US3182291A - Utensil for writing and simultaneously recognizing the written symbols - Google Patents

Utensil for writing and simultaneously recognizing the written symbols Download PDF

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Publication number
US3182291A
US3182291A US133987A US13398761A US3182291A US 3182291 A US3182291 A US 3182291A US 133987 A US133987 A US 133987A US 13398761 A US13398761 A US 13398761A US 3182291 A US3182291 A US 3182291A
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United States
Prior art keywords
writing
utensil
photo
light
written
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Expired - Lifetime
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US133987A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ernie G Nassimbene
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Priority to GB1012445D priority Critical patent/GB1012445A/en
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US133987A priority patent/US3182291A/en
Priority to FR907584A priority patent/FR1332383A/fr
Priority to DEJ22297A priority patent/DE1170179B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3182291A publication Critical patent/US3182291A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/10—Image acquisition
    • G06V10/17—Image acquisition using hand-held instruments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to writing utensils, and aims to provide means for indicating instantaneously at remote points whatever message is being written with the utensil.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a utensil of the type referred to that is of simple construction and convenient to handle.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide an arrangement for representing written characters by electric pulses as they are being written and for indicating by said pulses at a remote point the characters which they represent.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal section through a Writing utensil embodying my invention
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 are enlarged cross-sections through the utensil taken along lines 22 and 3-3, respectively, of FIGURE 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows associated with said lines;
  • FIGURE 4 is a circuit diagram of an arrangement for indicating characters written by the utensil at points remote from the place of writing;
  • FIGURE 5 is an isometric view of a modified embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 6 is a circuit diagram representing the electric components of the writing utensil shown in FIGURE 5;
  • FIGURE 7 is a chart illustrating the characteristic voltage variations obtained from the utensil shown in FIG- URE 5 when writing the ten Arabic characters of the decimal system.
  • FIGURE 8 is an isometric view illustrating yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • I provide a writing utensil, such as a pencil or fountain pen, with a source of light so located as to illuminate the area upon which the point of the utensil Writes, and I arrange around the center axis of said utensil a plurality of photo-sensitive elements that are exposed to the light reflected from the writing area and respond to changes in the brightness of said area caused by the ink path that is layed thereon as the utensil is employed to write letters or characters upon it; and depending upon the direction of movement of the 3,182,291 Patented May 4, 1965 utensil necessary in writing a certain symbol, any newly formed line is exposed to, and causes a variation in the resistance of a particular one of said photo-sensitive elements.
  • every letter or character, as it is being written affects the photo sensitive elements of the utensil in a characteristic sequence by which it may be identified and which may be employed to indicate the character at a remote point.
  • the utensil 10 of the invention comprises an enclosure 12 of plastic material, wood or the like, which may have the form of a fountain pen;
  • the front end 14 of the utensil has the shape of an equi-lateral triangle with rounded corners as shown in FIGURE 2, and slidably received in an aperture 15 provided in said front end adjacent the flat top 16 thereof and midway between its rounded corners 18 and 20 is the tubular writing pin 22 which carries the ball point 24.
  • a light-conducting material such as the material known under the trade name Lucite.
  • the front ends of said rods rest in the annular window 15 provided in the front wall 14 of enclosure 12 around the pin 22, and the rear ends of said rods terminate adjacent four photo sensitive elements L. T, R and B, respectively, that are arranged within the enclosure 12 at annularly equi-spaced intervals about the longitudinal axis x-x in a region about midway between the opposite ends of said enclosure (FIGURES 1 and 3).
  • the rods 26, 28, $0 and 32 and the photo sensitive elements L, T, R and B define a centrally located tubular space 44 for the reception of the ink cartridge 46 which carries at its front end the hereinbefore mentioned writing pin 22.
  • a suitable aperture 48 is provided in the arched rear wall 50 of the enclosure, and outer portion of said aperture may be radially expanded to form a chamber for the reception of the usual spring 52 that opposes ordinarily projection of the writing pin 22 beyond the aperture 15 in the front end of the pen; and a latchable plug 54 may slidably be received in the outer end of the chamber 48 in the conventional manner to effect projection of the writing pin 22 upon depression, and to maintain said pin in projected position as long as it is desired.
