allows the roof to remain smaller in thickness so that a saving in material results. This savings in material reduces to a considerable extent the forces to which the superstructure of the furnace or kiln is subjected.
  • FIGURE l shows an arch in an end elevation constructed according to the prior art.
  • Taper bricks 21 are placed in abutting relationship to one another.
  • the bricks have a taper angle 22 and the arch has a radius of curvature 23 from a center of rotation 24.
  • a normal force 25 must be exerted on the ends of the arch normal to the face 27 to achieve a vertical component 28 of the magnitude of one-half of the weight of the arch 20.
  • FIGURE 2 is shown the prior art wherein an arch 30 with the same span as the arch. 20 has an increased taper angle 32 and a decreased ⁇ radius of curvature 33.
  • the present invention permits the increase of the angle of taper of the brick without decreasing the radius of curvature of the arch.
  • FIGURES 3 and 4 show a taper brick 40 of the prior art having an outer circumferential face 42 and an inner curcumferential face 43 which are parallel to one another, and end faces 44 and 44 which are parallel to one another. Radial converging faces 45 and 46 are longitudinally disposed directly opposite one another.
  • the brick has a taper angle 49.
  • a brick has a longitudinal portion 51 and a longitudinal portion 51.
  • the brick has an outer circumferential face 52 and an inner face circumferential 53 which lie in parallel planes. End faces 54 and 54 are parallel to one another and lie in planes perpendicular to the faces 52 and 53.
  • the radial face 56 desirably forms a 90 degree angle with face 53 and radial face forms an obtuse angle with face 53.
  • the circtunferential width of the face 52 of the brick of the invention is equal to the width of the circumferential face 4210i the prior art brick 40 and the width of the inner circumferential face 53 at the longitudinal portion 51 would be equal to the width of the face 43 of the prior art brick 40, and the height of the brick 40 is equal to the height of the brick 50, then the angle 58 would be equal to the taper angle 49 of the prior art brick 40.
  • the radial face 56 is suitably disposed at an angle of 90 degrees to the face 53 and the circumferential face 55 is disposed at an obtuse angle to the face 53.
  • the longitudinal portion 51 would have a taper angle 58'. These would be equal to the corresponding radius of cur-- vature and taper angle of the longitudinally displaced portion 51 of brick 50 as well as the taper brick 40 of the prior art.
  • the brick 50 has transverse faces 57 between portions 51 and 51'.
  • the radial faces 55, 55', 56 and 56' all lie in different planes.
  • the pair of diagonally opposed radial faces 55 and 55' lie in planes which. form a given taper :angle 59 and the pair of diagonally opposed radial faces 56 and 56 lie in planes which are parallel.
  • Bricks 60 are placed in an abutting relationship in the formation of an arch 60' as shown in FIGURE 9.
  • the bricks 60 are similar to the bricks 50 described above, except the longitudinally offset portions 61 and 61 are at the outer circumference of the arch, rather than at the inner circumference as would be the case with the diagonally opposed radial brick 50.
  • the faces 65 and 65 are radial converging faces, while the diagonally opposed faces 66 and 66 are parallel faces.
  • the faces 65 and 65 form a taper angle which corresponds to the angle 59 of the brick of the invention 50.
  • the longitudinal portions 61 and 61' are of substantially equal length so the bricks 60 can suitably interengage one another.
  • the radius of curvature lof this arch would be the same as a prior art taper brick having a taper angle equal to angle 58 or angle 58' in the bricks 50.
  • the taper angle of the brick is substantially greater than the angle 49, or the angle 58 or the angle 58'. This is because the effective surfaces for transmitting the forces from brick to brick are the faces 65 and 65 and the faces form a taper angle which corresponds to angle 59 for the brick 50. These faces 65 and 65 become the taper or wedge faces for the brick 60.
  • the radial faces 65, 65', 66 .and 66 all lie in different planes.
  • the pair of diagonally opposed radial faces 65 and 65' lie in planes which form a given taper angle and the pair of diagonally opposed radial faces 66 and 66' lie in planes which intersect to form an angle different from the given taper angle.
  • the brick 50 of the invention as shown in the ernbodiment of FIGURES 5 and 6 as well as the brick 60 of FIGURE 9 has a much greater taper angle 59 than the taper angle 49 of the prior art brick of FIGURE 3 while at the same time maintaining the same radius of curvature as the brick of FIGURE 3 when employed in an arch.
  • FIGURE 7 there is shown a further embodiment of the invention.
  • Brick 70 has displaced longitudinal portions 71 and 71.
  • Circumferential face 72 -and circumferential inner face 73 are parallel to one another and end face 74 and its opposite face are parallel to one another and perpendicular to faces 72 and 73.
  • Radial faces 75 and 76 intersect faces 72 and 73 in longitudinal portion 71 and radial faces 7 6 and 75 intersect faces 72 and 73 in the longitudinal portions 71'.
  • Transverse 'faces 77 join the radial faces 75, 75', 76 and 76'.
