US3184094A - Extensible metal sheets - Google Patents

Extensible metal sheets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3184094A
US3184094A US285279A US28527963A US3184094A US 3184094 A US3184094 A US 3184094A US 285279 A US285279 A US 285279A US 28527963 A US28527963 A US 28527963A US 3184094 A US3184094 A US 3184094A
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Prior art keywords
corrugations
sheet
container
extensible
enclosed area
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US285279A
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English (en)
Inventor
French Michael Joseph
Petty John William Ledward
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Conch International Methane Ltd
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Conch International Methane Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D13/00—Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form
    • B21D13/10—Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profiles; Bending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form into a peculiar profiling shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0648—Alloys or compositions of metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/031—Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic

Definitions

  • these sheets are ones which when under stress will be more extensible than allowed by the modulus of elasticity of the material thereof.
  • the inven tion also concerns a container suitable for the storage of a liquified gas, in which one or more walls is or are fabricated from the extensible metal sheet, and a ship having such a container.
  • liquefied gas is meant liquid that boils at atmospheric pressure at a temperature below the ambient temperature, for example liquefied natural gas, methane, ethane, propane, air, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen.
  • a liquified gas can be stored in a container fabricated of thin metal malls supported externally.
  • use of such a container is complicated by need to relieve it to an acceptable level of stresses produced by contraction or expansion of its walls with changes in temperature; that is, it is necessary to relieve the container of most or" the thermal stresses.
  • the problem of relieving thermal stresses in the walls of the container becomes particularly acute at temperatures normally encountered in the handling of liquefied gases at atmospheric pressure, because the differences between the liquefied gas temperatures and ambient temperature can be very great, for example about 290 F. in the case of liquefied natural gas, which boils at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of about 258 F.
  • an extensible sheet is one having an enclosed area bounded entirely by non-inter secting but meeting corrugations which corrugations extend linearly beyond the enclosed area.
  • corrugation of course includes simple folds. This sheet will later be referred to as a defined sheet.
  • the ends of the corrugations terminating in the peripheries of the enclosed areas move relatively to one another. They are free to do tms by reason of a rotational movement of the enclosed areas.
  • the remaining corrugations transverse to the set of the corrugations discussed above do not impede the extension or contraction of the shoot but open or close to permit it.
  • the adjacent corrugations can extend in suitable crossing directions, but preferably form two sets of corrugations at right angles to one another.
  • Opposite corrugations terminating in the periphery of an enclosed area are preferably parallel i.e. the enclosed area is a rectangle, or preferably a square.
  • Adjacent corrugations can have any desired profile, which can be symmetrical or unsymmetrical.
  • corrugations terminating Within the sheet to form a corner have unsymmetrical profiles, they are arranged so that the same sides of the profiles are in the clockwise direction and the other sides of the profiles are in the anticlockwise direction.
  • the area. bounded by the corrugations can lie either in or out of the plane of the extensible metal sheet; that is, it can be bounded by the flanks of sides of the corrugations, or the crests of the corrugations.
  • the enclosed area can be a square or a square with triangular flanges. The enclosed area will rotate about its centre of area when the extensible sheet is contracted or expanded by stresses.
  • the enclosed area may be of any shape, having any number of sides. However, to minimise the stresses set up in the sheets when it contracts at low temperatures it is preferable, if the sides of the enclosed area are equal in length and also preferable if the enclosed area is in the centre of the sheet. Preferred shapes are triangles or hexagons and especially quadrilaterals e.g. squares.
  • the average of the ratios of the length of each corrugation bounding each enclosed area to the total length of each corrugation is preferably less than 1 to 2, e.g. about 1 to 4.
  • the corrugations may if desired be curved betore meeting an adjacent corrugation, preferably curved outwardly of the enclosed area.
  • the curvature of the corrugations is for this purpose ignored i.e. the sheet is the same shape as the enclosed area but for the rounded corners.