  • the electric leads for the bulbs 24a and 24b in the front end 12 of the pen and for the photo sensitive elements in its middle may be combined into cable 56 that passes through a longitudinally extending passage 58 inthe rear half of the pen to the outside, as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the top element T registers a reduction in the amount of light initially transmitted to it through rod 28, since the front end of said rod passes over the written line directly after it is formed by the point of the pen.
  • any character or letter written upon a bright base affects one, some, or all of the photo sensitive elements in a characteristic manner or sequence.
  • the changes in the conductivity of the photo cells thus effected are sensed in the customary manner as voltage changes in suitable circuitry, and by transmitting any voltage changes produced by illumination variations of the photo cells in the proper sequence to a remote place, the characters or letters written by the pen of my invention may be identified, and/or visibly reproduced at the remote place at practically the same moment as they are being written.
  • FIG. 1 When employing the particular embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGURE 1, which has four angularly equi-spaced observation points arranged above, below and at either side of the tip of the pen, as illustrated in FIG- URES 2 and 3, the writing of the ten Arabic symbols of the decimal system causes the four photo cells to respond in the following characteristic sequences:
  • the symbol means that the pen has been lifted from the paper for a brief moment
  • the bracket means that the photo cells enclosed in the bracket respond at the same time, i.e., they both see the line formed.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates by way of example suitable circuitry for indicating visibly at a remote point characters written with the utensil of the invention shown in FIG- URES l, 2 and 3.
  • FIGURE 4 shows only the circuitry necessary to indicate the Arabic characters 1, 4 and 5.
  • Said circuitry comprises four lines I, r, t and b corresponding to the four photo sensitive elements L, R, T and B, respectively, of the utensil and applied to said lines is a predetermined voltage, say 100 volts, from a source indicated at 64.
  • the photo sensitive elements of the writing utensil operate to increase the voltage in the corresponding lines I, r, t and b, respectively, whenever the appearance of a dark line on the light-reflecting surface viewed by said photo sensitive elements reduces the illumination and hence increases the resistance of one or the other of said photo sensitive elements.
  • the photo-conductor 74 acts as the start switch of the system; and upon illumination of said photo-conductor by means of a suitably placed, controlled source of light (not shown), the resistance of said conductor is lowered to a level whereat a slight in- Arabic 1.
  • the pen 10 is used to make a downward stroke upon a piece of white paper. This causes its top most photo cell T to register a decrease in illumination which is effective to increase the voltage in line t and as a result thereof, the discharge tube 78 fires and begins to glow.
  • the second photo conductor 76 is arranged in such a manner that it is exposed to the light emitted by discharge tube 78 as indicated by a dotted arrow in FIGURE 4.
  • the glow discharge tube 78 may therefore be arranged to illuminate a signalling device bearing the character :1: as schematically indicated at 80 in FIG- URE 4.
  • Tube 86 is arranged to illuminate yet another photo conductor 88 that is shunted across the first tube 78 as indicated by a dotted arrow in FIGURE 4.
  • the second tube 86 lights up, the current from line t to ground is shunted around the first tube 78 and said tube goes out and extinguishes the sign 80 indicating that the pencil is being used to write more than just a downward stroke. Since a horizontal stroke added to a downward stroke does not complete an Arabic character, there is no sign associated with the second glow tube 86. In completing the character 4, the horizontal stroke to the right is followed by a final downward stroke.
  • glow discharge tube 99 fires and extinguishes the preceding glow discharge tube 90 by illuminating a photo conductor 102 that is shunted across said preceding glow discharge tube. At the same time it latches itself in operative condition by illuminating a photo conductor 104 that is connected in parallel with photo conductor 100. Since the sequence of reactions of the photo conductors, which results in the illumination of glow discharge tube 99 does not complete a character, there is no signaling device associated with glow discharge tube 99.
  • glow discharge tube 106 Connected between line I and ground is yet another glow discharge tube 106 in series with a photo conductor 198 that is exposed to the directly preceding glow tube 99 and which readies glow tube 106 for operation whenever said preceding glow tube 99 is illuminated.
  • glow discharge tube 106 fires, and causes the preceding glow discharge tube 99 to go out by illuminating a photo conduct-or 110 that is shunted across said preceding discharge tube.
  • FIGURE 5 illustrates another embodiment of the invention which is of a simpler construction than the embodiment illustrated in FIGURES l, 2 and 3, but depends upon an external source of light.
  • the reference numeral 120 identifies a writing utensil which may be a pen or pencil, and which has a writing point 122.
