US3209735A - Piston and cylinder construction for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Piston and cylinder construction for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3209735A
US3209735A US286028A US28602863A US3209735A US 3209735 A US3209735 A US 3209735A US 286028 A US286028 A US 286028A US 28602863 A US28602863 A US 28602863A US 3209735 A US3209735 A US 3209735A
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United States
Prior art keywords
piston
pillar
fuel
internal combustion
recess
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Expired - Lifetime
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US286028A
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Clarke John Stanley
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ZF International UK Ltd
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Lucas Industries Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/24—Pistons  having means for guiding gases in cylinders, e.g. for guiding scavenging charge in two-stroke engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0648—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
    • F02B23/0651—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0672—Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0678—Unconventional, complex or non-rotationally symmetrical shapes of the combustion space, e.g. flower like, having special shapes related to the orientation of the fuel spray jets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B31/00—Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/0621—Squish flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the object of this invention is to provide an internal combustion engine piston and cylinder construction, the piston having a recess with a pillar within it, onto which fuel can be sprayed from a fuel nozzle disposed in a cylinder head at the end of the cylinder adjacent to the piston recess, the pillar having a central recess and a plurality of generally tangentially extending open topped slots, the arrangement being such that the air flow resulting from movement of the piston towards said cylinder head will entrain fuel sprayed from the pillar slots to form a substantially toroidal air-fuel vortex within the recess.
  • FIGURE 1 is a sectional view illustrating sufiicient of one example for an understanding of the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged view of the pillar
  • FIGURES 3 to 5 respectively illustrate possible alternative forms of the slots in the pillar.
  • a piston 11 slidable within a cylinder 12 and having in its inner face a circular and generally toroidal recess 13 of depth approximately equal to the radius thereof.
  • a pillar 14 which is formed integrally with the piston and extends axially towards the cylinder head 15 for about half the axial depth of the recess.
  • a fuel nozzle 16 for directing fuel in an unatomised condition onto the top of the pillar.
  • the head 15 further incorporates a gas inlet 17 and outlet 18, and associated valves 19, 21.
  • the arrangement is such that as the piston 11 moves towards the cylinder head, unatomised fuel is directed onto the pillar 14 and is thus sprayed into the recess in an atomised condition. Simultaneously, air is forced from the region between the upper annular face of the piston 11 and the cylinder head 15 into the recess, this air entraining the fuel and forming a fuel-air vortex which is of substantially toroidal form and circulates substantially within the recess.
  • FIGURE 2 the form of the pillar is illustrated, the fuel being directed onto a central portion 22 of the pillar and is directed into the air stream through slots 23 in the pillar.
  • the slots 23 are generally tangential 3,209,735 Patented Oct. 5, 1965 with parallel sides, but their sides may diverge from the portion 22.
  • these slots are formed with interrupted surfaces, and three possible forms of such surfaces are shown in FIGURES 3 to S. It is found that these interrupted surfaces act to atomise the fuel more effectively.
  • An internal combustion engine construction comprising a cylinder, a piston slidably mounted in the cylinder, a cylinder head closing one end of the cylinder, 2. fuel nozzle in the cylinder head for directing unatomized fuel onto the adjacent end of the piston, the piston having defined therein, in said adjacent end, a recess, a pillar within said recess and extending over part of the depth of the recess, said pillar being disposed to receive on its end, fuel from said fuel nozzle, said end of the pillar being formed with a central depression and with a plurality of angularly spaced open-topped slots extending generally tangentially with respect to said central depression, to the edge of said pillar.
  • a piston for an internal combustion engine having at one end a central recess, a pillar formed integrally with the piston and extending within the recess from the centre thereof over part of the depth thereof, the pillar having a central depression and also having a plurality of open-topped slots extending generally tangentially with respect to the depression, to the edge of said pillar.
  • a piston according to claim 2 in which the surfaces of the generally tangential slots are interrupted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Oct. 5, 1965 J. 5. CLARKE 3,209,735
PISTON AND CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed June 6, 1963 United States Patent "ice 3,209,735 PISTON AND CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES John Stanley Clarke, Edgbaston, Birmingham, England,
assignor to Joseph Lucas (Industries) Limited, Birmingham, England Filed June 6, 1963, Ser. No. 286,028 Claims priority, application Great Britain, June 12, 1962, 22,47 6/ 62 3 Claims. (Cl. 123-32) The object of this invention is to provide an internal combustion engine piston and cylinder construction, the piston having a recess with a pillar within it, onto which fuel can be sprayed from a fuel nozzle disposed in a cylinder head at the end of the cylinder adjacent to the piston recess, the pillar having a central recess and a plurality of generally tangentially extending open topped slots, the arrangement being such that the air flow resulting from movement of the piston towards said cylinder head will entrain fuel sprayed from the pillar slots to form a substantially toroidal air-fuel vortex within the recess.
In the accompanying drawings, FIGURE 1 is a sectional view illustrating sufiicient of one example for an understanding of the invention, FIGURE 2 is an enlarged view of the pillar, and FIGURES 3 to 5 respectively illustrate possible alternative forms of the slots in the pillar.
Referring to FIGURE 1, there is provided a piston 11 slidable within a cylinder 12 and having in its inner face a circular and generally toroidal recess 13 of depth approximately equal to the radius thereof. At the central point of the base of the recess is a pillar 14 which is formed integrally with the piston and extends axially towards the cylinder head 15 for about half the axial depth of the recess. Moreover, in the cylinder head and and axially aligned with the pillar is a fuel nozzle 16 for directing fuel in an unatomised condition onto the top of the pillar. The head 15 further incorporates a gas inlet 17 and outlet 18, and associated valves 19, 21.
The arrangement is such that as the piston 11 moves towards the cylinder head, unatomised fuel is directed onto the pillar 14 and is thus sprayed into the recess in an atomised condition. Simultaneously, air is forced from the region between the upper annular face of the piston 11 and the cylinder head 15 into the recess, this air entraining the fuel and forming a fuel-air vortex which is of substantially toroidal form and circulates substantially within the recess.
In FIGURE 2, the form of the pillar is illustrated, the fuel being directed onto a central portion 22 of the pillar and is directed into the air stream through slots 23 in the pillar. As shown the slots 23 are generally tangential 3,209,735 Patented Oct. 5, 1965 with parallel sides, but their sides may diverge from the portion 22.
Preferably, these slots are formed with interrupted surfaces, and three possible forms of such surfaces are shown in FIGURES 3 to S. It is found that these interrupted surfaces act to atomise the fuel more effectively.
With constructions as described above there is a more effective intermixing between the fuel and air than with conventional constructions in which fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. Moreover, since fuel is atomised by impingement against the pillar, the nozzle size can be increased as compared with conventional systems, so that nozzle calibrations Will be less sensitive.
Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. An internal combustion engine construction comprising a cylinder, a piston slidably mounted in the cylinder, a cylinder head closing one end of the cylinder, 2. fuel nozzle in the cylinder head for directing unatomized fuel onto the adjacent end of the piston, the piston having defined therein, in said adjacent end, a recess, a pillar within said recess and extending over part of the depth of the recess, said pillar being disposed to receive on its end, fuel from said fuel nozzle, said end of the pillar being formed with a central depression and with a plurality of angularly spaced open-topped slots extending generally tangentially with respect to said central depression, to the edge of said pillar.
2. A piston for an internal combustion engine and having at one end a central recess, a pillar formed integrally with the piston and extending within the recess from the centre thereof over part of the depth thereof, the pillar having a central depression and also having a plurality of open-topped slots extending generally tangentially with respect to the depression, to the edge of said pillar.
3. A piston according to claim 2 in which the surfaces of the generally tangential slots are interrupted.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,662,510 12/53 French 123-322 2,775,493 12/56 Cheney 123-322 2,855,906 10/58 Galli 123-322 FOREIGN PATENTS 475,179 2/ 36 Great Britain.
OTHER REFERENCES Automotive Industries, page 38, Oct. 15, 1952. MARK NEWMAN, Primary Examiner. RICHARD B. WILKINSON, Examiner.
US286028A 1962-06-12 1963-06-06 Piston and cylinder construction for internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3209735A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB22476/62A GB1012339A (en) 1962-06-12 1962-06-12 Piston and cylinder construction for internal combustion engines

