US3159910A - Packing units for heat exchangers operating at extremely low temperatures - Google Patents

Packing units for heat exchangers operating at extremely low temperatures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3159910A
US3159910A US779484A US77948458A US3159910A US 3159910 A US3159910 A US 3159910A US 779484 A US779484 A US 779484A US 77948458 A US77948458 A US 77948458A US 3159910 A US3159910 A US 3159910A
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Prior art keywords
packing units
heat exchangers
low temperatures
extremely low
exchangers operating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US779484A
Inventor
Lehmer Wilhelm
Rein Albert
Weishaupt Josef
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Linde GmbH
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Gesellschaft fuer Lindes Eismaschinen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/30—Loose or shaped packing elements, e.g. Raschig rings or Berl saddles, for pouring into the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D17/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles
    • F28D17/02—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which a stationary intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is contacted successively by each heat-exchange medium, e.g. using granular particles using rigid bodies, e.g. of porous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/302—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/30238—Tetrahedron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/30408—Metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/72—Packing elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789—Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y10T29/49798—Dividing sequentially from leading end, e.g., by cutting or breaking

Definitions

  • the invention concerns packing units of a special form, particularly for heatand cold exchangers, With substantially convex limiting surfaces, whose characteristic feature consists in that they have a tetrahedral, octahedral or pillow-like form, deviating from the known spherical form, by which a larger surface can be obtained, with uniform filling, than by the spherical form.
  • This form has proved particularly successful for regenerators in refrigerating plants, for example, in gas decomposing plants, because these packings have a better packing than the spheres and, on the other hand, permit an optimum heat transfer.
  • the various pieces of the cylindrical starting material can be separated into said pieces by squeezing (or pinching) off successive portions of the cylinder.
  • the successive compression zones may lie in the same plane-in which event pillow-like pieces are squeezed oif---or the compression zones may if desired be turned with respect to each other alternately by 90, in which case the tetrahedral piece of FIG. 2 is formed.
  • the present development of the inventive idea concerns mainly the problem of designing packing units for heat exchangers and regenerators, respectively, to be operated at relatively low temperatures, and particularly apparatus which is to be operated at temperatures between the liquefaction temperatures of nitrogen and hydrogen.
  • it is intended to use the packing units for cooling and simultaneously for purifying hydrogen gas in regenerators.
  • the heat-exchanger packing units of a tetrahedral-, octahedral or pillow-like form, having substantially only convex surfaces but deviating from the spherical form are designed as solid packing units of ceramic material or heavy metal.
  • the packing units according to the invention are made of lead.
  • the packing units are preferably produced by squeezing the various pieces from a bar of the material to be processed, particularly a lead bar.
  • the diameter of the circular cylindrical bar of the starting material, e.g., lead, is preferably between 5 and 25 mm.
  • FIGS. 1, and 2 are views of leaden packing units embodying the principles of the invention.
  • the packings are formed from sections of rods or colums and consist preferably of lead.
  • the lead rods are squeezed off into short sections.
  • the lead will be deformed to produce the parallel edges 5 and 6 for each section squeezing off.
  • FIG. 1 a pillow-shaped form will be produced having curved outer surfaces, four corners 1, 2, 3 and 4, and two sharp edges 5 and 6.
  • FIG. 2 shows the tetrahedral form, in which 7 and 8 are sharp edges arranged at to each other, and edges 9, 10, 11 and 12 are rounded.
  • Other packing units in accordance with the present invention may be squeezed off by suitable compression cuts turned alternately by 90".

