US3196792A - Explosive charges used in petroleum boreholes - Google Patents

Explosive charges used in petroleum boreholes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3196792A
US3196792A US227381A US22738162A US3196792A US 3196792 A US3196792 A US 3196792A US 227381 A US227381 A US 227381A US 22738162 A US22738162 A US 22738162A US 3196792 A US3196792 A US 3196792A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cap
casing
explosive
sintered
compressed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US227381A
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English (en)
Inventor
Charrin Denis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Services Petroliers Schlumberger SA
Original Assignee
Societe de Prospection Electrique Schlumberger SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe de Prospection Electrique Schlumberger SA filed Critical Societe de Prospection Electrique Schlumberger SA
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Publication of US3196792A publication Critical patent/US3196792A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/28—Cartridge cases characterised by the material used, e.g. coatings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/08—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive with cavities in the charge, e.g. hollow-charge blasting cartridges

Definitions

  • casings of a compact metal such as aluminum or lead, which satisfy fully the conditions, 1 and 2 above.
  • This type of casing leads to production of very large splinters.
  • explosive charges of the shaped charge type are sometimes sunk into the boreholes positioned inside fluid tight sleeves, and in such a case, it has already been proposed to make the casing of the charges by means of compressed and sintered metal powder.
  • sintering consists in keeping the part made of compressed metal powder at a temperature approximating two-thirds of the absolute melting temperature of the metal used, inside a generally reducing atmosphere for a few minutes.
  • the object of the invention consists in constructing fluid tight explosive charges having casings and caps which associate the properties of confinement and brittleness of sintered parts with the mechanical grade desired.
  • Apparatus in accordance with the present invention includes a cake of explosive material and a primer contained inside a casing closed by a cap, the casing and cap being made of a compressed and sintered metal powder of which the main component is iron.
  • This embodiment of the invention is characterized by the fact that the casing and cap have been subjected to at least one thermochemical treatment through the diiiusion of gases. The treatments are defined by the fact that they improve the mechanical properties of the sintered material while they retain also the brittleness with reference to a shock wave, which brittleness is inherent to said sintered material.
  • an explosive charge is characterized by the fact that the casing and the cap are made of compressed and sintered iron powder which has been subjected depthwise to oxidation in a furnace at 500 C. for about one hour. According to a further feature of the first embodiment, the casing and the cap of such a charge are thenafter impregnated with plastic material.
  • the casing and cap are placed in a furnace at 1,040 C. for about one hour in an atmosphere of hydrogen.
  • the thickness of the cap should be chosen lower than that of the casing.
  • the casing and the cap are thenafter impregnated with plastic material.
  • the ferrite granules are reduced and the iron granules produced from large crystals giving the casing and the cap a high mechanical behavior which allows sinking the charges down to depths as which pressures on the order of 700 kg. per sq. cm. prevail.
  • the cap is given a thickness which is lower than that of the casing.
  • the casing and cap after oxidation and reduction of the casing and cap originally composed of compressed and sintered pulverulent iron, the casing and cap are placed in a furnace at 900 C. for about one hour in the presence of a gas containing a large proportion of carbon after which they are allowed to cool slowly.
  • the thickness of the cap may be smaller than that of the casing and the casing and the cap may be impregnated with plastic material after the thermochemcial treatments.
  • a result of this treatment in the presence of carbon is a deep case-hardening of the iron granules.
  • These iron granules are transformed into steel granules so as to give the casing and the cap a mechanical behavior which is hardly inferior to that of parts made of a compact metal and to allow sinking the explosive charges thus obtained into boreholes at considerable depths where pressures of a magnitude of 1,200 kg. per sq. cm. prevail.
  • the treatments to which the cap is subjected are diiferent from those applied to the casing. Due to this difference the cap, though of the same thickness as the casing and while retaining a mechanical resistance which approximates that of the casing, shows a brittleness with reference to a shock wave which is higher than the brittleness shown by the casing.
  • an explosive charge having a casing made of compressed and sintered pulverulent iron shows local reductions in thickness in certain areas.
  • This embodiment of the invention is characterized by the fact that after oxidation in a furnace, these areas are impregnated with copper in an atmosphere of hydrogen inside a kiln at 1,040 C. for
  • the casing and the cap are impregnated with plastic material.
  • the following table provides the results of comparative tests conducted on samples of explosive charges in which the casing and the cap of compressed and sintered iron powder have been subjected to identical thermochemical treatments.