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3331201A (en) * 1965-09-01 1967-07-18 Joel B Guin Exhaust purifying system
DE3327998A1 (en) * 1983-08-03 1985-02-14 Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg Diesel internal combustion engine with air-distributing direct fuel injection
US4562807A (en) * 1983-05-04 1986-01-07 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Direct injection type internal combustion engine
US4770138A (en) * 1986-06-19 1988-09-13 Nippon Clen Engine Research Institute Co. Ltd. Fuel injection type internal combustion engine
DE19631600C1 (en) * 1996-08-05 1997-10-23 Audi Ag Piston for air-compressing stroke piston internal combustion engine
WO2000019080A1 (en) * 1998-09-25 2000-04-06 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh Piston for a piston internal combustion engine
US8528514B1 (en) * 2012-08-07 2013-09-10 New Age Technology LLC Piston for reciprocating engines
US20160298529A1 (en) * 2015-04-13 2016-10-13 Caterpillar Inc. Ducted Combustion Systems Utilizing Duct Structures
US9506439B2 (en) 2015-04-13 2016-11-29 Caterpillar Inc. Ducted combustion systems utilizing adjustable length ducts
US9587606B2 (en) 2015-04-13 2017-03-07 Caterpillar Inc. Ducted combustion systems utilizing tubular ducts
US20170107935A1 (en) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Direct-injection internal combustion engine with piston, and method for producing a piston of an internal combustion engine of said type

