US3180913A - Method for producing high shrinkage fibers - Google Patents
Method for producing high shrinkage fibers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3180913A US3180913A US180805A US18080562A US3180913A US 3180913 A US3180913 A US 3180913A US 180805 A US180805 A US 180805A US 18080562 A US18080562 A US 18080562A US 3180913 A US3180913 A US 3180913A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- percent
- temperature
- acrylonitrile
- subjecting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01G1/00—Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling
- D01G1/06—Converting tows to slivers or yarns, e.g. in direct spinning
- D01G1/10—Converting tows to slivers or yarns, e.g. in direct spinning by cutting
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/18—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/38—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds comprising unsaturated nitriles as the major constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/54—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polymers of unsaturated nitriles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/71—Processes of shaping by shrinking
Definitions
- the fibers produced by the", process of this invention possess a number of uses, primarily among them being for the use as the short hair in artificialfurs when they are vcombined with a relatively non-shrinking fiber which will form the guard hair or high level pile portion of the fabric. ln addition, when the high shrinkage fibers produced by the process of this invention are platted with .relatively nonlshri'nkagefibers and then this yarn is treated ,the materials together into a felt.
- The. object of this invention is to provide a method for producing synthetic linear fibers which shrink upon treatment by heat. Another object of this invention isto pro- ;vide a method for ⁇ producing high shrinkage acrylic fibers vwhich shrink upon treatment by heat. Another object of this invention is to provide a method for producing high shrinkage acrylic fibers composed of at least 80 percent acrylonitrile which shrink upon treatment with heat.
- GenerallyV Vthe objects of this invention are accomplished by first reducing the stretch ratio in the conventional stretching step subsequent to the spinning of the ⁇ acrylic-fiber. This results in WY molecular orientation of the thus produced fiber. The fiber is then subjected 'to steam under pressure. After this step the fiber is stretched in a hot water bath under controlledftempera- ⁇ ture. The tow is then removed from the-hot Waterbath,
- the objects of this invention are accomplished by spinning the acrylic fibers in a conventional spin bath, then passing the fibers through boiling water during which the fibers are stretched in a ratio of 1.5 to 2.5 with the preferred ratio being 1.8, giving a 10W molecular orientation to the polymer.
- the fibers are then passed-through a finish bath to add Whatever finishes or additives ⁇ are desired andthen generally the fibers or tow are dried and crimped, both 'conventionaloperations.
- Vthe fibers or tow are then subjectedto steam under pressure varying from 35 p.s.i.g. to 55 p.s.i.g. with the preferred being around v45 p.s.i.g.
- the tow .after the pressure and steam treatment, :is ⁇ stretched by -a ⁇ ratio of. atleast 1.7, but no more than- 3.0 in a hot water bath at a'temperature of 70 C. to 95 C., the preferred temperature being 85 C.
- the stretched towkis cooled lg Patented Apr. 27, 1965 under tension, crimped and dried at a temperature of below 7G" ⁇ C. and then cut into staple.
- the staple is then processed through the conventional textile industry steps into yarns etc. ⁇ When these yarns are exposed to boiling water, they ⁇ shrink-37 percent to 50 .percent of their original length..
- the degree of shrinkage depending upon the specific conventional spinning and stretching conditions used in Vpreparing.the* fibers will shrink from 32 percent to around 45 percent of their original length when exposed to dry heat of 145 C. to 155 C.y
- the time ⁇ the tow remains in the hot-second stretch zone is not of importance. It remains there only as long as it takes for the fiberV toreach the required temperature.
- the method of this invention may beused to. produce high shrinkage fibers of many different denier, the desired denierdepending upon the end product required.
- the shrinkagep'roduced in the fibers manufactured by the process of this invention is considerably greater than typical commercial synthetic fiberspon treatment withheat. i
- the polymeric materials' which may be employed in the practice of the present invention are polyacrylonitrile, copolymers including binary and ternary polymers containing atleast 80 percent by weight of arcylonitrile in the polymermolecula or a blend comprising polyacrylonitrile or copolymers comprising acrylonitrile with from 2 to 50 percent of another polymeric material, the blend vhaving an Aoverall rpolymerized acrylonitrile content of at least 80 percent by weight.