  • the corrugations should extend linearly beyond the enclosed area to the sides ofthe sheet, or at least extend to nearly the sides of the sheet.
  • the extensible sheet preferably metal
  • the extensible metal sheet can be of any thickness appropriate to areas.
  • sheet comprising a plurality of defined sheets spaced in side-by-side and end-to-end relationship so that each of the corrugations of each of the defined sheets is in line with and meets a corrugation in a contiguous sheet
  • extensible sheet comprising a plurality of Zones, each having the features of and corresponding to the defined sheet, in which the zones are spaced in side-by-side and end-to-end relationship so that each of the corrugations of each zone is in line with, and meets a corrugation in a contiguous zone.
  • the defined sheet or the zone corresponding to the defined sheet also has to be one which is substantially the same shape as its enclosed area, one in which the corrugations extend to the sides of the sheet, and one in which the enclosed area is in the centre of the sheet and has sides which are equal in length.
  • the individual defined sheets are preferably welded together.
  • the extensible sheet comprising a plurality of zones may be made by welding sheets together along the corrugations.
  • corrugations which are curved outwardly of the enclosed area before meeting an adjacent corrugation are an advantage, because often the sheets which are welded together along the corrugations can be fabricated by stamping.
  • the walls of the container are sheets having .a plurality of enclosed areas and they meet one another directly at the edges and corners of the container it is essential that the edges do not pass through an enclosed area.
  • the enclosed area is a square, large containers at least, can only be a hexahedron in which the walls are squares or rectangles. If the enclosed areas are triangles, large containers at least, can only be pyramidal in shape.
  • the top wall of the container it is not necessary for the top wall of the container to be a sheet with an enclosed area or a plurality of enclosed areas, and this wall therefore may be conventional design, thus cheapening the cost of the container.
  • the container can be so assembled that the wall or walls fabricated from the extensible sheet is or are under compression, so as to relieve the thermal stresses produced by charging the container with liquefied gas.
  • the primary container can be located by attaching pegs to the outside of said container and rotatably securing the pegs in recesses in the walls of the secondary container, for example by spring rings.
  • the pegs are attached to the primary container at the centres of the enclosed areas of the sheets, the centres consequently acting as fixed points about which the areas can move.
  • the use of the pegs has the advantage of dampening any vibra tions in the walls arising from vibration of the enclosed
  • An additional advantage of the use of the pegs is that construction of the primary container from suitable sections having pegs already attached to them can be facilitated by first constructing the secondary container and then using the recesses in the walls of the secondary container as jigs in the construction of the primary container; individual sections of the primary container will be positioned for welding together by their being held in place by cooperation between the pegs and the recesses.
  • the secondary container can be any suitable thermally insulating material, for example asbestos, balsa wood 'faced with plywood, foamed glass, glass wool, granulated cork or particles of foamed elastomeric material, for instance polystyrene or polyurethane foam.
  • suitable thermally insulating material for example asbestos, balsa wood 'faced with plywood, foamed glass, glass wool, granulated cork or particles of foamed elastomeric material, for instance polystyrene or polyurethane foam.
  • thermally insulating material that neither substantially contracts nor substantially expands with changes in temperature, for example balsa wood faced with plywood.
  • the thermally insulating material can be in the form of blocks or in the form of a continuous layer.
  • the face of the thermally insulating material presented to the outside of the primary container prefer-ably has recesses to receive in rotating fit pegs fixed to the outside of the primary container as described above.
  • any recess can have a nylon bush containing a spring ring to prevent longitudinal but allow rotational movement of the peg to be inserted in the recess.
  • the secondary container apart from supporting the primary container, provides, between the primary container and the housing, a barrier for cold liquid and gas that might escape from the primary container, as -well as providing a thermally insulated space for the primary container.
  • the housing can be of any suitable material, for example aluminum or plywood. Its effect is to box in the primary and secondary containers.
  • the composite container described above is to be used in the hold of a ship, it is preferably supported by spacers connected to the structure of the ship, so that stresses in the walls of the container can be transmitted to the structure of the ship.
