US3216125A - Method of and apparatus for heattreating granular materials in a gas current - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for heattreating granular materials in a gas current Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3216125A
US3216125A US178628A US17862862A US3216125A US 3216125 A US3216125 A US 3216125A US 178628 A US178628 A US 178628A US 17862862 A US17862862 A US 17862862A US 3216125 A US3216125 A US 3216125A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
reaction chamber
hot gas
chamber
gas
discharge pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US178628A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dennert Heinz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3216125A publication Critical patent/US3216125A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/245—Spouted-bed technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02—Treatment
    • C04B20/04—Heat treatment
    • C04B20/06—Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D19/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
    • F28D19/02—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium using granular particles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of heat-treating granular materials in a gas current and more particularly to improvements in such a heat-treating method for the purpose of baking, calcining, or sintering the respective materials, in which the material is treated in a suspended state by means of a hot gas current in a reaction chamber which is provided with a draft which is directed opposite to the gas current, and in which the reaction chamber is charged and emptied intermittently.
  • This known intermittent method of heating granular materials in a gas current has the important advantage over the numerous conventional continuous methods that the length of the period during which the material remains in the reaction chamber is independent of its granular size, which means that the finer as well as the coarser material remains for the same length of time in the reaction chamber. This is especially of importance in the treatment of expansible materials and especially expansible clay.
  • the present invention is based upon the following technical presumptions and conditions:
  • reaction chamber of a suitable shape, namely, by making it in the form of a funnel with a relatively large generating angle of, for example, approximately 60. Since the velocity of flow of the gas entering at the neck of the funnel decreases rapidly because of the wide angle of the funnel, the buoyant force exerted upon the granular material also decreases accordingly.
  • this apparatus comprises a reaction chamber 1, a burner 2 in a combustion chamber with a fuel supply line 3 connected thereto, and a control element 4 interposed in the fuel line.
  • the combustion chamber and the reaction chamber 1 are connected by a channel 6 in which the flame of the burner can form which, however, cannot reach beyond the end of channel 6 so that only hot gas but no flame will enter into the reaction chamber 1.
  • This chamber 1 is connected by a channel 7 with a container 8 into which new material may be supplied through a gate 9 and in which this material is preheated in a manner as subsequently described.
  • the preheated material is passed from container 8 through the line 10 to the inlet port 11 of the reaction chamber in any suitable manner, as indicated diagrammatically by the dot-,
  • the air supply line 14 coming from the blower 5 branches olf into the two lines 15 and 16 which may be controlled by flaps 17 and 18 by means of a servo drive 19. In the operating condition of the apparatus as illustrated, flap 17 is open and flap 18 is closed.
  • Channel 6 is also connected to a flue 20 which is provided with a flap 21 which during the operation of the apparatus is held in the closed position, for example, by a spring 21'.
  • control member 23 which controls the connection between the reaction chamber 1 and a cooling chamber 24.
  • This cooling chamber 24 is, in turn, connected to chambers 25 and 26 which may be shut off from each other by a further control member 27.
  • the discharge port of chamber 26 which terminates into a discharge channel .29 for the treated material is closed during the operation of the apparatus by a control member 28.
  • control members 23, 27, and 28 are indicated in the form of valve cones, and likewise for the purpose of illustration it is assumed that they are jointly controlled by a servo drive 30.
  • Channel 15 which in the operating condition as illustrated is closed, terminates into channel 31 which leads to chamber 1.
  • blower 5 then supplies air under pressure through line 14, channel 16, chamber 25, chamber 24, and channel 31 to the burner 2.
  • the flame of the burner burns in channel 6, and the hot gas enters under pressure into the reaction chamber 1 which contains a certain quantity of the granular material which is to be expanded. Due to the constriction which is formed by the neck 32 of the reaction chamber 1, the velocity of flow of the gas is accordingly increased so that in the reaction chamber 1 a hot gas jet is formed which is closed to a certain extent and puts the granular material into a circulating motion, asindicated in the drawing, and thereby returns it to its starting point 32.
  • a conical deflecting plate 33 is provided near the upper end of reaction chamber 1 and additional deflecting plates 34 in front of the opening into gas channel 7. While the material carries out its circulating movement in chamber 1, the gas which is still very hot flows through channel 7 into the preheating chamber 8 in which it transmits its heat or a part thereof to the material in chamber 8 and then flows ofi either toward the outside or to a place where the residual heat is utilized.