- acrylonitrile polymers containing at ⁇ least 80 percent of acrylonitrile generally recognized as the tiber-forrning'acrylonitrile polymers, it will be understood that the invention is likewise applicable to polymers containing less than percent acrylonitrile.
- the acrylonitrile polymers containing less than 80 percent lacrylonitrile are useful in forming films, coating composition's, molding operation and lacquers.
- Suitable fmonoolefinic monomers include acrylic, alpha-chloroacrylic and methacrylic acids; the acrylates, such as methn ylmethacrylate,
- the polymer may be a ternary or higher interpolymer, for example, products obtained by the interpolymerization of acrylonitrile and'two or more of any of the monorners, other thanacrylonitrileenumerated above.
- YMore specifically, andk preferably the ternary polymercomprises acrylonitrile, methac'rylonitrile, and 2-vinylpyridine.
- the ternary polymer preferably contain from 80 to 98 percent of acrylonitrile, from 1 to 10 percent of a vinylpyridine or a l-vinylimidazole, and from 1 to 18 percent of another substance such as methacrylonitrile or vinyl chloride.
- the polymeric material when it comprises a blend, it Will be a blend of a copolymer of 90 to 98 percent acrylonitrile and from 2 to 10 percent of another mono-oletinic monomer, such as vinyl acetate, which is not receptive to dyestuff, with a suiiicient amount of a copolymer of from to 70 percent of acrylonitrile land from 30 to 90 percent of a vinyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amine, such as vinylpyridine or l-vinylimidazole, to give a dyeable blend having an overall vinyl-substituted tertiary heterocyclic amine content of from 2 to 10 percent based on the weight of the blend.
- a copolymer of 90 to 98 percent acrylonitrile and from 2 to 10 percent of another mono-oletinic monomer such as vinyl acetate, which is not receptive to dyestuff
- Example 1 Polymer composed of 94 percent acrylonitrile and 6 percent vinyl acetate was dissolved in a conventional solvent and spun into an aqueous spin bath. The spun filaments or fibers were then passed over rolls and then into a water bath at 100 C. The filaments or fibers were stretched during their passage through said bath 1.94 times their original length. In addition, the fibers were dried over drying rolls heated with 30 p.s.i.g. steam. They were vthen exposed to steam under 45 p.s.i.g. pressure until all fibers were fully contacted by the steam. The fibers were then stretched 1.83 times their original length in a hot Water bath at 87 C., removed from the bath and cooled while still under tension.
- the fibers were wet crimped and dried at a temperature of 40 C. Tow, as produced above was placed in a boiling Water bath and it was determined that the fibers had a boiling Water shrinkage of 38 percent by comparing the original length of liber to the length of the fiber after the boiling water step. Another sample of tow, produced as above, was exposed to dry heat in a hot air oven at a temperature of 145 C. for Ia period of 6 minutes. It was determined that the fiber under these conditions had a dry heat shrinkage of 34 percent. f
- Example 2 The exact process of Example 1 was repeated except the initial stretch ratio was 1.06 and the second stretch was at a ratio of 1.67 at a temperature of 85 C. The boiling water shrinkage was determined to be 38 percent.
- Example 3 The exact process of Example 2 was repeated except the second stretch ratio was 2.0 and the temperature of the hot Water was 86 C. The boiling water shrinkage was determined to be 44 percent. Another sample of the tow, produced as above, was exposed to dry heat in a hot air oven at a temperature of 149 C. for a period of 6 minutes. It was determined that the fiber under these conditions had a dry heat shrinkage of 40 percent.
- Example 4 The exact process of Example 1 was repeated except the second stretch water temperature was approximately C. and the stretch ratio was 2.0. The boiling water shrinkage was determined to be 39.6 percent.
- Example 5 Polymer composed of a blend of one copolymer in the amount of 98.5 percent which comprises 94 percent acrylonitrile and 6 percent vinyl acetate and 1.5 percent of cellulose acetate was dissolved in a conventional solvent and spun into an aqueous spin bath. Spun filaments or fibers were then passed over rolls and then into a hot water bath at a low boil. The filaments or fibers were stretched during their passage through said hot water bath 1.6 times their original length. In addition, the fibers were dried over drying rolls with 30 p.s.i.g. of steam. They were then exposed to steam under 47 p.s.i.g. pressure until all fibers were fully contacted by the steam.