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5441844Y2 (en) * 1975-01-31 1979-12-06
JPS6012889Y2 (en) * 1975-10-23 1985-04-25 ヤンマーディーゼル株式会社 Direct injection combustion chamber of internal combustion engine
JPS578314A (en) * 1980-06-16 1982-01-16 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Fuel injection method and combustion chamber of direct injection diesel engine
JPS62240419A (en) * 1986-04-11 1987-10-21 Nippon Clean Engine Lab Co Ltd Direct injection type diesel engine and combustion method for the engine

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB475179A (en) * 1935-02-09 1937-11-12 Alfred Buechi Improvements in or relating to the combustion chambers of four stroke cycle internal combustion engines
US2662510A (en) * 1950-12-18 1953-12-15 Louis O French Compression ignition internal-combustion engine
US2775493A (en) * 1953-11-27 1956-12-25 Gillett & Eaton Inc Piston with head insert and process of making it
US2855906A (en) * 1954-04-16 1958-10-14 Galli Ercole Turbulence generating device for internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB475179A (en) * 1935-02-09 1937-11-12 Alfred Buechi Improvements in or relating to the combustion chambers of four stroke cycle internal combustion engines
US2662510A (en) * 1950-12-18 1953-12-15 Louis O French Compression ignition internal-combustion engine
US2775493A (en) * 1953-11-27 1956-12-25 Gillett & Eaton Inc Piston with head insert and process of making it
US2855906A (en) * 1954-04-16 1958-10-14 Galli Ercole Turbulence generating device for internal combustion engines

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3331201A (en) * 1965-09-01 1967-07-18 Joel B Guin Exhaust purifying system
US4562807A (en) * 1983-05-04 1986-01-07 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Direct injection type internal combustion engine
DE3327998A1 (en) * 1983-08-03 1985-02-14 Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg Diesel internal combustion engine with air-distributing direct fuel injection
US4770138A (en) * 1986-06-19 1988-09-13 Nippon Clen Engine Research Institute Co. Ltd. Fuel injection type internal combustion engine
DE19631600C1 (en) * 1996-08-05 1997-10-23 Audi Ag Piston for air-compressing stroke piston internal combustion engine
WO2000019080A1 (en) * 1998-09-25 2000-04-06 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh Piston for a piston internal combustion engine
US8528514B1 (en) * 2012-08-07 2013-09-10 New Age Technology LLC Piston for reciprocating engines
US20160298529A1 (en) * 2015-04-13 2016-10-13 Caterpillar Inc. Ducted Combustion Systems Utilizing Duct Structures
US9506439B2 (en) 2015-04-13 2016-11-29 Caterpillar Inc. Ducted combustion systems utilizing adjustable length ducts
US9587606B2 (en) 2015-04-13 2017-03-07 Caterpillar Inc. Ducted combustion systems utilizing tubular ducts
US9803538B2 (en) * 2015-04-13 2017-10-31 Caterpillar Inc. Ducted combustion systems utilizing duct structures
US20170107935A1 (en) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Direct-injection internal combustion engine with piston, and method for producing a piston of an internal combustion engine of said type
US10436147B2 (en) * 2015-10-14 2019-10-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Direct-injection internal combustion engine with piston, and method for producing a piston of an internal combustion engine of said type

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GB1012339A (en) 1965-12-08

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