  • Chamber 24 contains the material of the preceding charge which has already been treated. Since the cold air current which is supplied by the blower 5 through line 16 passes through this treated material in chamber 24, it is cooled, while at the same time the air in front of the burner 2 is preheated. The material in chamber 24 thus floats in a freely suspended condition in the air current.
  • flaps 17 and 18 are at first turned to their vertical position so that channel 16 is closed and channel is opened.
  • the compressed air which is further supplied by the blower then passes through the channel section 36 directly to the burner 2 which is then shut oif or at least considerably throttled.
  • valve member 23 is operated to open the valve members 23 and 28 and to close the valve member 27.
  • the treated and cooled material in chamber 26 is then removed from the apparatus at 29.
  • flap 12 is also moved to its vertical position so that channel 7 is shut off and the flow of gas in chamber 1 is interrupted.
  • the pressure which is then formed in channel 6 passes into the flue 20 and opens flaps 21 therein, so that the gas can then escape to the outside. Since valve member 23 is then in the open position, the hot material which has been expanded completely can leave the reaction chamber 1 through pipe 22 and drop into chambers 24 and 25, but no further since a screen 37 which has been moved together with valve members 23, 27, and 28 blocks the passage at 38.
  • a method of treating a granular expansible mineral in a hot gas current to expand the granules thereof comprising the steps of periodically charging an upwardly diverging reaction chamber with a batch of said granular mineral, injecting under pressure a current of hot gas of smaller cross-section than the cross-section of the reaction chamber into the lower end of said chamber, passing said current in the upward direction through said chamber and from said chamber through a charging and preheating chamber adapted to periodically receive new batches of the mineral to be treated in said reaction chamber for preheating at least the next new charge, said mineral in said reaction chamber being freely suspended in said current of hot gas in said chamber, and continuously subjected to a substantially vertical circulating movement of the granules in said reaction chamber in which, during the ascending part of said movement, said mineral granules are carried by said hot gas current to a point near the top of said chamber where said material is deflected downwardly whereupon, during the descending part of said movement, said mineral granul
  • An apparatus for expanding mineral material in a hot gas comprising a source of hot gas, a discharge pipe through which hot gas from said source is directed vertically upward, said source of hot gas providing a high velocity flow of gas in said discharge pipe so that granular mineral material in said hot gas will be carried upwardly thereby, a reaction chamber having an annular wall diverging upwardly from said discharge pipe, flue means adjacent the top of said reaction chamber to lead the hot gas therefrom, baffle means in said reaction chamber to prevent the mineral material being treated from entering said flue means and to direct upwardly moving mineral particles outwardly and downwardly so that they will descend substantially to said discharge pipe to be again entrained and carried upwardly in said reaction chamber by said upward flow of hot gas, means to introduce a charge of granular mineral material into said reaction chamber, and means to interrupt the flow of hot gas from said source through said discharge pipe whereby a charge of material that has been treated and expanded will be discharged by gravity from said reaction chamber through said discharge pipe.
  • cooling chamber is in the form of a cone with its apex connected to one branch of said duct so that air entering said cooling chamher from said duct will pass upwardly through said treated material, said duct means being arranged to operate as a discharge passage through which cooled treated material is discharged.
  • a device for treating expandable material with hot gas comprising burner means to provide hot gas at a high velocity, a reaction chamber provided with upwardly divergent walls at its lower portion and deflector means adjacent its upper portion to deflect upwardly moving particles radially outwardly of said reaction chamber, first flue means leading the high velocity hot gas to discharge vertically into the bottom of said reaction chamber, second flue means connected to the upper portion of said reaction chamber above said deflector means to carry exhaust gases from said reaction chamber, a material supply chamber, said second flue means being connected to said material supply chamber to pass the gases from said reaction chamber through material in said material supply chamber, valved duct means connecting the lower extremity of said material supply chamber to said reaction chamber whereby a charge of material may be moved by gravity from said material supply chamber to said reaction chamber, a downwardly extending discharge passage connected to said first flue means axially below said reaction chamber, a cooling chamber connected to said discharge passage and positioned to receive material discharged by gravity from said reaction chamber, means to interrupt the flow of hot gas at high velocity whereby a charge
  • a method of treating a granular mineral material in a reaction chamber of a downwardly tapered conical shape having a single aperture at its lower extremity the steps of providing a relatively small diameter upwardly directed jet of hot combustion gas axially upwardly through said aperture at the apex of said conical reaction chamber,