- the fibers were then stretched 1.9 times their original length in a second het water bath at 85 C., removed from the bath and cooled while under tension.
- the fibers were then crimped and dried at a temperature of F. for l0 minutes.
- a fiber, as produced above was exposed to hot air in an oven at 300 F. for approximately 6 minutes, yand then cooled. Upon measuring the original length of the fiber against the length of the fiber after it had been exposed to dry heat, it was found that there was a shrinkage of 40 percent.
- a method for producing high shrinkage acrylic fibers composed of at least 80 percent acrylonitrile and up to 20 percent of another copolymerizable mono-olefinie monomer comprising subjecting said bers in the freshly spun state to a, first low ratio stretch in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 in boiling water, subjecting said stretched fibers to steam under pressure in a range of 35 p.s.i.g. to 55 p.s.i.g., then subjecting said fibers to a second low ratio stretch in the range of 1.7 to 3.0 in a hot Water bath at a temperature of between 70 C., and 95 C., then cooling said fibers under tension and then drying said fibers at a temperature of below 70 C.
- a method for producing high shrinkage acrylic fibers composed of 94 percent acrylonitrile and 6 percent vinyl acetate comprising subjecting said fibers in the freshly spun state to a first low ratio stretch in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 in boiling water, subjecting said stretched fibers to steam under pressure in a range of 35 p.s.i.g. to 55 p.s.i.g., then subjecting said fibers to a second low ratio stretch in the range of 1.7 to 3.0 in ⁇ a hot water bath at a temperature of between 70 C. and 95 C., then cooling said fibers under tension and then drying said fibers at a temperature v of below 70 C.
- a method of producing high shrinkage acrylic fibers composed of a blend of 88 percent of one copolymer of 94 percent acrylonitrile and 6 percent vinyl acetate and 12 percent of another copolymer of 50 percent acrylonitrile and 50 percent methyl vinyl pyridine comprising subjecting said fibers in the freshly spun state to a first low ratio stretch in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 in boiling water, subjecting said stretched fibers to steam under pressure in a range of 35 p.s.i.g. to 55 p.s.i.g., then subjecting said fibers to a second low ratio stretch in the range of 1.7 to 3.0 in a hot yWater bath at a temperature of between 70 C. and 95 C., then cooling said fibers under tension and then drying said bers at a temperature of below 70 C.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL133430D NL133430C (nl) | 1962-03-19 | ||
NL290397D NL290397A (nl) | 1962-03-19 | ||
BE629770D BE629770A (nl) | 1962-03-19 | ||
US180805A US3180913A (en) | 1962-03-19 | 1962-03-19 | Method for producing high shrinkage fibers |
GB7597/63A GB998990A (en) | 1962-03-19 | 1963-02-26 | Method for producing high shrinkage acrylic fibers |
CH323763A CH415945A (fr) | 1962-03-19 | 1963-03-14 | Procédé de fabrication de fibres de polymères linéaires synthétiques à taux de retrait élevé |
DK118863AA DK108160C (da) | 1962-03-19 | 1963-03-15 | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af syntetiske, liniære acrylfibre med stor krympningsevne. |
DE19631435549 DE1435549A1 (de) | 1962-03-19 | 1963-03-18 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von synthetischen linearen Fasern oder Faeden,insbesondereAcrylfasern mit hoher Schrumpfung |
FR928355A FR1351178A (fr) | 1962-03-19 | 1963-03-18 | Procédé de fabrication de fibres synthétiques présentant un taux de retrait élevé |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US180805A US3180913A (en) | 1962-03-19 | 1962-03-19 | Method for producing high shrinkage fibers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3180913A true US3180913A (en) | 1965-04-27 |
Family
ID=22661828
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US180805A Expired - Lifetime US3180913A (en) | 1962-03-19 | 1962-03-19 | Method for producing high shrinkage fibers |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3180913A (nl) |