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Dec. 8, 1964 w. LEHMER ETAL 3,159,910
PACKING UNITS F OR HEAT EXCHANGERS OPERATING AT EXTREMELY LOW TEMPERATURES Filed Dec. 10, 1958 INVENTORJ' WILHELM LEHMER ALBERT REIN JOSEF WEISHAUPT i f M ATTORNEYS United States Patent Office Patented Dec. 8, 1964 3,159,910 PACKING UNITS FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS OPER- ATING AT EXTREMELY LOW TEMPERATURES Wilhelm Lehmer, Munich, Albert Rein, Augsburg-Westheim, and Josef Weishaupt, Pullach, Germany, assignors to Gesellschaft fur Lindes Eismaschinen Alrtiengesellschaft, Munich, Germany, a company of Germany Filed Dec. 10, 1958, S'er. No. 779,484 Claims priority, application Germany Dec. 12, 1957 1 Claim. (Cl. 29-417) The invention concerns packing units of a special form, particularly for heatand cold exchangers, With substantially convex limiting surfaces, whose characteristic feature consists in that they have a tetrahedral, octahedral or pillow-like form, deviating from the known spherical form, by which a larger surface can be obtained, with uniform filling, than by the spherical form. This form has proved particularly successful for regenerators in refrigerating plants, for example, in gas decomposing plants, because these packings have a better packing than the spheres and, on the other hand, permit an optimum heat transfer. In addition, they have the further advantage that they are easy to manufacture, which can be eiiected in a very simple way, viz, the various pieces of the cylindrical starting material can be separated into said pieces by squeezing (or pinching) off successive portions of the cylinder. In severing such portions, the successive compression zones may lie in the same plane-in which event pillow-like pieces are squeezed oif--or the compression zones may if desired be turned with respect to each other alternately by 90, in which case the tetrahedral piece of FIG. 2 is formed.
It heretofore had been proposed to produce the packing units as hollow bodies from aluminum plate.
The present development of the inventive idea concerns mainly the problem of designing packing units for heat exchangers and regenerators, respectively, to be operated at relatively low temperatures, and particularly apparatus which is to be operated at temperatures between the liquefaction temperatures of nitrogen and hydrogen. In particular, it is intended to use the packing units for cooling and simultaneously for purifying hydrogen gas in regenerators.
According to the invention the heat-exchanger packing units of a tetrahedral-, octahedral or pillow-like form, having substantially only convex surfaces but deviating from the spherical form, are designed as solid packing units of ceramic material or heavy metal. Preferably the packing units according to the invention are made of lead.
The packing units are preferably produced by squeezing the various pieces from a bar of the material to be processed, particularly a lead bar. The diameter of the circular cylindrical bar of the starting material, e.g., lead, is preferably between 5 and 25 mm.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which FIGS. 1, and 2 are views of leaden packing units embodying the principles of the invention.
The packings are formed from sections of rods or colums and consist preferably of lead. The lead rods are squeezed off into short sections. During the squeezing 01f operation the lead will be deformed to produce the parallel edges 5 and 6 for each section squeezing off. As shown in FIG. 1 a pillow-shaped form will be produced having curved outer surfaces, four corners 1, 2, 3 and 4, and two sharp edges 5 and 6. FIG. 2 shows the tetrahedral form, in which 7 and 8 are sharp edges arranged at to each other, and edges 9, 10, 11 and 12 are rounded. Other packing units in accordance with the present invention may be squeezed off by suitable compression cuts turned alternately by 90".
We claim:
Process for the production of packing units having substantially convex limiting surfaces and tetrahedral form for regenerators operating at temperatures between the liquefaction temperatures of nitrogen and hydrogen, which comprises squeezing oif said packing units as sections from a cylindrical bar of lead as starting material by successive compression cuts the second being taken 90 with respect to the first but spaced along the bar axially, thereby forming said sections of tetrahedral form with substantially convex limiting surfaces being turned toward each other alternately by 90 References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 22,696 Frischer Nov. 27, 1945 409,747 Hasting Aug. 27, 1889 628,541 Kester July 11, 1899 1,997,871 Miller et al Apr. 16, 1935 2,299,143 Hellwig Oct. 20, 1942 2,413,179 Grandmont et al Dec. 24, 1946 2,539,372 vMetzler Jan. 23, 1951 2,624,556 Kistler Ian. 6, 1953 2,631,921 ODe'll Mar. 17, 1953 2,712,169 Buttress July 5, 1955 2,760,259 Troendly Aug. 28, 1956 3,015,153 Liebe Jan. 2, 1962 3,062,509 Muller Nov. 6, 1962 FOREIGN PATENTS 360,507 Great Britain Nov. 12, 1931 420,906 Italy May 9, 1947 459,544 Germany May 4, 1928 591,820 Germany Jan. 27, 1934 711,684 Great Britain July 7, 1954 OTHER REFERENCES Metal work, Technology and Practice, 0. A. Ludwig, McKnight & McKnight, Bloomington, Illinois, 1943,
pages 285-6. Copy in Group 330.
US779484A 1957-12-12 1958-12-10 Packing units for heat exchangers operating at extremely low temperatures Expired - Lifetime US3159910A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3365180A (en) * 1966-01-10 1968-01-23 Bernard J. Lerner Tower packing elements
FR2490801A1 (en) * 1980-09-19 1982-03-26 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C HEAT TRANSMITTERS FOR REGENERATION HEAT EXCHANGE
WO2003035246A1 (en) * 2001-10-25 2003-05-01 Fluid Technologies (Environmental) Limited Packing element