  • the faces 75 and 76 form a taper angle of 78, and the faces 75' and 76' form a taper ⁇ angle of 78'.
  • the faces 75 and 75 lie in planes which form a taper angle of 79 for the brick.
  • the radial faces 76 and 76 lie in planes which converge at an angle other than that of angle 79.
  • FIGURE 7 is similar to that of FIGURE 5 except the angle formed by faces 76 and 73 is an acute angle rather than a right angle.
  • FIGURE 8 there is shown a rectangular block having the brick of FIGURE 5 imposed thereon in dotted lines.
  • the dotted portions 111 and 112 are removed to form the brick of the invention in the embodiment 50.
  • the basic rectangular shape could be of any relative dimensions with respect to width, height, or length.
  • FIGURE there is shown a key section for an arch which is formed from below, where assembly from above is undesirable or impossible.
  • all the bricks 50 can be inserted in place from below until the final two bricks.
  • a split brick having sections 80 and 802 are used.
  • the section 80 is first placed in position against a brick 50 as shown from below.
  • a full brick of the invention 89 in all respects similar to a brick 50 is then placed into position by a lateral movement to the arch in a horizontal direction.
  • the split brick 802 is then placed into position against brick 80', 89 and 50 by a horizontal or lateral movement to key the brick into position.
  • FIGURE 14 A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGURE 14 wherein external Ioxidizable steel plates 100 are embedded in faces 53 and 53 of taper brick 50. Suitable chamfers 101 and 101 are cut into the brick. Tongues 102 lanced from plates 100' are comolded into the -brick refractory. These oxidizable metallic plates reduce spalling and increase the useful life of the brick. It will be evident that where oxidizable metallic plates are used, the refractory material should be of a basic refractory compatible with the plates.
  • FIGURES l1, 112 and 13 The brick of the invention as used in at arches or spans is shown in FIGURES l1, 112 and 13.
  • brick 90 has longitudinallly displaced portions 91 and 91. Radial faces 95 and 96 are parallel and no convergence exists between them, as are radial faces 95 and 96. The faces 92 and 93 are also parallel. There is no angle of taper in longitudinal portion 91 or longitudinal portion 91'.
  • the brick is similar in other respects to that of FIGURES 5 and 7. However, the faces 96 and 96 which become the faces on which a brick is supported, lie in planes which do converge and these faces form an angle of taper 99 which permits the erection of a at arch with an infinite radius of curvature.
  • FIG- URE 13 it will be seen that in arch 100 forces F1 and F2 at the skewbacks exert a force normal to the downwardly directed faces of the end bricks of the arch 100.
  • the force F1 is transmitted to the opposite face of the same longitudinal portion, diminished by the Weight of the end brick and a force F3 is exerted against the next inwardly placed brick.
  • flat arches of considerable span can be erected.
  • the ⁇ arch and brick of the invention are self-supporting, the invention is equally applicable to partially self-supported arches or fully supported arches having hanger and other attachment means.
  • the bricks of the invention may be used in walls, floors, and other linings of metallurgical furnaces and the like where suitable.
  • bricks of the invention can be used where a working refractory lining is used or necessary.
  • a curved refractory arch having a first center of curvature and having an inner and outer circumference comprising a plurality of refractory bricks, each of said bricks having a first longitudinal portion including an end face, a irst inner circumferential face, a first outer circumferential face, and an opposed pair of rst radial faces extending between said rst inner and outer circumferential faces, and a second longitudinal portion including a second end face, a second inner circumferential face, a second outer circumferential face, and an opposed pair of second radial faces extending between said second inner and outer circumferential faces, each of said first and second radial faces lying in separate planes, one of said first radial faces extending in a plane convergently disposed to the plane of a diagonally opposed said second radial face to form a first taper angle supporting said brick in said arch, said planes directed toward and converging at a second center of curvature closer to the arch than the first center of
  • FRANK L. ABBOTT Primary Examiner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
US177004A 1962-03-02 1962-03-02 Divided taper brick Expired - Lifetime US3220367A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL133637D NL133637C (pt) 1962-03-02
NL289641D NL289641A (pt) 1962-03-02
US177004A US3220367A (en) 1962-03-02 1962-03-02 Divided taper brick
GB3277/63A GB985708A (en) 1962-03-02 1963-01-25 Improvements relating to refractory bricks
AT161363A AT250848B (de) 1962-03-02 1963-03-01 Feuerfeste Steine und Gewölbe aus solchen Steinen
DEG27522U DE1872893U (de) 1962-03-02 1963-03-01 Feuerfester stein zum aufbau von feuerfesten auskleidungen fuer gewoelbe, decken od. dgl.
FR926554A FR1353186A (fr) 1962-03-02 1963-03-01 Perfectionnements apportés aux briques ou voussoirs réfractaires et aux voûtes constituées à l'aide de ces briques ou voussoirs