  • an annular photo-sensitive element 126 Arranged around the stem 124 of the utensil in an area adjacent its point 122 is an annular photo-sensitive element 126 which forms part of a detector circuit such as illustrated in FIGURE 6, through the leads indicated at 128 in FIG- URE 5.
  • a horizontally disposed strip-shaped source of light 136 which may be formed by a neon light or merely a strip of light-reflecting foil or paint.
  • the voltage developed at point 138 (FIGURE 6) of the photo-cell circuit depends upon the degree of illumination of the photo cell 126, which in turn depends upon the propinquity of the pencil 120 to the source of light 136.
  • a characteristic voltage change develops at point 138 of the detector circuit depending upon the particular character or letter written at the moment.
  • the chart of FIGURE 7 shows these characteristic voltage changes plotted against time for the ten Arabic characters of the decimal system. For instance, when the character "1 is written, the writing utensil is withdrawn from the source of light which causes the resistance of the photo cell 126 to increase and consequently the voltage developed across resistor 127 of the detector of, the voltage developed at point 138 drops in two steps as indicated at 142 in FIGURE 7. In finishing the character 5, the pencil is returned to its initial position close to the source of light and is briefly moved parallel to said source causing a brief uniform pulse of a relatively high voltage to appear after line 142, as indicated at 144 in FIGURE 7. Thus, every character or letter produces its characteristic voltage change at point 138, which may be transmitted to a distant point and may there be recognized in suitable circuitry and reconverted by conventional mechanism into the symbol which it represents.
  • FIGURE 5 While the writing utensil illustrated in FIGURE 5 is of a simpler construction than the writing utensil illustrated in FIGURES 1, 2 and 3, it has the disadvantage of requiring an external source of illumination. This may make it necessary to move the block 132 further down the sheet of paper whenever a new line is commenced so as to obtain responses of equal 'distinctness from the detector circuit. Alternatively, means may be provided for moving the paper in steps past the source of light whenever the writer has completed a line.
  • FIGURE 8 shows yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • both the source of light 146 and the photo-sensitive element 148 are located externally of the writing utensil 150 and are mounted upon a suitable support 151 in such a manner that the former has ordinarily no significant effect upon the latter.
  • the actual utensil is provided with .a light reflecting outer surface 152 near its writing point 154 so that it may reflect the light received from the lamp 146 onto the photo cell 148.
  • the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGURE 8 operates in a manner very similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIGURE 5, over which it has the advantage of free movability because the writing utensil 150 does not require any electrical leads.
  • Arrangement for indicating written symbols at a point remote from where they are being written comprising the combination of a member containing a source of light, with a writing utensil having a writing point, a lightsensitive element in an area exteriorly adjacent to said point, and a circuit containing said light-sensitive element for developing voltages varying in response to variations in the degree of illumination of said light-sensitive element by said source of light.
  • Arrangement for indicating written symbols at a point remote from where they are being written comprising the combination of a member containing a horizontally disposed strip-shaped source of light, with a writing utensil having a writing point, an annular light-sensitive element arranged exteriorly around said utensil in an area adjacent to said point, and a circuit containing said light-sensitive element for developing voltages varying in response to variations in the degree of illumination of said light-sensitive element as said utensil is moved closer to and farther away from said source of light.
  • a utensil for writing and at the same time recognizing the written symbols comprising a stem, a writing point at one end of said stern, and a light-sensitive element ar- 7 ranged exteriorly on said stern in an .area adjacent said point.
  • a utensil for writing and at the same time indicating the written symbols at a remote point as they are being written comprising a stem, a Writing point at the end of 5 said stern, an annular light-sensitive element arranged exteriorly around said stem in an area adjacent said point, and a circuit containing said light-sensitive element for developing varying voltages as the position of the utensil relative to a source of light is varied.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
  • Character Input (AREA)
US133987A 1961-08-25 1961-08-25 Utensil for writing and simultaneously recognizing the written symbols Expired - Lifetime US3182291A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1012445D GB1012445A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1961-08-25
US133987A US3182291A (en) 1961-08-25 1961-08-25 Utensil for writing and simultaneously recognizing the written symbols
FR907584A FR1332383A (fr) 1961-08-25 1962-08-23 Dispositif susceptible d'écrire et d'identifier simultanément les caractères écrits
DEJ22297A DE1170179B (de) 1961-08-25 1962-08-24 Vorrichtung zur Identifizierung handschriftlich dargestellter Schriftzeichen