  • Any space between the housing and the hull of the ship is preferably filled with a thermally insulating material, which can be the same as that used for the secondary container.
  • the total amount of thermally insulating material used in the composite container and to fill any space between the housing and the hull of the ship should be suflicient to keep the temperature of the hull above the embrittlement temperature of the hull when the primary container is charged with liquefied gas. This requirement is particularly necessary when the primary container is used for the storage of liquefied natural gas, which boils at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of about 25 8 F.
  • FIGURE 1 is a view of an extensible metal sheet in which the enclosed area is a square;
  • FIGURE 2 is a View of the inside of a corner of a container having at least three walls fabricated from extensible metal sheets as described with reference to FIG- URE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a view of another extensible metal sheet in which the enclosed area is a square;
  • FIGURE 4 is a view of the inside of a corner of a container having at least three walls fabricated from extensible metal sheets as described with reference to FIG- URE 3;
  • FIGURE 5 is a view of another extensible metal sheet in which the enclosed area is a square;
  • FIGURE 6 is a section of a ship having a container suitable for the storage of a liquefied gas, in which the liquefied gas is stored in a primary container supported by a secondary container of thermally insulating material the primary container having its bottom, top and side walls fabricated from extensible metal sheets as described with reference to FIGURES 1 and 2, and both containers being kept in a housing;
  • FIGURE 7 is a section of a detail of FIGURE 6;
  • FIGURE 8 is a view of the outside of the primary contamer of FIGURE 6.
  • FIGURE 9 is a view of an extensible sheet in which the enclosed area is a triangle.
  • FIGURE 10 is a view of an extensible sheet in which the enclosed area is a hexagon.
  • FIGURE 11 is a view of a modification of the extensible sheet as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • an extensible sheet 1 of stainless steel has four adjacent corrugations 2, 3, 4 and 5, which form two sets of corrugations at right angles to one another.
  • the corrugations have symmetrical profiles, and the bottoms of sides of the adjacent ends of the corrugations enclose a square area 6 whose plane lies in the plane of the extensible sheet.
  • Opposite corrugations 2, 4 and 3, 5 respectively are offset relatively to one another, and each of corrugations 2, 3, 4 and 5 terminates in the periphery of square area 6.
  • Extensible sheet 1 was fabricted by bending and Welding together suitable section of stainless steel, and was not heat treated after the welding.
  • FIGURE 2 three walls 11, 12 and 13 fabricated from extensible metal sheets as described with reference to FIGURE 1 meet in a corner of a container 14 suitable for the storage of a liquefied gas.
  • the walls terminate in edges 15, 16 and 17 of the container, and are butt-welded together.
  • the Walls may be folded thereby avoiding welds at the edge joints.
  • any corrugation 18 in one wall is deepened and made integral with a corresponding corrugation 19 in a second wall, so as to render the edge of the container longitudinally extensible.
  • an extensible sheet 21 of stainless steel has four adjacent corrugations 22, 23, 24and 25, which form two sets of corrugations at right angles to one another.
  • the corrugations have symmetrical profiles, and the flanks of sides of the adjacent ends of the corrugations enclose an area 26 in the form of a square with triangular flanges. The enclosed area lies out of the plane of the extensible sheet.
  • Op osite corrugations 22, 24 and 23, 25 respectively are offset relatively to one another, and each of corrugations 22, 23, 24 and 25 terminates in the periphery of area 26.
  • Extensible sheet 21 was fabricated by suitably pressing a fiat sheet of stainless steel.
  • corrugations 22, 23, 24 and 25 open or close, and bending moments aboutaxes perpendicular to the plane of the sheet are induced in the sides of the corrugations at the corners of enclosed area 26.
  • the bending moments cause area 26 to rotate about its centre of area 27, thereby enabling each corrugation to move longitudinally as a whole and the extensible sheet to be extensible in all directions.