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
US178628A 1961-05-27 1962-03-09 Method of and apparatus for heattreating granular materials in a gas current Expired - Lifetime US3216125A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED36190A DE1199176B (de) 1961-05-27 1961-05-27 Intermittierendes Verfahren zum Herstellen von Blaehton

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3216125A true US3216125A (en) 1965-11-09

Family

ID=7043000

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US178628A Expired - Lifetime US3216125A (en) 1961-05-27 1962-03-09 Method of and apparatus for heattreating granular materials in a gas current

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3216125A (fr)
BE (1) BE618116A (fr)
DE (1) DE1199176B (fr)
GB (1) GB1009449A (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345181A (en) * 1966-01-24 1967-10-03 Hupp Corp Method for roasting coffee beans and similar particulate solids
US3397873A (en) * 1964-11-20 1968-08-20 Bangor Punta Operations Inc Fluid bed furnace and the like
US3752455A (en) * 1969-08-21 1973-08-14 Prerovske Strojirny Np Arrangement for burning of pulverulent and fine grain material
US3818605A (en) * 1970-06-16 1974-06-25 W Glatt Apparatus for producing a fluidized bed and for spraying a fluid upon the whirling particles
US3851406A (en) * 1972-04-24 1974-12-03 Ipran Inst Proiectari Pentru I Fluidized-bed apparatus
US3856463A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-12-24 K Beckenbach Inclined furnace for calcination and sintering of material particularly splint limestone
US3866332A (en) * 1972-06-06 1975-02-18 Crompton & Knowles Corp Fluidized bed dryer
US3898745A (en) * 1972-09-01 1975-08-12 Eric Harald Carlsson Drying apparatus for concentrating solutions
US4023280A (en) * 1976-05-12 1977-05-17 Institute Of Gas Technology Valve for ash agglomeration device
US4146466A (en) * 1975-08-21 1979-03-27 British Leyland Uk Limited Apparatus for use in producing a fluidized bed of granular material
FR2526141A1 (fr) * 1982-04-30 1983-11-04 Electricite De France Procede et installation de chauffage d'un lit fluidise par injection de plasma
US4519777A (en) * 1982-09-08 1985-05-28 Akhtyamov Yakub A Method and apparatus for bloating granular material
WO2009060051A1 (fr) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-14 Sb Plastics Machinery S.R.L. Équipement de traitement de matériaux granulaires, pourvu d'une vanne munie de deux dispositifs d'obturation mobiles indépendamment

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116576674B (zh) * 2023-07-11 2023-09-15 乌海阳光炭素有限公司 电极糊导电粉加工设备