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US133987A US3182291A (en) 1961-08-25 1961-08-25 Utensil for writing and simultaneously recognizing the written symbols

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US (1) US3182291A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1170179B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1012445A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3335287A (en) * 1964-07-17 1967-08-08 Franklin Institute Photosensitive self-monitoring drawing plotter using light conducting fibers
US3484614A (en) * 1965-10-14 1969-12-16 Brady Co W H Position control method and apparatus
US3497694A (en) * 1966-01-07 1970-02-24 Vyzk Ustav Matemat Stroju Optical scanning head with four optical transmission lines and photosensors
US3505666A (en) * 1966-10-03 1970-04-07 Ibm Tracking light pen
US3509353A (en) * 1962-06-21 1970-04-28 Svenska Dataregister Ab Portable record reader
US3809893A (en) * 1971-01-08 1974-05-07 Monarch Marking Systems Inc Optical reader
US3886311A (en) * 1972-05-16 1975-05-27 Talos Systems Electrical writing pen and sensor
US3903502A (en) * 1973-08-29 1975-09-02 Creative Ventures Character recording system
US3906444A (en) * 1973-10-11 1975-09-16 Stanford Research Inst Special pen and system for handwriting recognition
JPS5038454B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-05-02 1975-12-10
US3958234A (en) * 1975-06-23 1976-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Interactive stylus sensor apparatus for gas panel display
US4314760A (en) * 1979-08-27 1982-02-09 Trw Inc. Optical sensing device
US4364035A (en) * 1981-05-18 1982-12-14 Kirsch Steven T Electro-optical mouse
US4390873A (en) * 1981-05-18 1983-06-28 Kirsch Steven T Electronic mouse
EP0094867A1 (fr) * 1982-05-18 1983-11-23 Dominique Serina Procédé et dispositif pour la saisie et le traitement de données tracées en clair
US4459022A (en) * 1980-10-16 1984-07-10 United Technologies Corporation Fiber optic angular sensor
US4475240A (en) * 1980-11-10 1984-10-02 Asea Aktiebolag Device for simultaneous creation and detection of markings
WO1985000234A1 (en) * 1983-06-24 1985-01-17 Mouse Systems Corporation Detector for electro-optical mouse
US4495646A (en) * 1982-04-20 1985-01-22 Nader Gharachorloo On-line character recognition using closed-loop detector
US4707571A (en) * 1986-10-29 1987-11-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Ergonomic digitizer stylus
US4818978A (en) * 1984-06-26 1989-04-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Position and image inputting unit
US5323000A (en) * 1992-03-11 1994-06-21 Firma Schablonentechnik Kufstein Gesellschaft M.B.H. Optical read head having optical fibers inclined towards optical axis and protruding past imaging optics
US20010038711A1 (en) * 2000-01-06 2001-11-08 Zen Optical Technology, Llc Pen-based handwritten character recognition and storage system
US20030214489A1 (en) * 2002-05-14 2003-11-20 Woods Peter N. Note and sketch transcription device, system, and method

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3930229A (en) * 1974-01-31 1975-12-30 Stanford Research Inst Handwriting system
GB2164187A (en) * 1984-09-04 1986-03-12 Stc Plc Signature validation
GB2208733B (en) * 1985-11-05 1990-11-07 Nat Res Dev A writing instrument for use in capturing information in drawing or writing
GB8616470D0 (en) * 1985-11-05 1986-08-13 Hilton C Optical scanner
EP0276109B1 (en) * 1987-01-20 1993-05-12 Btg International Limited Method and apparatus for capturing information in drawing or writing
GB8702302D0 (en) * 1987-02-02 1987-03-11 Parks J R Capturing information in drawing & writing
DE102008043184B4 (de) * 2008-04-09 2021-05-06 Optik Kerle Gmbh Einkaufswagen mit einer Vorrichtung zur Erleichterung des Lesens

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2420716A (en) * 1944-11-04 1947-05-20 Rca Corp Reading aid for the blind
US3078373A (en) * 1960-04-21 1963-02-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electroluminescent matrix and access device