  • FIGURE 4 three Walls 31, 32 and 33 fabricated from extensible metal sheets as described with reference to FIGURE 3 meet in a corner of a container 34 suitable for the storage of a liquefied gas.
  • the walls terminate in edges 35, 36 and 37 of the container, and are butt-Welded together.
  • any corrugation 38 in one wall is joined to a corresponding corrugation 39 in a second Wall by a corner corrugation 40, so as to render the edge of the container longitudinally extensible.
  • an extensible sheet 41 of stainless steel has four adjacent corrugations 4-2, 43, 44 and 45, which form two sets of corrugations at right angles to one another.
  • the corrugations have unsymmetrical profiles, and the crests of the adjacent ends of the corrugations enclose a square area 46 whose plane lies out of the plane of the extensible sheet.
  • Opposite corrugations 4-2, 44 and 43, respectively are offset by reason of their profiles being reversed relatively to one another, and each of corrugations 42, 43, 44 and 45 terminates in the periphery of square area 46.
  • Extensible sheet 41 was fabricated by bending and welding together suitable sections of stainless steel, and was not heat treated after the welding.
  • corrugations 42 43, 44 and 45 open or close, and bending moments about axes perpendicular to the plane of the sheet are induced in the sides of the corrugations at the corners of enclosed area 46.
  • the bending moments cause square area 46w rotate about its centre of area d7, thereby enabling each corrugation to move longitudinally as a whole and the extensible sheet to be extensible in all directions.
  • a ship 51 has an outer hull 52 and an inner hull 5.3 inwardly spaced therefrom, both hulls being fabricated from steel plates. Ballast water can be contained in space 54 between the bulls.
  • a plywood housing 57 Inwardly spaced from inner hull 53 and separated therefrom by spacers 55 and glass wool 56 is a plywood housing 57; the spacers are rigidly secured to the inner hull and the housing.
  • each recess 6t has a nylon bush 61 containing a spring ring 62. Passing into each recess as is a stainless steel peg 63 having a circumferential groove 64 adapted to receive a spring ring; cooperation between the groove and the ring allows the peg to rotate but prevents it moving laterally.
  • Each peg 63 is welded to a circular stainless-steel base plate 65 (FIGURES 7 and 8), which is welded to the outside of a stainless steel container 66 suitable for the storage of a liquefied gas.
  • the container is shown in gneater detail in FIGURE 8, and has its bottom, top and side walls fabricated from extensible metal sheets as described with reference to FIGURES 1 and 2.
  • the pegs and their base plates are attached to the centres of area enclosed by the adjacent ends of any four adjacent corrugations. The attachment of the pegs to the outside of container 65 is shown in greater detail in FIGURE 7.
  • the optimum level for liquefied gas in container 66 is shown at 67.
  • thermal stresses produced in the bottom, top and side Walls of the container are relieved by corrugations opening or closing. Any vibrations set up in the bottom, top and side walls of the container are damped by pegs 63.
  • the weight of the liquefied gas is transmitted through facing 59, blocks 53, housing 57 and spacers 55 to inner hull 53.
  • an extensible sheet 7d of stainless steel has three non-intersecting corrugations 7 1, 72 and 73.
  • the corrugations have symmetrical profiles, and they meet to form an enclosed triangle.
  • the extensible sheet is similar to sheet 70 of FIGURE 9 except that there are six nonintersecting corrugations 81, 82, 8'3, 84, and 86 meet ing to enclose a hexagon.
  • FIGURE 11 shows .a modified form of the sheet described with reference to FIGURE 1 in which each of the corrugations 91, 92, 93 and 554 are rounded outwardly of the enclosed square before meeting another corrugation.
  • FIGURES 9, l0 and 11 The principle of operation of the sheets as shown in FIGURES 9, l0 and 11 is the same as that shown in FIGURE 1.