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2105778A (en) * 1937-01-28 1938-01-18 Yorktown Electric Roaster Mfg Automatic roaster
GB516163A (en) * 1938-08-19 1939-12-22 Karl Dienst Improvements in feed and discharge air-lock apparatus for vacuum dryers
US2435927A (en) * 1943-08-07 1948-02-10 Manning Drying and disintegrating of gasborne material
US2538833A (en) * 1947-08-13 1951-01-23 Peter Spence & Sons Ltd Apparatus for drying or calcining materials
US2561394A (en) * 1946-03-16 1951-07-24 Donald E Marshall Method of coating particulate materials
US2602498A (en) * 1948-09-03 1952-07-08 Overton Machine Company Evacuated drum drying machine
US2621034A (en) * 1947-07-01 1952-12-09 Great Lakes Carbon Corp Apparatus for expanding minerals
US2853241A (en) * 1954-02-15 1958-09-23 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Apparatus for production of finely divided materials
FR1170454A (fr) * 1957-03-29 1959-01-15 W Van Den Broek S Machf N V Installation de séchage pour herbe, trèfle et fourrages verts analogues
US3020646A (en) * 1957-12-21 1962-02-13 Bayer Ag Process for drying fillers of silica or silicate
US3028681A (en) * 1958-04-01 1962-04-10 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Apparatus for treating granular materials
US3078588A (en) * 1958-02-20 1963-02-26 Mark Andre Pneumatic driers
US3118658A (en) * 1960-05-25 1964-01-21 Veit Dennert K G Apparatus for manufacturing a porous material such as blown clay, by heating

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE444185C (de) * 1924-01-09 1927-05-17 Carl Naske Selbsttaetiger Schachtofen zum Brennen von Zement u. dgl.
DE454402C (de) * 1925-03-13 1928-01-09 Otto Demisch Ofen zum Brennen von pulverfoermigen Stoffen
AT114147B (de) * 1926-05-17 1929-09-10 Geoffrey Martin Schachtofen zum Rösten, Brennen und Sintern von gepulverten Rohmaterialien.
DE498406C (de) * 1927-10-11 1930-05-22 Arthur Charles Davis Schachtofen zur Herstellung von Zement o. dgl., bei dem der Rohstoff von unten nach oben eingeblasen wird
FR1116019A (fr) * 1954-12-15 1956-05-03 Four à ciment et le procédé de préparation résultant de ses caracteristiques
FR1137417A (fr) * 1955-02-11 1957-05-28 Procédé de séchage et de cuisson, notamment d'argiles, de masses céramiques et de matières premières, dans un four vertical de cuisson, et de leur mise en oeuvre ultérieure
BE554203A (fr) * 1956-01-19
DE1097414B (de) * 1958-06-26 1961-01-19 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Behandeln von koernigen oder stueckigen Feststoffen mit Gasen zum Zweck der Trocknung, Kuehlung, Reinigung, Entgasung oder Begasung

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2105778A (en) * 1937-01-28 1938-01-18 Yorktown Electric Roaster Mfg Automatic roaster
GB516163A (en) * 1938-08-19 1939-12-22 Karl Dienst Improvements in feed and discharge air-lock apparatus for vacuum dryers
US2435927A (en) * 1943-08-07 1948-02-10 Manning Drying and disintegrating of gasborne material
US2561394A (en) * 1946-03-16 1951-07-24 Donald E Marshall Method of coating particulate materials
US2621034A (en) * 1947-07-01 1952-12-09 Great Lakes Carbon Corp Apparatus for expanding minerals
US2538833A (en) * 1947-08-13 1951-01-23 Peter Spence & Sons Ltd Apparatus for drying or calcining materials
US2602498A (en) * 1948-09-03 1952-07-08 Overton Machine Company Evacuated drum drying machine
US2853241A (en) * 1954-02-15 1958-09-23 Int Minerals & Chem Corp Apparatus for production of finely divided materials
FR1170454A (fr) * 1957-03-29 1959-01-15 W Van Den Broek S Machf N V Installation de séchage pour herbe, trèfle et fourrages verts analogues
US3020646A (en) * 1957-12-21 1962-02-13 Bayer Ag Process for drying fillers of silica or silicate
US3078588A (en) * 1958-02-20 1963-02-26 Mark Andre Pneumatic driers
US3028681A (en) * 1958-04-01 1962-04-10 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Apparatus for treating granular materials
US3118658A (en) * 1960-05-25 1964-01-21 Veit Dennert K G Apparatus for manufacturing a porous material such as blown clay, by heating