  • the tests include, on the one hand, a rise in pressure until a breaking of the walls of the casing of the sample is obtained and, on the other hand, the explosion of typical charges and the checking of the broken fragments.
  • Two thicknesses of caps have been tested: a thickness similar to that of the casing (thick cap) and a thickness smaller than that of the casing (thin cap).
  • Treatment B and case- 1,200 Thick cap 4 splinters of 20 hardening in an atmosgr.; majority of the phere of carbon monoxide broken fragments, 1 gr. to for one hour at 900 C. folpowder; thin cap, homolowed by a slow cooling. geneous, 1 gr.
  • the figure shows in true size a casing 1 weighing about 225 gr.
  • Casing 1 is originally made of compressed and sintered pulverulent iron (purity: 98%) which has been subjected to treatment C.
  • the casing is closed by a cap 2 weighing about gr. also composed of compressed and sintered iron powder but which has been subjected to treatment B.
  • the shape of the cap approximates that of a half-sphere and its thickness is similar to that of the casing.
  • To the rear of the casing 1 there is provided a groove 3 occupied during the firing by a detonating blasting cord 4.
  • the area 5 including and surrounding the groove 3 has been subjected to treatment D.
  • a tore-shaped fluid tight packing 9 is provided between the cap and the casing which are secured together by gluing with Araldite at 10.
  • the casing and the cap have been impregnated throughout with plastic material. This operation has been performed in two stages: immersion in a bath of liquid plastic material, and then cleaning and polymerization at room temperature.
  • a shaped charge thus executed and treated may be sunk directly into a bore hole down to depths at which pressures of a magnitude of 1,000 kg. per sq. cm. prevail since all the sections of the casing and of the cap resist such pressures.
  • the outline and the thickness of the cap 2 enable it as a matter of fact to reliably support said pressures although the casing of a shaped charge which has been subjected uniformly to the treatment B does not support more than a pressure of 700 kg. per sq. cm.
  • the following broken material is produced: 270 gr. of parts weighing an average 1 gr. each and 30 gr. of parts weighing an average of 5 gr. each.
  • the treatment applied to the cap may be the treatment C of the above table which would allow a reduction in thickness of the cap While retaining for it a suitable mechanical resistance. Splinters of a still more homogeneous size would apparently be obtained. It is obviously possible to consider for the cap various combinations of treatments and thicknesses.
  • the treatments provided according to the above table are obviously not the only possible ones.
  • a number of the treatments generally resorted to such as nitriding processes may be considered either for the surface improvement of the mechanical properties of compact metal parts, or else for the depthwise modification of the mechanical grade of parts made of sintered iron, provided the brittleness of the parts thus treated is not too much reduced thereby.
  • the size and the weight of a shaped charge according to the invention obviously may be of any value.
  • the same is the case for the means securing the cap to the casin
  • the arguments given for describing a shaped charge according to the invention will be easily modified for the case where a simple explosive charge is to be considered.
  • an explosive shaped charge device for use in a fluid-filled well bore where said device includes a metal case and cover elements constructed from compressed and sintered iron powder and where said elements are normally sealed relative to one another and enclose an explosive with a shaped lined portion for producing a penetrating jet, the improvement comprising the step or" heating at least one or" said elements while in a compressed sintered form to a temperature of 500 C. in an atmosphere of oxygen for about one hour.
  • an explosive shaped charge device for use in a fluid-filled well bore where said device includes a metal case and cover elements constructed from compressed and sintered iron powder and where said elements are normally sealed relative to one another and enclose an explosive with a shaped lined portion for producing a penetrating jet
  • the improvement comprising the step of heating at least one of said elements while in a compressed and sintered form to a temperature of 500 C. in an atmosphere of oxygen for about one hour, and then heating said one element while said elen ent is in a compres ed and sintered form to a temperature of 900 C. for about one hour in the presence of gas containing a large proportion of carbon.
  • an explosive shaped charge device for use in a fluid-filled well bore where said device includes a metal case and cover elements constructed from compressed and sintered iron powder and where said elements are normally sealed relative to one another and enclose an explosive with a shaped lined portion for producing a penetrating jet
  • the improvement comprising the first step of heating at least one of said elements while in a compressed and sintered form to a temperature of 500 C. in an atmosphere of oxygen for about one hour, then the second step of heating said one element while said element is in a compressed and sintered form in an atmosphere of hydrogen to a temperature of 1040 C. for about one hour, then the third step of heating said one element while in a compressed and sintered form to a temperature of 900 C. for about one hour in the presence of gas containing a large proportion of carbon.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US227381A 1961-10-10 1962-10-01 Explosive charges used in petroleum boreholes Expired - Lifetime US3196792A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR875593A FR1309941A (fr) 1961-10-10 1961-10-10 Perfectionnements aux charges explosives utilisées dans les forages pétrolifères