  • An extensible unitary, continuous, iluid imperme able sheet including an enclosed area bounded entirely by non-intersecting but meeting corrugations in the sheet, which corrugations extend linearly beyond the enclosed area, and which corrugations are capable of flexing in response to thermal expansion and contraction of the sheet; a supporting structure for said sheet, spaced from said sheet, and a pivotal supporting connection between the center of said enclosed area and said supporting structure whereby said sheet expands and contracts in response to temperature changes by angular rotary movement about said pivotal connection due to the flexing of said corrugations.
  • a sheet as claimed in claim 2 in which the average of the ratios of the length of each corrugation bounding the enclosed area to the total length of each corrugation is about 1 to 4.
  • a composite extensible continuous, gas impermeable sheet comprising .a plurality of sheet units joined continuously at their edges, each sheet unit having in the centre of the sheet unit an enclosed area of the same geometric shape as the sheet unit, the enclosed area being bounded entirely by non-intersecting but meeting corrugations in the sheet unit, which corrugations extend linearly beyond the enclosed area and extend to the sides of the sheet unit, the sheet unit being spaced in side-byside and end-to-end relationship so that each of the corrugations of each sheet unit is in line with and meets a corrugation in a contiguous sheet unit, said corrugations flexing in response to thermal expansion and contraction of the sheet units; and a pivotal support in the center of at least one of said enclosed areas, on which support the enclosed area is mounted fior limited angular movement in response to thermal changes.
  • a composite sheet as claimed in claim 9 in which the sheet units spaced in side-byside and end-to-end relationship are welded together.
  • An extensible sheet comprising a plurality of zones each zone having in the centre of the zone an enclosed area ofthe same geometric shape as the zone, the enclosed area being bounded entirely by non-intersecting but meeting corrugations, which corrugations extend linearly beyond the enclosed area and extend to the sides of the zone, the zones being spaced in side-by-side and end-to-end relationship so that each of the corrugations of each zone is in line with and meets a corrugation in a contiguous zone and a pivotal fixed support in the center of at least one of said enclosed areas for supporting said extensible sheet, said enclosed area being mounted on said fixed support for limited angular movement about said support in response to thermal changes,
  • a container suitable for the storage of a liquefied gas comprising a primary container in which at least one of the Walls of the container is fabricated from an extensible sheet as claimed in claim 9, and a secondary container of thermally insulating material supporting said primary container.
  • a container suitable for the storage of .a liquefied gas comprising a primary container in which at least one of the walls of the container is fabricated from an extensible sheet as claimed in claim 11, and a secondary container of thermally insulating material, supporting said primary container.
  • a container suit-able for the storage of a liquefied gas comprising a primary container in Which at least one of the walls of the container is fabricated from an extensible sheet as claimed in claim 9, a secondary container of thermally insulating material, there being a number of said pivotal supports comprising pegs that are rotatably secured within recesses in the Walls of the secondary container and are attached to the primary container.