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3397873A (en) * 1964-11-20 1968-08-20 Bangor Punta Operations Inc Fluid bed furnace and the like
US3345181A (en) * 1966-01-24 1967-10-03 Hupp Corp Method for roasting coffee beans and similar particulate solids
US3752455A (en) * 1969-08-21 1973-08-14 Prerovske Strojirny Np Arrangement for burning of pulverulent and fine grain material
US3818605A (en) * 1970-06-16 1974-06-25 W Glatt Apparatus for producing a fluidized bed and for spraying a fluid upon the whirling particles
US3851406A (en) * 1972-04-24 1974-12-03 Ipran Inst Proiectari Pentru I Fluidized-bed apparatus
US3866332A (en) * 1972-06-06 1975-02-18 Crompton & Knowles Corp Fluidized bed dryer
US3898745A (en) * 1972-09-01 1975-08-12 Eric Harald Carlsson Drying apparatus for concentrating solutions
US3856463A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-12-24 K Beckenbach Inclined furnace for calcination and sintering of material particularly splint limestone
US4146466A (en) * 1975-08-21 1979-03-27 British Leyland Uk Limited Apparatus for use in producing a fluidized bed of granular material
US4023280A (en) * 1976-05-12 1977-05-17 Institute Of Gas Technology Valve for ash agglomeration device
FR2526141A1 (fr) * 1982-04-30 1983-11-04 Electricite De France Procede et installation de chauffage d'un lit fluidise par injection de plasma
EP0093632A1 (fr) * 1982-04-30 1983-11-09 Electricite De France Procédé et installation de chauffage d'un lit fluidisé par injection de plasma, et applications à la synthèse des oxydes d'azote, à la gazéification d'une substance carbonée et à la réduction des minerais
US4519777A (en) * 1982-09-08 1985-05-28 Akhtyamov Yakub A Method and apparatus for bloating granular material
WO2009060051A1 (fr) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-14 Sb Plastics Machinery S.R.L. Équipement de traitement de matériaux granulaires, pourvu d'une vanne munie de deux dispositifs d'obturation mobiles indépendamment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE618116A (fr) 1962-09-17
GB1009449A (en) 1965-11-10
DE1199176B (de) 1965-08-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3216125A (en) Method of and apparatus for heattreating granular materials in a gas current
US2421902A (en) Means of expanding pearlite and like substances
US2586818A (en) Progressive classifying or treating solids in a fluidized bed thereof
US729009A (en) Process of roasting ores.
US2529366A (en) Fluidizing process and mechanism
US2431884A (en) Method of expanding pearlite
US4512736A (en) Apparatus for the expansion of mineral matter, especially perlite and vermiculite
US3452968A (en) Roasting process of fine ore and a device therefor
US2351091A (en) Apparatus for treating solids in fluids
US3140862A (en) Apparatus for the physical and/or chemical treatment of granular solids or fine dusts
US2729301A (en) Cupola waste gas heat exchange and purifying system
US4057908A (en) Method and apparatus for drying damp powder
US5125943A (en) Combined batch and cullet preheater with separation and remixing
US9758419B2 (en) Method and installation for producing hollow microbeads of glass
JP3042850B2 (ja) 原料ミールからセメントクリンカを製造する方法及びその装置
US3118658A (en) Apparatus for manufacturing a porous material such as blown clay, by heating
CN109676081A (zh) 一种焙烧炉
US729008A (en) Ore-roaster.
US4118177A (en) Apparatus and method for calcining or sintering fine-grained material
KR920703195A (ko) 미립자물질의 가열 및 처리방법
US2595574A (en) Solid material heating method and apparatus
US2139378A (en) Vermiculite expansion method
US3136536A (en) Treating finely divided material in suspension
US3010911A (en) Method of and apparatus for heat processing particulate solids
US4450895A (en) Process and apparatus for heating or cooling light solid particles