Family Cites Families (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT188529B (de) * 1953-10-17 1957-01-25 Establissements W B C Vorrichtung zur selbsttätigen Einführung von Ziffern od. ähnl. Schriftzeichen in ein Zahlen-Speicher- und/oder Rechenwerk, welche Zeichen mit der Spitze eines beweglichen Stiftes in Handschrift geschrieben werden

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2420716A (en) * 1944-11-04 1947-05-20 Rca Corp Reading aid for the blind
US3078373A (en) * 1960-04-21 1963-02-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electroluminescent matrix and access device

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3509353A (en) * 1962-06-21 1970-04-28 Svenska Dataregister Ab Portable record reader
US3335287A (en) * 1964-07-17 1967-08-08 Franklin Institute Photosensitive self-monitoring drawing plotter using light conducting fibers
US3484614A (en) * 1965-10-14 1969-12-16 Brady Co W H Position control method and apparatus
US3497694A (en) * 1966-01-07 1970-02-24 Vyzk Ustav Matemat Stroju Optical scanning head with four optical transmission lines and photosensors
US3505666A (en) * 1966-10-03 1970-04-07 Ibm Tracking light pen
JPS5038454B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-05-02 1975-12-10
US3809893A (en) * 1971-01-08 1974-05-07 Monarch Marking Systems Inc Optical reader
US3886311A (en) * 1972-05-16 1975-05-27 Talos Systems Electrical writing pen and sensor
US3903502A (en) * 1973-08-29 1975-09-02 Creative Ventures Character recording system
USRE30048E (en) * 1973-08-29 1979-07-17 Creative Ventures, Inc. Character recording system
US3906444A (en) * 1973-10-11 1975-09-16 Stanford Research Inst Special pen and system for handwriting recognition
US3958234A (en) * 1975-06-23 1976-05-18 International Business Machines Corporation Interactive stylus sensor apparatus for gas panel display
US4314760A (en) * 1979-08-27 1982-02-09 Trw Inc. Optical sensing device
US4459022A (en) * 1980-10-16 1984-07-10 United Technologies Corporation Fiber optic angular sensor
US4475240A (en) * 1980-11-10 1984-10-02 Asea Aktiebolag Device for simultaneous creation and detection of markings
US4390873A (en) * 1981-05-18 1983-06-28 Kirsch Steven T Electronic mouse
US4364035A (en) * 1981-05-18 1982-12-14 Kirsch Steven T Electro-optical mouse
US4495646A (en) * 1982-04-20 1985-01-22 Nader Gharachorloo On-line character recognition using closed-loop detector
FR2527362A1 (fr) * 1982-05-18 1983-11-25 Serina Dominique Procede et dispositif pour la saisie et le traitement de donnees tracees en clair
EP0094867A1 (fr) * 1982-05-18 1983-11-23 Dominique Serina Procédé et dispositif pour la saisie et le traitement de données tracées en clair
WO1985000234A1 (en) * 1983-06-24 1985-01-17 Mouse Systems Corporation Detector for electro-optical mouse
US4818978A (en) * 1984-06-26 1989-04-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Position and image inputting unit
US4707571A (en) * 1986-10-29 1987-11-17 Hewlett-Packard Company Ergonomic digitizer stylus
EP0266189A3 (en) * 1986-10-29 1990-03-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Digitizer stylus
US5323000A (en) * 1992-03-11 1994-06-21 Firma Schablonentechnik Kufstein Gesellschaft M.B.H. Optical read head having optical fibers inclined towards optical axis and protruding past imaging optics
US20010038711A1 (en) * 2000-01-06 2001-11-08 Zen Optical Technology, Llc Pen-based handwritten character recognition and storage system
US20050185842A1 (en) * 2000-01-06 2005-08-25 Williams David R. Pen-based handwritten character recognition and storage system
US6968083B2 (en) 2000-01-06 2005-11-22 Zen Optical Technology, Llc Pen-based handwritten character recognition and storage system
US7164793B2 (en) 2000-01-06 2007-01-16 Williams David R Pen-based handwritten character recognition and storage system
US20030214489A1 (en) * 2002-05-14 2003-11-20 Woods Peter N. Note and sketch transcription device, system, and method
US7102625B2 (en) 2002-05-14 2006-09-05 Woods Peter N Note and sketch transcription device, system, and method

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GB1012445A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE1170179B (de) 1964-05-14

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