US3200877A - Packing units for heat exchangers operating at extremely low temperatures - Google Patents
Packing units for heat exchangers operating at extremely low temperatures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3200877A US3200877A US299613A US29961363A US3200877A US 3200877 A US3200877 A US 3200877A US 299613 A US299613 A US 299613A US 29961363 A US29961363 A US 29961363A US 3200877 A US3200877 A US 3200877A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- packing units
- low temperatures
- heat exchangers
- extremely low
- packing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
- F28D17/02—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/30—Loose or shaped packing elements, e.g. Raschig rings or Berl saddles, for pouring into the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
- B01J2219/302—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/30238—Tetrahedron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
- B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
- B01J2219/30408—Metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
- B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
- B01J2219/30416—Ceramic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/009—Heat exchange having a solid heat storage mass for absorbing heat from one fluid and releasing it to another, i.e. regenerator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/72—Packing elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/902—Apparatus
- Y10S62/905—Column
- Y10S62/906—Packing
Description
Aug. 17, 1965 w. LEHMER ETAL 3,200,877
PACKING UNITS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS OPERATING A'I EXTREMELY LOW TEMPERATURES Original Filed Dec. 10, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet -1 Fig.3
1965 w. LEHMER ETAL 3,20
PACKING RSREgERATING AT UNITS F0 EAT EXCHANGE EXTREME LOW TEMPERAT 1958 Original Filed Dec. 10, 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 gwuwwtoag United States Patent 1 Claim. (a. 165-4) This application is a continuation of our application Serial No. 779,484, filed December 10, 1953, and which issued December 8, 1964 as Patent No. 3,159,910.
T hi invention relates to packing units or filling bodies, and is concerned with packing units of a special form for heat-exchangers, which packing units have substantially convex limiting surf-aces.
The chanacteristic feature of the packing units of the present invention is that they occur in a tetrahedral or octahedral or pillow-like form. Each of these three forms, which deviate from the Well-known spherical form, provides a larger surface area than can be secured, with uniform packing, with spherical packing units. These three forms have proved particularly successful for the fillings 0f regenerators in refrigerating plants, e.g., in gas separating plants, not only because of the better packing feature just noted but also because they are conducive to an optimum heat transfer.
It heretofore had been proposed to produce such packing units as hollow bodies, the same being formed from sheets or plates of aluminum.
The present development of the inventive idea concerns mainly the problem of designing packing units for heat exchangers and regenerators, respectively, to be operated at relatively low temperatures, and particularly apparatus which is to be operated at temperatures between the liquefaction-temperatures of nitrogen and hydrogen. In particular, it is intended to use the packing units for cooling (liquefying) and simultaneously for purifying hydrogen in regenerators.
According to the invention the heat-exchanger packing units of a tetrahedral-, octahedral or pillow-like form, having substantially only convex surfaces but deviating from the spherical form, are designed as solid packing units of lead, or ceramic material.
Packing units, produced in the above forms, from lead have not only the above-stated advantages but also the further advantage that they are particularly easy to manufracture. in making the units a cylindrical piece-e.g., bar-0f the starting material is subjected to compression cuts which squeeze (or, pineh) oft successive portions of the cylinder. When successive compression zones lie in the same plane, pillow-like pieces are squeezed oil. In
ice
the alternative, the compression zones may be turned toward each other alternatively by in which event the squeezed-oil pieces are in tetrahedral form. If in doing so every other compression zone fails completely to sever the shaped piece, the resulting shaped pieces are octahedral or twin-tetrahedra in shape. The cylindrical bar of starting material, i.e., lead, is preferably between 5 mm. and 25 mm. in diameter.
The packing units are produced by squeezing the various pieces from the lead bar or from a bar of ceramic material.
The invention will now be described With reference to the accompanying drawing, in which 4 FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are views of leaden packing units embodying the principles of the invention; and
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of a part of a hydrogen-liquefying plant, including heat exchangers containing fillings of the packing units of the present invention.