  • a container suitable for the storage of a liquefied gas comprising a primary container in which at least one of the walls of the container is fabricated from an extensible sheet as claimed in claim 1 1, a secondary container of thermally insulating material there being a number of said pivotal supports comprising pegs that are rotatably secure-d Within recesses in the walls of the secondary container and are attached to the primary container.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US285279A 1962-07-27 1963-06-04 Extensible metal sheets Expired - Lifetime US3184094A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB28880/62A GB981732A (en) 1962-07-27 1962-07-27 Improvements in or relating to extensible metal sheets

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US3184094A true US3184094A (en) 1965-05-18

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US (1) US3184094A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE635410A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1227041B (en, 2012)
DK (1) DK123884B (en, 2012)
ES (1) ES290325A1 (en, 2012)
FI (1) FI41035C (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB981732A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL294279A (en, 2012)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3302358A (en) * 1963-05-06 1967-02-07 Conch Int Methane Ltd Thermal insulation structures
US3362118A (en) * 1964-07-06 1968-01-09 Sulzer Ag Expansible surface structure
US3364644A (en) * 1964-03-07 1968-01-23 Goetaverken Ab Expansible wall structure and method of erecting same
US3380613A (en) * 1964-09-09 1968-04-30 Conch Int Methane Ltd Containers for very cold or very hot liquids
DE1271130B (de) * 1965-08-23 1968-06-27 Linde Ag Behaelter fuer tiefsiedende Fluessiggase
US3506412A (en) * 1967-05-24 1970-04-14 Linde Ag Yieldable wall assembly for containers for the transportation of low-temperature fluids
US3517850A (en) * 1967-05-24 1970-06-30 Anna Weigert Yieldable wall assembly for containers for the transportation of low-temperature fluids
US3525661A (en) * 1965-06-28 1970-08-25 Conch Int Methane Ltd Thermal insulation structures
US4059932A (en) * 1976-06-21 1977-11-29 Ronald Dale Resch Self-supporting structural unit having a three-dimensional surface
US4149652A (en) * 1977-08-15 1979-04-17 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Membrane structure in a liquified gas storage tank
US5292027A (en) * 1992-10-05 1994-03-08 Rockwell International Corporation Tension and compression extensible liner for a primary vessel

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1799234A (en) * 1926-04-21 1931-04-07 Universal Oil Prod Co Lining for metal parts of oil-cracking apparatus
US2020630A (en) * 1930-11-26 1935-11-12 Universal Oil Prod Co Protective lining for vessels
GB525687A (en) * 1938-02-26 1940-09-03 Ferdinand Schmidt Large reservoirs for liquids
US2971667A (en) * 1958-04-03 1961-02-14 Conch Int Methane Ltd Expansible-wall container for lowtemperature fluids

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL234762A (en, 2012) * 1957-03-14

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1799234A (en) * 1926-04-21 1931-04-07 Universal Oil Prod Co Lining for metal parts of oil-cracking apparatus
US2020630A (en) * 1930-11-26 1935-11-12 Universal Oil Prod Co Protective lining for vessels
GB525687A (en) * 1938-02-26 1940-09-03 Ferdinand Schmidt Large reservoirs for liquids
US2971667A (en) * 1958-04-03 1961-02-14 Conch Int Methane Ltd Expansible-wall container for lowtemperature fluids

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3302358A (en) * 1963-05-06 1967-02-07 Conch Int Methane Ltd Thermal insulation structures
US3364644A (en) * 1964-03-07 1968-01-23 Goetaverken Ab Expansible wall structure and method of erecting same
US3362118A (en) * 1964-07-06 1968-01-09 Sulzer Ag Expansible surface structure
US3380613A (en) * 1964-09-09 1968-04-30 Conch Int Methane Ltd Containers for very cold or very hot liquids
US3525661A (en) * 1965-06-28 1970-08-25 Conch Int Methane Ltd Thermal insulation structures
DE1271130B (de) * 1965-08-23 1968-06-27 Linde Ag Behaelter fuer tiefsiedende Fluessiggase
US3506412A (en) * 1967-05-24 1970-04-14 Linde Ag Yieldable wall assembly for containers for the transportation of low-temperature fluids
US3517850A (en) * 1967-05-24 1970-06-30 Anna Weigert Yieldable wall assembly for containers for the transportation of low-temperature fluids
US4059932A (en) * 1976-06-21 1977-11-29 Ronald Dale Resch Self-supporting structural unit having a three-dimensional surface
US4149652A (en) * 1977-08-15 1979-04-17 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Membrane structure in a liquified gas storage tank
US5292027A (en) * 1992-10-05 1994-03-08 Rockwell International Corporation Tension and compression extensible liner for a primary vessel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB981732A (en) 1965-01-27
ES290325A1 (es) 1964-01-01
DK123884B (da) 1972-08-14
FI41035B (en, 2012) 1969-04-30
NL294279A (en, 2012)
BE635410A (en, 2012) 1964-01-27
DE1227041B (de) 1966-10-20
FI41035C (fi) 1969-08-11

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