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US177004A US3220367A (en) 1962-03-02 1962-03-02 Divided taper brick

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US3220367A true US3220367A (en) 1965-11-30

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US177004A Expired - Lifetime US3220367A (en) 1962-03-02 1962-03-02 Divided taper brick

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US (1) US3220367A (pt)
AT (1) AT250848B (pt)
DE (1) DE1872893U (pt)
GB (1) GB985708A (pt)
NL (2) NL133637C (pt)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3340831A (en) * 1965-06-09 1967-09-12 Gen Refractories Co Suspended refractory construction
US3396504A (en) * 1965-09-29 1968-08-13 Magnesita S A Adjustable keystone assembly of molded refractory material for arches, walls and the ike
FR2455259A1 (fr) * 1979-04-24 1980-11-21 Cockerill Brique pour le revetement refractaire d'un recipient metallurgique
US4390501A (en) * 1980-04-09 1983-06-28 Director-General, Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology High temperature gas distributor for fluidized bed
US4473534A (en) * 1980-05-07 1984-09-25 Director-General, Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Gas distributor for fluidized bed
US4785769A (en) * 1987-02-18 1988-11-22 W. B. Black & Sons (Holdings) Limited Refractory lined bodies
US20040088929A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc. Landscaping block
US20140366478A1 (en) * 2011-12-02 2014-12-18 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Bridgelike support structure made of fireproof ceramic bricks
US20150308745A1 (en) * 2013-03-27 2015-10-29 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Arch brick, cylindrical internal lining of a rotary kiln and rotary kiln
US9834902B2 (en) 2015-02-25 2017-12-05 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems Llc Blocks, block systems and methods of making blocks
US10201793B2 (en) * 2016-10-04 2019-02-12 Corner Star Limited Fluidized bed reactor including liner
US20210024398A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2021-01-28 Jushi Group Co., Ltd. Glass fiber tank kiln passage crown structure

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2127872B (en) * 1982-09-02 1985-10-16 William Mcmullan Hawthorne Paving or building block
GB2168733A (en) * 1984-12-03 1986-06-25 Peter Kreamer Construction brick
DE3933744A1 (de) * 1989-10-10 1991-04-18 Radex Heraklith Schlusssteinset