The packings are formed from sections of rods or columns and consist preferably of lead. The lead rods are squeezed oil into short sections. During the squeezing oft operation the lead will be deformed to produce the parallel edges 5 and 6 for each section squeezed o'tl. As shown in FIG. 1 a pillow-shaped form will be produced having curved outer surfaces, four corners ll, 2, 3 and 4', and two sharp edges 5 and 6. Other packing units in accordance with the present invention may be squeezed oil by suitable compression cuts turned alternately by 90.
FIGURE 4 diagrammatically illustrates a heat-exchanger vessel (regenerator) of conventional form. A regenerator filling 9, consisting of packing units proposed by the invention, is placed between sieve plantes 801 located adjacent the ends of the vessel. The upper and lower end caps of the vessel are provided with an intake nozzle Ella and an outlet nozzle 1% respectively, or vice versa, depending on the direction of flow of the heatexchanging media.
The general procedure for making these shapes is disclosed in our US. Patent No. 3,159,910.
We claim:
A heat exchanger operating at low temperatures of the order of liquefaction temperature of nitrogen, said heat exchanger consisting essentially of a vessel having an inlet and an outlet and containing a filling of packing units having substantially convex surfaces, there being an even number of limiting surfaces and edges, selected from the group consisting of two and four limiting surfaces and four edges respectively, said packing units being solid bodies composed of a heat exchange material selected from the group consisting of lead and ceramic material.
References tilted by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,212,932 8/40 Fairlie s 26l94 CHARLES SUKALO, Primary Examiner.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEG23553A DE1063189B (en) | 1957-12-12 | 1957-12-12 | Filler for regenerative heat exchangers |
GB39989/58A GB900953A (en) | 1958-12-11 | 1958-12-11 | Improvements in or relating to packing elements for regenerative heat exchangers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3200877A true US3200877A (en) | 1965-08-17 |
Family
ID=33300694
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US299613A Expired - Lifetime US3200877A (en) | 1957-12-12 | 1963-08-02 | Packing units for heat exchangers operating at extremely low temperatures |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3200877A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3304999A (en) * | 1963-12-05 | 1967-02-21 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Regenerator packing |
US3367406A (en) * | 1964-08-20 | 1968-02-06 | Philips Corp | Helical wound strip regenerator |
US3489208A (en) * | 1965-10-06 | 1970-01-13 | Degussa | Reaction column |
US4014962A (en) * | 1972-03-23 | 1977-03-29 | Del Notario Pedro Perez | Heat and/or mass exchanger operating by direct contact between a liquid and a gas |
US4067936A (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1978-01-10 | Mass Transfer Limited | Fluid-fluid contact apparatus |
US4114600A (en) * | 1976-10-06 | 1978-09-19 | Solation Products, Inc. | Thermal storage and heat transfer system and method |
US4221259A (en) * | 1979-01-03 | 1980-09-09 | Elf Union | Process for storing calories |
EP2716363A1 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-04-09 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Optimized catalyst shape for steam methane reforming processes |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2212932A (en) * | 1938-10-28 | 1940-08-27 | Fairlie Andrew Miller | Filling material for reaction spaces |
-
1963
- 1963-08-02 US US299613A patent/US3200877A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2212932A (en) * | 1938-10-28 | 1940-08-27 | Fairlie Andrew Miller | Filling material for reaction spaces |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3304999A (en) * | 1963-12-05 | 1967-02-21 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Regenerator packing |
US3367406A (en) * | 1964-08-20 | 1968-02-06 | Philips Corp | Helical wound strip regenerator |
US3489208A (en) * | 1965-10-06 | 1970-01-13 | Degussa | Reaction column |
US4067936A (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1978-01-10 | Mass Transfer Limited | Fluid-fluid contact apparatus |
US4014962A (en) * | 1972-03-23 | 1977-03-29 | Del Notario Pedro Perez | Heat and/or mass exchanger operating by direct contact between a liquid and a gas |
US4114600A (en) * | 1976-10-06 | 1978-09-19 | Solation Products, Inc. | Thermal storage and heat transfer system and method |
US4221259A (en) * | 1979-01-03 | 1980-09-09 | Elf Union | Process for storing calories |
EP2716363A1 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-04-09 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Optimized catalyst shape for steam methane reforming processes |
WO2014053553A1 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-04-10 | L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Optimized catalyst shape for steam methane reforming processes |
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