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3196792A true US3196792A (en) 1965-07-27

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ID=8764467

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US227381A Expired - Lifetime US3196792A (en) 1961-10-10 1962-10-01 Explosive charges used in petroleum boreholes

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3196792A (cs)
DE (1) DE1169349B (cs)
FR (1) FR1309941A (cs)
GB (1) GB1018089A (cs)
NL (1) NL284195A (cs)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3375108A (en) * 1964-04-30 1968-03-26 Pollard Mabel Shaped charge liners
US4958569A (en) * 1990-03-26 1990-09-25 Olin Corporation Wrought copper alloy-shaped charge liner
US5098487A (en) * 1990-11-28 1992-03-24 Olin Corporation Copper alloys for shaped charge liners
US5509356A (en) * 1995-01-27 1996-04-23 The Ensign-Bickford Company Liner and improved shaped charge especially for use in a well pipe perforating gun
US6012392A (en) * 1997-05-10 2000-01-11 Arrow Metals Division Of Reliance Steel And Aluminum Co. Shaped charge liner and method of manufacture
US20110056691A1 (en) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Scintered powder metal shaped charges

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6464019B1 (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-10-15 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Perforating charge case
MX2017012724A (es) 2017-10-03 2019-03-07 Fabriser S A De C V Contenedor plegable para voladuras, antiestático con capacidad para comprimirse parcialmente y sus accesorios.

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2203895A (en) * 1939-01-06 1940-06-11 Gen Motors Corp Method of sintering porous metal objects
US2352316A (en) * 1941-08-09 1944-06-27 American Electro Metal Corp Method of producing shaped bodies from powdery ferrous material
US2362772A (en) * 1940-09-25 1944-11-14 Rennerfelt Ivar Powder metallurgical methods
US2605703A (en) * 1944-07-06 1952-08-05 Du Pont Liner for hollow charges
US2853767A (en) * 1955-03-23 1958-09-30 Mallory & Co Inc P R Method of making high density ferrous alloy powder compacts and products thereof
GB866931A (en) * 1956-12-26 1961-05-03 Schlumberger Prospection Improvements in shaped charges serving for the perforation of metal walls
US3021784A (en) * 1955-09-21 1962-02-20 Borg Warner Shaped charge unit for well perforators
US3040659A (en) * 1958-05-12 1962-06-26 Otis J Mcculleugh Well perforating device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1217037A (fr) * 1958-11-13 1960-04-29 Schlumberger Prospection Perfectionnements aux charges creuses destinées à la perforation

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2203895A (en) * 1939-01-06 1940-06-11 Gen Motors Corp Method of sintering porous metal objects
US2362772A (en) * 1940-09-25 1944-11-14 Rennerfelt Ivar Powder metallurgical methods
US2352316A (en) * 1941-08-09 1944-06-27 American Electro Metal Corp Method of producing shaped bodies from powdery ferrous material
US2605703A (en) * 1944-07-06 1952-08-05 Du Pont Liner for hollow charges
US2853767A (en) * 1955-03-23 1958-09-30 Mallory & Co Inc P R Method of making high density ferrous alloy powder compacts and products thereof
US3021784A (en) * 1955-09-21 1962-02-20 Borg Warner Shaped charge unit for well perforators
GB866931A (en) * 1956-12-26 1961-05-03 Schlumberger Prospection Improvements in shaped charges serving for the perforation of metal walls
US3040659A (en) * 1958-05-12 1962-06-26 Otis J Mcculleugh Well perforating device

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3375108A (en) * 1964-04-30 1968-03-26 Pollard Mabel Shaped charge liners
US4958569A (en) * 1990-03-26 1990-09-25 Olin Corporation Wrought copper alloy-shaped charge liner
US5098487A (en) * 1990-11-28 1992-03-24 Olin Corporation Copper alloys for shaped charge liners
US5509356A (en) * 1995-01-27 1996-04-23 The Ensign-Bickford Company Liner and improved shaped charge especially for use in a well pipe perforating gun
US6012392A (en) * 1997-05-10 2000-01-11 Arrow Metals Division Of Reliance Steel And Aluminum Co. Shaped charge liner and method of manufacture
US20110056691A1 (en) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Scintered powder metal shaped charges
US9291039B2 (en) * 2009-09-10 2016-03-22 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Scintered powder metal shaped charges
US10041769B2 (en) * 2009-09-10 2018-08-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Scintered powder metal shaped charges

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1018089A (en) 1966-01-26
FR1309941A (fr) 1962-11-23
NL284195A (cs)
DE1169349B (de) 1964-04-30

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