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US409747A (en) * 1889-08-27 Metal-rolls
US628541A (en) * 1898-11-04 1899-07-11 Jesse F Kester Self-fluxing solder.
DE459544C (en) * 1928-05-04 Fried Krupp Akt Ges Process for the production of rings from strip-shaped material
GB360507A (en) * 1930-08-14 1931-11-12 Albert Reichenbach Method of producing pocket clips, especially for fountain pens
DE591820C (en) * 1932-08-20 1934-01-27 Adolf Ergang Filler for washing towers
US1997871A (en) * 1930-12-03 1935-04-16 George C Miller Method of forming clevises
US2299143A (en) * 1941-06-14 1942-10-20 Hellwig Harold Pipe connection
USRE22696E (en) * 1944-04-15 1945-11-27 Loosely dumped foiling body
US2413179A (en) * 1943-09-20 1946-12-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Radiator
US2539372A (en) * 1949-09-07 1951-01-23 Armstrong Cork Co Method of severing tubes of resilient material
US2624556A (en) * 1950-12-02 1953-01-06 Norton Co Heat exchange pebble
US2631921A (en) * 1946-08-10 1953-03-17 Standard Oil Dev Co Contacting fluid and solids
GB711684A (en) * 1951-09-14 1954-07-07 Knapsack Griesheim Ag Fur Stic Improvements in filling bodies for reaction and washing towers
US2712169A (en) * 1951-08-03 1955-07-05 George A Buttress Machine for severing a ribbon of plasterboard to form plasterboard panels and finishing the ends of the panels
US2760259A (en) * 1950-02-02 1956-08-28 Borg Warner Method of making sprags
US3015153A (en) * 1955-09-08 1962-01-02 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Method of making a heat regenerator
US3062509A (en) * 1953-02-12 1962-11-06 Philips Corp Heat regenerator

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US409747A (en) * 1889-08-27 Metal-rolls
DE459544C (en) * 1928-05-04 Fried Krupp Akt Ges Process for the production of rings from strip-shaped material
US628541A (en) * 1898-11-04 1899-07-11 Jesse F Kester Self-fluxing solder.
GB360507A (en) * 1930-08-14 1931-11-12 Albert Reichenbach Method of producing pocket clips, especially for fountain pens
US1997871A (en) * 1930-12-03 1935-04-16 George C Miller Method of forming clevises
DE591820C (en) * 1932-08-20 1934-01-27 Adolf Ergang Filler for washing towers
US2299143A (en) * 1941-06-14 1942-10-20 Hellwig Harold Pipe connection
US2413179A (en) * 1943-09-20 1946-12-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Radiator
USRE22696E (en) * 1944-04-15 1945-11-27 Loosely dumped foiling body
US2631921A (en) * 1946-08-10 1953-03-17 Standard Oil Dev Co Contacting fluid and solids
US2539372A (en) * 1949-09-07 1951-01-23 Armstrong Cork Co Method of severing tubes of resilient material
US2760259A (en) * 1950-02-02 1956-08-28 Borg Warner Method of making sprags
US2624556A (en) * 1950-12-02 1953-01-06 Norton Co Heat exchange pebble
US2712169A (en) * 1951-08-03 1955-07-05 George A Buttress Machine for severing a ribbon of plasterboard to form plasterboard panels and finishing the ends of the panels
GB711684A (en) * 1951-09-14 1954-07-07 Knapsack Griesheim Ag Fur Stic Improvements in filling bodies for reaction and washing towers
US3062509A (en) * 1953-02-12 1962-11-06 Philips Corp Heat regenerator
US3015153A (en) * 1955-09-08 1962-01-02 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Method of making a heat regenerator

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3365180A (en) * 1966-01-10 1968-01-23 Bernard J. Lerner Tower packing elements
FR2490801A1 (en) * 1980-09-19 1982-03-26 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C HEAT TRANSMITTERS FOR REGENERATION HEAT EXCHANGE
WO2003035246A1 (en) * 2001-10-25 2003-05-01 Fluid Technologies (Environmental) Limited Packing element
US20050258557A1 (en) * 2001-10-25 2005-11-24 Davis Howard P Packing element
US7364707B2 (en) 2001-10-25 2008-04-29 Fluid Technologies (Environmental) Limited Packing element comprising at least one recessed portion of specific volume and method of using thereof

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