BE (1) | BE629770A (nl) |
CH (1) | CH415945A (nl) |
DE (1) | DE1435549A1 (nl) |
DK (1) | DK108160C (nl) |
GB (1) | GB998990A (nl) |
NL (2) | NL290397A (nl) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3330898A (en) * | 1963-08-07 | 1967-07-11 | Dow Chemical Co | Method for preparing highly shrinkable acrylonitrile polymer fibers |
US3399260A (en) * | 1963-06-05 | 1968-08-27 | Japan Exlan Co Ltd | Production of acrylonitrile polymer fibers |
US3993719A (en) * | 1974-02-15 | 1976-11-23 | Japan Exlan Company Limited | Process for producing carbon fibers |
DE2532120A1 (de) * | 1975-07-18 | 1977-02-03 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochschrumpffaehigen nassgesponnenen acrylfasern oder -faeden |
US4011294A (en) * | 1974-06-18 | 1977-03-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making high shrinkage acrylic fibers |
US4071596A (en) * | 1975-06-20 | 1978-01-31 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making high shrinkage acrylic fibers |
US4108845A (en) * | 1975-01-31 | 1978-08-22 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Highly shrinkable acrylic fibres or filaments |
FR2428090A1 (fr) * | 1978-06-05 | 1980-01-04 | Rhone Poulenc Textile | Fibres acryliques a grand retrait et leur procede d'obtention |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2504080C2 (de) * | 1975-01-31 | 1985-04-04 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Hochschrumpffähige Acrylfasern und ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE2558384C3 (de) * | 1975-12-23 | 1984-11-08 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Glanzstabile Modacrylfasern und -fäden und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2681265A (en) * | 1948-11-27 | 1954-06-15 | American Viscose Corp | Spinning artificial filaments |
US3099517A (en) * | 1960-12-16 | 1963-07-30 | Dow Chemical Co | Process of treating wet-spun acrylonitrile polymer fibers |
-
0
- NL NL133430D patent/NL133430C/xx active
- BE BE629770D patent/BE629770A/xx unknown
- NL NL290397D patent/NL290397A/xx unknown
-
1962
- 1962-03-19 US US180805A patent/US3180913A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1963
- 1963-02-26 GB GB7597/63A patent/GB998990A/en not_active Expired
- 1963-03-14 CH CH323763A patent/CH415945A/fr unknown
- 1963-03-15 DK DK118863AA patent/DK108160C/da active
- 1963-03-18 DE DE19631435549 patent/DE1435549A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2681265A (en) * | 1948-11-27 | 1954-06-15 | American Viscose Corp | Spinning artificial filaments |
US3099517A (en) * | 1960-12-16 | 1963-07-30 | Dow Chemical Co | Process of treating wet-spun acrylonitrile polymer fibers |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3399260A (en) * | 1963-06-05 | 1968-08-27 | Japan Exlan Co Ltd | Production of acrylonitrile polymer fibers |
US3330898A (en) * | 1963-08-07 | 1967-07-11 | Dow Chemical Co | Method for preparing highly shrinkable acrylonitrile polymer fibers |
US3993719A (en) * | 1974-02-15 | 1976-11-23 | Japan Exlan Company Limited | Process for producing carbon fibers |
US4011294A (en) * | 1974-06-18 | 1977-03-08 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making high shrinkage acrylic fibers |
US4108845A (en) * | 1975-01-31 | 1978-08-22 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Highly shrinkable acrylic fibres or filaments |
US4071596A (en) * | 1975-06-20 | 1978-01-31 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for making high shrinkage acrylic fibers |
DE2532120A1 (de) * | 1975-07-18 | 1977-02-03 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochschrumpffaehigen nassgesponnenen acrylfasern oder -faeden |
FR2428090A1 (fr) * | 1978-06-05 | 1980-01-04 | Rhone Poulenc Textile | Fibres acryliques a grand retrait et leur procede d'obtention |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL290397A (nl) | |
DE1435549A1 (de) | 1968-12-12 |
BE629770A (nl) | |
GB998990A (en) | 1965-07-21 |
CH415945A (fr) | 1966-06-30 |
DK108160C (da) | 1967-09-25 |
NL133430C (nl) |
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