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE89961C (pt) *
US1683A (en) * 1840-07-10 count de lisle
US468840A (en) * 1892-02-16 Interlocking brick
GB190508392A (en) * 1905-04-19 1906-03-01 William Porritt Ingham Improvements in Bricks or Blocks for Building, Paving, the Construction of Floors or other purposes.
US1281976A (en) * 1914-04-10 1918-10-15 Hubert I Keim Brick.
US1420810A (en) * 1920-05-18 1922-06-27 Guy M Bean Interlocking brick and the like
US1530196A (en) * 1924-04-14 1925-03-17 Norris Alvin Ruilding block
US2192642A (en) * 1939-03-03 1940-03-05 E J Lavino & Co Furnace construction
US2319064A (en) * 1940-11-30 1943-05-11 Gilbert Co A C Fan oscillator with stationed handle control
US2400827A (en) * 1942-01-02 1946-05-21 Jones Herbert Furance and like building construction
US2915893A (en) * 1953-03-27 1959-12-08 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Metal clad refractory brick
US3005423A (en) * 1959-01-06 1961-10-24 Levi S Longenecker Radial basic furnace roof

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE89961C (pt) *
US1683A (en) * 1840-07-10 count de lisle
US468840A (en) * 1892-02-16 Interlocking brick
GB190508392A (en) * 1905-04-19 1906-03-01 William Porritt Ingham Improvements in Bricks or Blocks for Building, Paving, the Construction of Floors or other purposes.
US1281976A (en) * 1914-04-10 1918-10-15 Hubert I Keim Brick.
US1420810A (en) * 1920-05-18 1922-06-27 Guy M Bean Interlocking brick and the like
US1530196A (en) * 1924-04-14 1925-03-17 Norris Alvin Ruilding block
US2192642A (en) * 1939-03-03 1940-03-05 E J Lavino & Co Furnace construction
US2319064A (en) * 1940-11-30 1943-05-11 Gilbert Co A C Fan oscillator with stationed handle control
US2400827A (en) * 1942-01-02 1946-05-21 Jones Herbert Furance and like building construction
US2915893A (en) * 1953-03-27 1959-12-08 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Metal clad refractory brick
US3005423A (en) * 1959-01-06 1961-10-24 Levi S Longenecker Radial basic furnace roof

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3340831A (en) * 1965-06-09 1967-09-12 Gen Refractories Co Suspended refractory construction
US3396504A (en) * 1965-09-29 1968-08-13 Magnesita S A Adjustable keystone assembly of molded refractory material for arches, walls and the ike
FR2455259A1 (fr) * 1979-04-24 1980-11-21 Cockerill Brique pour le revetement refractaire d'un recipient metallurgique
US4390501A (en) * 1980-04-09 1983-06-28 Director-General, Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology High temperature gas distributor for fluidized bed
US4473534A (en) * 1980-05-07 1984-09-25 Director-General, Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Gas distributor for fluidized bed
US4785769A (en) * 1987-02-18 1988-11-22 W. B. Black & Sons (Holdings) Limited Refractory lined bodies
US20040088929A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc. Landscaping block
US20140366478A1 (en) * 2011-12-02 2014-12-18 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Bridgelike support structure made of fireproof ceramic bricks
US9388569B2 (en) * 2011-12-02 2016-07-12 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Bridgelike support structure made of fireproof ceramic bricks
US20150308745A1 (en) * 2013-03-27 2015-10-29 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Arch brick, cylindrical internal lining of a rotary kiln and rotary kiln
US9834902B2 (en) 2015-02-25 2017-12-05 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems Llc Blocks, block systems and methods of making blocks
US10337163B2 (en) 2015-02-25 2019-07-02 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems Llc Blocks, block systems and methods of making blocks
US10760242B2 (en) 2015-02-25 2020-09-01 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems Llc Blocks, block systems and methods of making blocks
US10201793B2 (en) * 2016-10-04 2019-02-12 Corner Star Limited Fluidized bed reactor including liner
US20210024398A1 (en) * 2018-06-21 2021-01-28 Jushi Group Co., Ltd. Glass fiber tank kiln passage crown structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT250848B (de) 1966-11-25
DE1872893U (de) 1963-05-30
GB985708A (en) 1965-03-10
NL133637C (pt)
NL289641A (pt)

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